Detection of Congestive Heart Failure in Dogs by Doppler Echocardiography

Background: Echocardiographic prediction of congestive heart failure (CHF) in dogs has not been prospectively evaluated. Hypothesis: CHF can be predicted by Doppler echocardiographic (DE) variables of left ventricular (LV) filling in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (MVD) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Animals: Sixty‐three client‐owned dogs. Methods: Prospective clinical cohort study. Physical examination, thoracic radiography, analysis of natriuretic peptides, and transthoracic echocardiography were performed. Diagnosis of CHF was based upon clinical and radiographic findings. Presence or absence of CHF was predicted using receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve, multivariate logistic and stepwise regression, and best subsets analyses. Results: Presence of CHF secondary to MVD or DCM could best be predicted by E : isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) (area under the ROC curve [AUC]=0.97, P < .001), respiration rate (AUC=0.94, P < .001), Diastolic Functional Class (AUC=0.93, P < .001), and a combination of Diastolic Functional Class, IVRT, and respiration rate (R²=0.80, P < .001) or Diastolic Functional Class (AUC=1.00, P < .001), respiration rate (AUC=1.00, P < .001), and E : IVRT (AUC=0.99, P < .001), and a combination of Diastolic Functional Class and E : IVRT (R²=0.94, P < .001), respectively, whereas other variables including N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide, E : Ea, and E : Vp were less useful. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Various DE variables can be used to predict CHF in dogs with MVD and DCM. Determination of the clinical benefit of such variables in initiating, modulating, and assessing success of treatments for CHF needs further study.     

Effect of Physiological Determinants and Cardiac Disease on Plasma Adiponectin Concentrations in Dogs

Background

In humans, a high concentration of adiponectin is associated with a favorable cardiovascular risk profile whereas, in patients with heart failure (HF), a high concentration of adiponectin is associated with a less favorable prognosis.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To evaluate the physiological determinants of plasma adiponectin concentration in dogs and the influence of heart disease, myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

Animals

One hundred and fourteen client‐owned dogs and 9 Beagles from the research colony of the Clinical Veterinary Unit of the University of Liège.

Methods

We prospectively measured circulating adiponectin concentration in healthy control dogs (n = 77), dogs with MMVD (n = 22) and dogs with DCM (n = 15) of various degrees of severity. Diagnosis was confirmed by Doppler echocardiography. Plasma adiponectin concentration was measured by a canine‐specific sandwich ELISA kit.

Results

An analysis of covariance showed an association between adiponectin concentration and age, neuter status, and heart disease. No association between adiponectin concentration and class of HF, sex, body condition score, body weight, circadian rhythm, or feeding was found. Plasma adiponectin concentration was negatively correlated with age (P = .001). Adiponectin was lower in neutered (P = .008) compared to intact dogs. Circulating adiponectin concentration was increased in dogs with DCM compared to healthy dogs (P = .018) and to dogs with MMVD (P = .014).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Age and neutering negatively influence circulating adiponectin concentration. Plasma adiponectin concentration increased in dogs with DCM. Additional research is required to investigate if this hormone is implicated in the pathophysiology of DCM and associated with clinical outcome.     

Effects of Oral Sunflower Oil on Serum and Cutaneous Fatty Acid Concentration Profiles in Seborrheic Dogs

Abstract— Twenty-one dogs with chronic seborrhea were evaluated in this study. Serum fatty acid concentration profiles of the seborrheic dogs were within normal reference ranges. However, cutaneous fatty acid concentration profiles showed elevations in oleic acid and arachidonic acid with decreased levels of linoleic acid. Following supplementation with oral sunflower oil (1.5 ml/kg body weight/day) for 30 days, the cutaneous fatty acid concentration profiles returned to near normal values and clinical signs of seborrhea lessened in severity. Clinical signs of seborrhea in dogs may be partly attributable to a localized deficiency of linoleic acid and/or elevated levels of arachidonic acid in the skin. Résumé— Cette étude a porté sur vingt et un chiens présentant une séborrhée chronique. Les concentrations plasmatiques d'acides gras des chiens séborruélaques étainet dans les limites des valeurs usuelles. Toutefols, les concentration d'acides gras au niveau cutané ont montré des élévations des concentrations d'acide oléique et d'acide archidonique et une diminution des concentrations d'acide linoléqiue. Après 30 jours d'une supplémentation à base d'huile d'onagre (0,5 ml/kg PV/j), les concentrations cutanées d'acides gras étaient revenues àla normales et les signes cliniques de séborrhées avaient diminué. Les signes cliniques de la séborrhée chez le chien pourraient en partie être dus à une concentration cutanée trop élevée d'acide obéique et d'acide arachidonique et/ou trop faibie d'acide linoléique. Zusammenfassung— In dieser Studie wurde chronische Seborrhoe bei einundzwanzig Hunden ausgewertet. Die Konzentrationsprofile der Serumfettsäuren der Hunde mit Seborrhoe lagen innerhalb der normalen Referenzbereiche. Die Konsentrationsprofile der kutanen Fettsäuren zeigten eine Erhöhung der öl-und Arachidonsäure sowie verminderte Mengen an Linolsäure. Nach einer oralen Ergänzung mit Sonnenblumenöl (1,5 ml/kg Körpergewicht und Tag) über 30 Tage kehrten die Konzentrationsprofile der kutanen Fettsäuren nahe an die Normalwerte zurück und die klinischen Symptome der Seborrhoe verminderten sich in ihrem Ausmaß. Die klinischen Veränderungen der Seborrhoe bein Hund können teilweise durch einen lokalisierten Mangrel an Linolsäure und/oder durch einen erhöten Spiegel an Arachidonsäure in der Haut bedingt sein. Resumen En este estudio se evaluan 21 perros con seborrea de tipo crónico. Los valores de las concentraciones de acídos grasos en el suero resultaron hallarse dentro del rango normal. Sin embargo, las concentracions du ácido oleico y araquidónico en la piel entaban aumentadas, y las de ácido linoleico reducidas. Después de una suplementación con aceite de girasol, (1.5 ml/kg de peso corporal/día), por un periodo de 30 días, la concentración de ácidos grasos cutáneos se vió casi normalizada y los signos clínicos de seborrea disminuyeron de severidad. El cuadro clínico de seborrea en perros podria ser atribuido parcialmente a la deficiencia local de ácido linoleico, y/o a la elevación de ácido araquidónico en la piel.     

Comparisons of 3‐, 2‐Dimensional,and M‐Mode Echocardiographical Methods for Estimation of Left Chamber Volumes in Dogs with and without Acquired Heart Disease

Background: Real‐time 3‐dimensional echocardiography (RT3D) is a recent technique based on volumetric scanning, eliminating the need for geometric modeling of the cardiac chambers and minimizing the errors caused by foreshortened views. Hypothesis: Estimations of left ventricular (LV) end‐diastolic (EDV) and end‐systolic volume (ESV), and left atrial (LA) size, differ depending on the echocardiographic technique of estimation. Animals: Fifty‐one dogs with acquired heart disease and 34 healthy control dogs. Methods: Prospective observational study by M‐mode (Teichholz method), Simpson's modified 2‐dimensional (2D) method, and RT3D methods for estimation of LV volumes. LA size was evaluated by 2D and RT3D methods. Results: RT3D showed good agreement with 2D for EDV and ESV, whereas Teichholz method overestimated LV volumes in comparison with the other 2 methods by approximately a factor 2. There were no statistically significant differences among the 3 methods in estimating ejection fraction. Comparison between RT3D assessment of LA end‐systolic volume per kilogram (LAs/kg) and LA to aortic ratio (LA/Ao) measured by 2D relative to each other showed that the RT3D method underestimated LAs/kg at lower values, and overestimated it at higher values. The difference between methods increased with increasing LA size. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: There was good agreement between RT3D and 2D methods of estimating EDV and ESV, whereas the Teichholz method overestimated LV volumes by approximately a factor 2. In comparison with RT3D, LA/Ao underestimated LA size, especially when LA was enlarged.     

日粮中添加鱼油和葵花油对肉牛瘤胃纤维素酶活性的影响

选用4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国鲁西黄牛,采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,研究日粮中不同水平鱼油和葵花油组合对瘤胃液中木聚糖酶、水杨苷酶和羧甲基纤维素酶活力的影响.试验处理为对照组、加油1(SF1,1%鱼油和3%葵花油)组、加油2(SF2,1.5%鱼油和2.5%葵花油)组、加油3(SF3,2%鱼油和2%葵花油)组.试验结果表明:与对照组比较,SF1组中木聚糖酶和羧甲基纤维素酶活性较低,但SF2和SF3处理中木聚糖酶、水杨苷酶活性较高.这表明高剂量的葵花油对木聚糖酶和羧甲基纤维素酶具有抑制作用,但鱼油有着增加木聚糖酶、水杨苷酶活性的作用.当牛采食试验日粮后,对照组、SF1组和SF2组中木聚糖酶、水杨苷酶活性迅速升高,而后降低;但SF3组纤维素酶活性先降低后升高.结论:高剂量鱼油增加木聚糖酶、水杨苷酶活性;高剂量的葵花油则抑制木聚糖酶和羧甲基纤维素酶活性.     

犬慢性肾衰竭进程中肠道菌群代谢物短链脂肪酸水平的变化及其对肾功能的影响

本研究旨在评估短链脂肪酸在慢性肾衰竭患犬和健康犬中的水平,探究短链脂肪酸变化的原因及其对肾功能的影响.选取22例轻度慢性肾衰患犬(M-CRF组)、29例重度慢性肾衰患犬(S-CRF组)和26例健康对照犬(HC组),用16S rDNA测序技术分析肠道菌群多样性,气相色谱法检测粪中短链脂肪酸浓度.通过粪菌移植和补充丁酸钠给...     

Effect of diet composition and slaughter weight on animal performance, carcass and meat quality, and fatty acid composition in veal calves

The effect of true milk use in the diet of Spanish Brown Swiss male calves on animal performance, carcass and meat quality, and fatty acids composition was studied. In experiment 1, the effect of milk intake [ad libitum continuous (ADLIB) feed vs. restricted 0.7 during 75 days followed by ad libitum feed (RESTR)] and slaughter endpoint (225 kg vs. 5 month) were studied. In experiment 2, ad libitum concentrate feeding [grain-fed (GF)] was compared with milk supplementation until slaughter [milk-fed (MF)] in calves slaughtered at 345 kg. As regards to milk intake, carcass weight and degree of fatness were higher in the ADLIB group (P<0.05). The RESTR group revealed a higher percentage of saturated fatty acids (P<0.05). In experiment 2, the MF group exhibited a higher fat percentage (P<0.05), lower press and cooking losses (P<0.05), and higher scores for tenderness and juiciness (P<0.05) than the GF group. The percentage of saturated fatty acids was higher in the MF group (P<0.05). The results suggest that true milk use in veal production could be an advantageous alternative in terms on production costs, animal performance, and carcass and meat quality.     

甲基供体促仔猪生长的内分泌机制的探讨

试验将 72头始重为 1 0kg左右的杜长嘉仔猪随机分为 3组 ,以添加和不添加蛋氨酸为对照 ,试验组喂以添加 80 0mg/kg的甜菜碱。 3组的基础饲粮组成及营养水平相同 ,试验期为 3 6天。结果表明 ,与不添加蛋氨酸组相比 ,添加甜菜碱组猪的日增重和采食量分别提高了 1 1 .82 %(P <0 .0 5)和 8.71 %(P <0 .0 5) ,饲料转化率提高了 2 .79%(P <0 .0 5) ;与添加蛋氨酸组相比无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5)。此外 ,甜菜碱组肝脏中甜菜碱高半胱氨酸甲基转移酶 (BHMT)活较不添加蛋氨酸组高 61 .4 1 %(P <0 .0 5) ,较添加蛋氨酸组高 55.3 6%(P <0 .0 5) ,血样分析结果显示 ,添加甜菜碱组猪比不添加蛋氨酸组显著降低了血清尿素氮含量 (P <0 .0 1 )。提高了血清总铁结合力、GH和IGF -1水平 (P <0 .0 5)。但与添加蛋氨酸组相比 ,差异均不显著 (P >0 .0 5)。上述结果提示 ,甲基供体一方面通过肝脏BHMT酶的调控下为机体甲基化合成代谢提供甲基 ,发挥节约蛋氨酸的效应 ;另一方面通过增强机体GH和IGF -1的分泌 ,促进生长。     

Retrospective Evaluation of the Effect of Heart Rate on Survival in Dogs with Atrial Fibrillation

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) usually is associated with a rapid ventricular rate. The optimal heart rate (HR) during AF is unknown.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Heart rate affects survival in dogs with chronic AF.

Animals

Forty‐six dogs with AF and 24‐hour ambulatory recordings were evaluated.

Methods

Retrospective study. Holter‐derived HR variables were analyzed as follows: mean HR (meanHR, 24‐hour average), minimum HR (minHR, 1‐minute average), maximum HR (maxHR, 1‐minute average). Survival times were recorded from the time of presumed adequate rate control. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards analysis identified variables independently associated with survival; Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis estimated the median survival time of dogs with meanHR <125 bpm versus ≥125 bpm.

Results

All 46 dogs had structural heart disease; 31 of 46 had congestive heart failure (CHF), 44 of 46 received antiarrhythmic drugs. Of 15 dogs with cardiac death, 14 had CHF. Median time to all‐cause death was 524 days (Interquartile range (IQR), 76–1,037 days). MeanHR was 125 bpm (range, 62–203 bpm), minHR was 82 bpm (range, 37–163 bpm), maxHR was 217 bpm (range, 126–307 bpm). These were significantly correlated with all‐cause and cardiac‐related mortality. For every 10 bpm increase in meanHR, the risk of all‐cause mortality increased by 35% (hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.17–1.55; P < 0.001). Median survival time of dogs with meanHR<125 bpm (n = 23) was significantly longer (1,037 days; range, 524‐open) than meanHR ≥125 bpm (n = 23; 105 days; range, 67–267 days; P = 0.0012). Mean HR was independently associated with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality (P < 0.003).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Holter‐derived meanHR affects survival in dogs with AF. Dogs with meanHR <125 bpm lived longer than those with meanHR ≥ 125 bpm.     

Tissue Doppler and Strain Imaging in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Different Stages of Congestive Heart Failure

Background: Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) including strain and strain rate (SR) assess systolic and diastolic myocardial function.
Hypothesis: TDI, strain, and SR variables of the left ventricle (LV) and the interventricular septum (IVS) differ significantly between dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) with and without congestive heart failure (CHF).
Animals: Sixty-one dogs with MMVD with and without CHF. Ten healthy control dogs.
Methods: Prospective observational study.
Results: Radial motion : None of the systolic variables were altered and 3 of the diastolic velocities were significantly increased in dogs with CHF compared with dogs without CHF and control dogs. Longitudinal motion : 2 systolic velocities and 3 diastolic velocities were significantly increased in dogs with CHF compared with dogs without CHF and control dogs. Difference in systolic velocity time-to-peak between LV and IVS was significantly increased in dogs with MMVD with and without CHF compared with control dogs. In total, 11 (23%) of 48 TDI and strain variables differed significantly between groups. Left atrial to aortic ratio was positively correlated to early diastolic velocities, percentage increase in left ventricular internal diameter in systole was positively correlated to systolic and diastolic velocities, and mitral E wave to peak early diastolic velocity in the LV basal segment (E/Em) was positively correlated to radial strain and SR.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Few TDI and strain variables were changed in dogs with MMVD with and without CHF. Intraventricular dyssynchrony may be an early sign of MMVD or may be an age-related finding.     

Randomized Single-blind Comparison of an Evening Primrose Oil and Fish Oil Combination and Concentrates of these Oils in the Management of Canine Atopy

Abstract— A randomized single-blind parallel study was devised to compare the efficacy of a commercially available evening primrose oil and fish oil supplement (EfaVet Regular, Efamol Vet, Guildford, U.K.) with a concentrated preparation (HGF capsules; Efamol Vet) containing gammalinolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Thirty-seven perennially affected atopic dogs whose clinical signs were well-controlled by EfaVet Regular either continued to receive EfaVet Regular at the previous dose, or were switched to HGF capsules. Twenty-eight dogs completed the 16 week study and nine were withdrawn. Nine dogs continuing to receive EfaVet Regular were unchanged, and five deteriorated. Three dogs switched to HGF improved, six were unchanged, and five deteriorated. Differences in clinical scores within or between the two treatment groups were not significant. There was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the mean plasma phospholipid EPA concentration in both treatment groups at week 16. It was concluded that EfaVet Regular and HGF capsules were of comparable efficacy in controlling the clinical signs in this group of atopic dogs. Résumé— Une étude parallèle en double aveugle a été conduite pour comparer l'efficacité d'une préparation commerciale à base d'huile d'onagre et d'huile de poisson (EfaVet, Efamol Vet, Guilford, U.K.) à une préparation concentrée (HFG capsules, Efamol Vet) contenant de l'acide gammalinolénique et de l'acide éicosapentaénoïque (EPA). Trente sept chiens atopiques présentant des symptômes perannuels controlés par de l'EfaVet Regular, ou continuait à recevoir de l'EfaVet Regular à la même dose, ou prenaient des capsules d'HGF. Vingt huit chiens ont suivi le traitement de 16 semaines et 9 ont étééliminés de l'étude. Pour trois des chiens ayant changé pour l'HGF les signes cliniques ont été améliorés, aucun changement n'a été observé pour six et une aggravation a été notée pour cinq. Les differences entre les scores cliniques des groupes ne sont pas significatives. Une diminution significative (P < 0.05) de la concentration plasmatique de phosphalipides FPA dans les deux groupes a été observée à la semaine 16. En conclusion, l'EfaVet Regular et les capsules d'HGF ont une efficacité comparable dans le contrôle des symptômes dans ce groupe de chiens atopiques. Zusammenfassung— Eine randomisierte Einfach-Blind-Parallelstudie wurde durchgeführt um die Wirksamkeit eines kommerziell erhältlichen Nachtkerzen-und Fischölergänzungspräparates (Efa Vet Regular, Efamol Vet, Guildford, U.K.) mit einer konzentrierten Präparation aus Gamma-Linolensäure und Eicosapentaensäure (EPA) (HGF Kapseln, Efamol Vet) zu vergleichen. 37 Patienten mit einer nichtsaisonalen Atopie, deren klinische Symptome mit Efa Vet Regular gut kontrolliert werden konnten, wurden entweder auf dieser Therapie belassen oder umgestellt auf HGF-Kapsseln 29 Patienten führten die therapie über die die 16 Wochen der Studie bis zum Schluß durch, bei 9 Patienten wurde sie abgebrochen 9 Patienten die weiterhin Efa Vet Regular erhielten, blieben unverändert, 5 verschlechterten sich 3 Hunde, die auf HGF umgestellt wurden, zeigten eine Besserung, 6 blieben gleich, und 5 verschlechterten sich Die Unterschiede in den klimischen Ergebnissen innerhalb oder zwischen den beiden Behandlungsgruppen waren nicht signifikant. Es gab eine signifikante Reduktion (P < 0,05) im Mittelwert der Plasma-Phospholipid-EPA-Konzentration zwischen den beiden Gruppen in der Woche 16. Efa Vet Regular und HGF Kapseln scheinen demnach eine vergleichbare Wirksamkeit in der Kontrolle der klinischen Symptome bei dieser Gruppe atopischer Hunde zu haben. Resumen Con el objetivo de comparar la eficacia de una marca comercial que contenía una combinación de aceite primrosa y pescado, (Efa Vet Regular, Efamol Vet, Guilford, U.K.), con un preparación de tipo concentrado, (HFG cápsules; Efamol Vet), que contenía ácido gammalinoleico y eicosapentanoico (EPA), se llevó a cabo un estudio paralelo al azar de tipo ciego-sencillo. Treinta y siete perros que padecían atopía con síntomas de tipo estacional, cuyo coadro clínico fue controlado con Efa Vet Regular, continuaron recibiendo la misma medicación a la misma dose, o comenzaron a recibir cápsulas HFG. Veintiocho de los perros completaron las dieciséis semanas de estudio y neuve se retiraron del mismo. Neuve perros que continuaron recibiendo EfaVet permaneiceron sin cambios y cinco sufrieron una deterioración. Tres de los que comenzaron a recibir HGF experimentaron una mejoría, en seis no vio cambio alguno y cinco empeoraron. Las diferencias entre las evaluaciones clínicas entre los dos grupos de tratamientos no fueron significativas. Se encontró una diferencia significativa en la reducción del valor medio de la concentración de fosfolípidos EPA en el plasma (P < 0.05) entre los dos tipos de tratamientos, an la semans décimosexta. Finalmente, se consluyó que EfaVet Regular y las cápsulas HGF fueron ambas de eficacia comparable en el prsente grupo de perros atópicos.     

日粮添加大豆黄酮对去势仔猪生长性能及有关内分泌的影响

断奶仔猪 (公母均去势 )随机分为对照组和实验组 ,分别饲喂基础日粮和基础日粮添加 5mg/kg日粮的大豆黄酮 ,试验期持续一个月。与对照组相比 ,实验组的增重和饲料利用率均有所改善 ,但存在明显的性别差异 :雄性去势仔猪增重提高 5 9.15 % (P <0 .0 1) ,但雌性去势仔猪低 2 6 .39% (P <0 .0 5 ) ;血液胰岛素样生长因子 (IGF I)含量平均提高 2 6 .6 0 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,公、母分别为提高 5 0 .91%和降低 9.6 6 % ;睾酮含量提高 17.4 6 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,其中雄性提高 18.4 1% ,而雌性降低 6 .86 % ;血钙含量提高 11.78% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,其中雄、雌分别提高 17.92 % (P <0 .0 5 )和 6 .4 7%。上述实验结果表明 ,大豆黄酮对去势仔猪生长和有关激素状态表现明显的性别差异性。能够显著促进去势仔公猪生长和睾酮、IGF I分泌 ,而对雌性去势仔猪则起抑制性影响     

Usefulness of Conventional and Tissue Doppler Echocardiography to Predict Congestive Heart Failure in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease

Background

Systolic and diastolic functions have been evaluated to predict outcome in congestive heart failure (CHF). Recently, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) has become useful for the estimation of myocardial function in cardiac diseases of humans and animals.

Objective

This study was designed to assess whether myocardial function as assessed by TDI is associated with the occurrence of CHF in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and whether additional information is gained over conventional Doppler variables.

Animals

Forty‐one privately owned dogs (15 healthy dogs and 26 dogs with MMVD) were included. Dogs with MMVD were divided into non‐CHF (n = 10) and CHF groups (n = 16).

Methods

Conventional echocardiographic examinations were performed. In addition, TDI‐derived variables, including radial and longitudinal velocities, strain, and strain rate were assessed.

Results

Several (12 of 47, 26%) conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography variables were significant predictors of CHF in a univariate analysis (P < .05). However, TDI‐derived E/E _{m sept} was the only load‐independent significant predictor of CHF (P < .05) after multivariate logistic regression analysis. The E/E _{m sept} cut‐off value of >18.7 had a sensitivity of 56% and specificity of 90% in predicting CHF in dogs with MMVD.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The combination of TDI of the mitral annulus and mitral inflow velocity provided better estimates of diastolic dysfunction in dogs with MMVD and CHF. Additional study is warranted to assess TDI‐derived E/E _{m sept}, an index of diastolic function that could contribute to the management of dogs with MMVD and CHF.     

四君子汤对脾虚大鼠空肠黏膜损伤的修复作用及机制

通过检测脾虚大鼠空肠中PCNA和IGF-1的表达,探讨四君子汤对脾虚大鼠空肠黏膜修复的影响。试验分对照组、脾虚组、四君子颗粒治疗组和治疗对照组,每组采取空肠中段作样本;H.E.染色法观察空肠组织结构,免疫组织化学法检测PCNA和IGF-1的表达。脾虚组大鼠空肠绒毛长度、隐窝深度极显著降低(P<0.01);四君子颗粒治疗组大鼠绒毛长度、隐窝深度的显著高于治疗对照组(P<0.05)。脾虚组大鼠空肠中PCNA、IGF-1阳性细胞数极显著增加(P<0.01);四君子颗粒治疗组PCNA、IGF-1阳性细胞个数显著高于治疗对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明,四君子汤可以促进脾虚模型大鼠空肠的修复过程。     

光照对非生绒期内蒙古白绒山羊体成分的影响及其应用调控措施

从体成分的角度研究了光照对内蒙古白绒山羊营养分配的影响。结果表明,光照对体成分有较大影响,随着光照时间的减少,体内干物质的含量增加,体脂肪含量增加。长光照、自然光照和短光照条件下绒山羊的体脂肪含量占干物质的比例分别为41.43%±0.41%、44.43%±0.16%和53.90%±1.70%,而体蛋白、体水分和体灰分含量则随着光照时间的缩短而减少,绒山羊血液中与营养分配有关的激素也发生较大的变化。研究证明光照在绒山羊营养分配中的调节作用,为其在生产实践中的合理应用提供理论依据。     

Effect of breed on fatty acid composition and stearoyl-CoA desaturase protein expression in the Semimembranosus muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue of cattle

The present study investigated (i) the effect of breed on the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) protein and fatty acid composition in Semimembranosus muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue of beef cattle and (ii) the relationship between SCD expression, cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content, and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) level. The study was conducted on the following breeds: Longhorn (L), Charolais cross with Holstein–Friesian (CX), Hereford (H), Belted Galloway (BG) and Beef Shorthorn (BS). Significant breed differences in the total fatty acid content, saturated fatty acid (SFA) level, MUFA and n−3 PUFA content were observed in subcutaneous adipose tissue but not in muscle. In the case of CLA, the breed differences were observed in both muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue, with the highest level in L and the lowest level in H. In the case of subcutaneous adipose tissue, the breed with the highest CLA content (L) also had the highest SCD protein expression. The breed-specific pattern of SCD expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue was similar to the breed-specific pattern of one of the products of an SCD-catalysed reaction, C16:1 (BS < BG < H < CX < L). It has been concluded that (i) the mechanisms regulating SCD protein expression and CLA level in beef cattle are tissue-specific; (ii) breed-specific variations in SCD expression might contribute to breed variations in MUFA and CLA content in subcutaneous adipose tissue but not in Semimembranosus muscle.     

日粮添加大麻籽粕对生长肥育猪生产性能和肉品质的影响

 试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平大麻籽粕对生长育肥猪生产性能及猪肉品质的影响。选用体重约35 kg猪216头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复9头猪。在等能等氮条件下,大麻籽粕添加水平为35~60 kg（0,4%、8%、12%）;60～110 kg（0、8%、12%、6%）。结果表明：（1）大麻籽粕的不同添加水平均未显著影响生长肥育猪的日增重、日采食量和饲料利用率（P＞0.05）;（2）不同添加水平的大麻籽粕对猪肉品质的影响不显著（P＞0.05）;（3）肌肉、肝、血清和血浆中均未检出四氢大麻酚、大麻二酚和大麻酚。大麻籽粕作为蛋白质饲料资源,可部分替代豆粕,安全地应用于生长肥育猪生产中。