数字图像处理技术在玉米种植中的应用

数字图像处理技术已成为农业信息化领域使用较为广泛的信息化技术,渗透到农业生产领域的各个方面。本文概述了图像处理技术在玉米种植过程中各阶段的应用成果．详细介绍了其在玉米考种阶段的应用．并展望了图像处理技术在玉米种植过程中的应用前景。     

转基因玉米研究进展

植物转基因技术开辟了作物遗传改良的新途径。转基因玉米是植物基因工程领域研究的热点之一。近年来,应用转基因技术已经获得抗虫、抗除草剂和其他有用性状的转基因玉米。在此,就玉米转基因在受体系统、目的基因及转化方法方面的研究成果,尤其是近年来玉米转基因研究方面存在的问题、解决途径以及其他类型玉米的转基因研究进展做了综述。     

计算机视觉及其在谷物籽粒检测分级中的应用

本文介绍了计算机视觉技术的基本内容,在一些应用实例的基础上,探讨了计算机视觉技术在谷物籽粒检测与分级中的应用,并针对应用中存在的问题提出几点建议.     

玉米高产栽培技术及推广措施

最近几年,农业生产领域的栽培管理技术得到了进一步的推广和应用,切实提高了农作物的产量和品质,增加了种植户的经济收益。玉米是北方地区种植较为广泛的一类粮食性作物,产量相对较高,适应能力相对较强,在工业领域、饲料加工以及食品加工等方面有着广泛的应用。当前随着市场经济不断向前发展,以及对玉米的需求量不断增加,如何提高单位面积内的玉米产量就成为很多农业工作人员需要重点攻克的问题。通过加快玉米高产栽培技术的有效推广和应用,能够转变农民群众的传统栽培管理方式,从根本上提高玉米单位面积当中的产量,最终推动玉米种植产业的可持续发展。本文主要结合实际工作经验,在探讨玉米高产栽培技术要点的基础上明确了种植技术的推广应用措施,希望通过研究对广大同行有所帮助。     

玉米种植中地膜技术的实践探讨

产量是评判玉米种植效果的重要指标,而影响玉米产量的因素多种多样,如环境因素、种植策略等。地膜覆盖是一种调节种植区域温度、促进植物产量提高的种植技术,广泛应用于玉米种植领域中。现阶段,地膜类型多种多样,不同地膜对玉米种植的影响有所差异。为探究地膜技术在玉米种植领域中的应用效果,文章分别设立了3个试验区和1个对照区,选择3种不同的地膜应用于玉米种植中,并在玉米生长不同周期测定玉米各项指标,以此挑选最佳的地膜技术。     

单倍体技术在玉米种质改良和育种中的应用方向

单倍体技术为玉米种质改良和新品种选育提供了重要的技术支撑。介绍了利用生物杂交诱导方法获得玉米单倍体的基本流程,详细阐述了单倍体技术在玉米种质改良和育种中的主要应用方向,同时就单倍体技术中值得注意的问题进行了总结,并展望了单倍体技术在玉米领域中的应用前景。     

全球玉米分子育种专利态势分析

揭示全球玉米分子育种技术发展态势,旨在为国内玉米分子育种领域相关从业人员在科研或产业化方面提供参考。利用文献计量法,结合专家咨询和调研分析,针对全球玉米分子育种的专利年代趋势、技术生命周期、主要来源和受理国家/地区、主要专利权人、技术主题分布进行分析。为阐释典型机构的技术发展历程,依据专利间的相互引证关系,绘制该领域重要专利权人——杜邦公司的技术路线图。最后利用Emergency Indicator算法对专利标题和摘要中的主题词进行创新性得分计算,预测该领域的新兴技术。结果表明,全球玉米分子育种正处于稳步发展阶段,美国是该领域主要的技术来源国家,同时也是主要的技术流向市场,中国专利数量排名第二,但专利质量和海外布局意识有待提高;大型跨国企业是创新技术的主要来源机构,技术体系完善;转基因技术是目前应用最多的育种技术,加倍单倍体、分子标记辅助选择、单倍体诱导等技术为该领域的新兴技术,值得关注。中国应加大对玉米分子育种的扶持力度,捕捉技术空白点提升专利质量和技术竞争力,同时积极推进专利技术在国际市场的布局。     

绿色防控技术在玉米病虫害防治中的应用分析

加强玉米病虫害的防治工作,是玉米种植提质增效的关键步骤。文章介绍了现阶段常见玉米病虫害的基本情况,并以此为切入点,从技术类型和应用策略两方面对绿色防控技术在玉米病虫害防治中的应用进行了分析和研究。探讨了在玉米病虫害防治工作中使用绿色防控技术的价值和重要性,希望可以为农业领域的相关人士提供帮助,推动玉米种植的发展和进步。     

近红外光谱技术在农作物品质分析方面的应用

近红外光谱分析技术是近年来迅猛发展起来的高新技术,由于其在测量方面具有快速、非破坏性等优点,已被广泛应用。在此,首先介绍了近红外光谱技术及其分析过程（定标和预测）,而后又总结了其在小麦、玉米、稻米及油料作物等农作物品质方面的应用。     

玉米种子处理技术研究

在玉米种植过程中,种子处理是非常重要的环节之一,是保证玉米健康生长、提高病虫害防治水平、实现玉米高产稳产的关键,应充分重视玉米种子处理技术的应用,从玉米种子的选择、晾晒与浸泡、拌种等几个方面,详细分析了玉米种子处理技术的应用方法,为玉米高产稳产奠定坚实的基础.     

Improved Information Value Model and Its Application in the Spatial Prediction of Landslides

Information Value Model is used frequently in domestic landslide hazard zonation prediction, which plays a very important role for land-use planning especially in mountain area. Through theoretical analysis, the prerequisite of Information Value Model which should be used with influence-factors independent from each other is studied. Factor Analysis is adopted to evaluate and eliminate the influence of correlation between influence-factors in spatial prediction of landslides which are showed through case study. Relationships between landslides and influence-factors are studied based on a certain watershed in which the Information Value Model and Factor Analysis are applied. The probability of landslides changes regularly with the influence-factors, and based on which a method for the discretization of influence-factors is advised. The distribution of landslide susceptibility of above watershed is calculated and validated based on the area-ratio index with landslides occurring in nearly 5 years, which proves the credibility of Information Value Model.     

A note on the temperature for maximum net gas production in an anaerobic digester system

The net gas production of an anaerobic digester system, in which digester heating is derived from combustion of biogas in a boiler, is analysed. It is shown that there is a critical feed-solids content below which it is optimal to operate at 25–30°C and above which it is optimal to operate at 40–44°C. For pig slurry this critical feed-solids content is about 3·5% in a system with no feed/effluent heat exchange. In principle, there is a second, higher, critical feed-solids content, above which it is optimal to operate in the thermophilic region. For cattle slurry, this may be in the region of 7·5% solids.     

Application of Modern Credit Risk Measurement and Management

A model of credit quantitative measurement and management widely used in foreign countries is introduced, and its limitation which appears while the model is used in China is analyzed. According to the chaos time serials constituted by various period credit grades' transition probability of an enterprise and the average value of its ratio of callback due to breach of faith, applying the theory of the chaos time serials and the local prediction method, a credit grades' transition matrix and a matrix of the average ratio of callback due to breach of faith is established. Which is applied to Chinese enterprises. Thus, a credit risk quantitative measurement and management model which is adapted to commercial bank is established, which is important in theory and practice.     

Application of at Algorithm in Shoe Last Deformation Design

Deformation design is main content of shoe last CAD system. This paper introduces adaptive tangency (AT) algorithm, which is used to calculate the sectional curve when a known plane section shoe last under a discrete model, and describes its application in shoe last deformation design. Shoe last data can be converted each other in shoe last deformation design, which ensures data format standardized in whole CAD procedure. The detailed algorithm in deformation design is fulfilled and an actual example is given, which shows AT algorithm's application is successful.     

Electrocircuit principle’s research of ring space array torque sensor’s reader head

Based on the principle of electromagnetic induction of exchange and the measurement principle of the ring space array torque which is related to the sphere symmetry, the measurement principle of a ring space array torque sensor is discussed which is fit for measuring in extreme environment. The reader head electrocircuit is designed which is combined with the problems on measurement of mechanical torque in extreme environment. The experimentation is emulated and the preferably satisfied result is gained.     

Research on a Novel Inverter of VSC

In order to improve waveform performance of light HVDC system, a lot of switches which operate in high frequency are used, which causes large switching losses and results high cost. A new Buck type voltage source converter(BVSC) is proposed. The new BVSC comprises a dual-buck converter and a three-phase inverter operating in grid frequency. Only two high frequency switches are used, which results good output waveform performance. In order to reduce the high frequency switching losses, a novel improved double-frequency Buck type voltage source converter(DBVSC) is also proposed. An additional dual-Buck converter is added to the BVSC, the added dual-Buck converter deals with the fundamental power that operates in low frequency, and BVSC only deals with harmonic power that operates in high frequency. The output waveform is enhanced and the switching losses are reduced in DBVSC, and the power rating is also increased. The DBVSC is very suitable for large power rating application. The one cycle control theory is adopted to control the proposed DBVSC with analog circuit, which is very simple. The proposed DBVSC and control method are verified by simulation.     

新型绿色农药5-氨基乙酰丙酸的应用及合成方法

5-氨基乙酰丙酸是一种新型农药,由于其在环境中易降解,无残留,对人蓄无毒性,所以是一种无公害的绿色农药而倍受关注,在农业领域应用非常广泛,主要应用于植物生长调节剂、绿色除草剂、杀虫剂等方面,还可以应用到医学、有机合成等方面。本文还对其国内、外的生物方法、化学方法合成研究现状做了分析总结,为δ-ALA在农业、医学等各个领域的应用推广提供了理论依据,为以后δ-ALA的合成方法研究提供了研究方向。     

设计性实验在细胞工程实验教学中的研究探索

细胞工程实验是细胞工程课程的重要组成部分,是一门实践性和综合性很强的实验。传统的实验模式比较单一,对于培养学生创新能力不利。而设计性实验以提高学生的综合素质、培养创新能力为教学目的。探讨了设计性实验在细胞工程学实验教学中的重要性及实施步骤,为进一步完善"细胞工程"教学改革奠定了基础。     

The importance of soil microbial activity for the supply of iron to sorghum and rape

It is generally accepted that soil microorganisms play an important role in producing siderophores which enhance the availability of soil Fe to higher plants. There is not much direct experimental evidence to support this supposition, however, because it is difficult to grow plants under sterile conditions over long periods. The object of this investigation was to test whether a sterile soil medium impairs Fe translocation from the soil to plant roots. The plant species selected are of agronomical importance, namely rape (Brassica napus L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). The latter a graminaceous species which is able to excrete phytosiderophores from the roots into the soil which allows Fe to be mobilized and transported to plant roots. Sorghum and rape were grown for 18 and 21 days, respectively, in a non-sterile soil (control) and in the same soil which was sterilized before plant cultivation. In a further treatment, the sterile grown rape plants were supplied with Fe EDDHA 1 week before harvest in order to test whether a poor growth of plants grown in the sterile soil was caused by an insufficient Fe supply. Plants cultivated on the sterile soil were significantly retarded in root and shoot growth. This was especially true for rape which produced very small leaves. Plants responded immediately to the Fe addition which induced a vigorous growth. This clearly shows that the poor growth in the sterile soil was caused at least in part by an insufficient Fe supply. In neither plant species was yellowing of young leaves observed as a symptom typical of insufficient Fe supply. From this follows that retardation of plant growth is a more sensitive indicator of an insufficient Fe supply than is yellowing of young leaves at least for rape and sorghum. This finding is of agronomical importance since a reduced growth because of insufficient Fe supply is much more difficult to identify as Fe deficieny than Fe chlorosis (yellow leaves). Iron concentrations in roots and leaves of the sterile grown plants were significantly lower than the corresponding concentrations in the non-sterile grown plants. From these findings it can be concluded that soil microbial activity is essential for Fe acquisition by soil-grown rape. Similarily, sorghum which is able to release siderophores from the roots, requires soil microbial activity to ensure satisfactory Fe supply.     

Adventitious shoots: Do they develop from one cell?

Summary One of the bottle-necks in mutation breeding of vegetatively propagated crops is the chimera formation after irradiation of multicellular apices in buds of vegetative material. This difficulty can be overcome with in vivo or in vitro adventitious bud techniques which, in combination with radiation, give almost exclusively solid, non-chimeric mutants and unmutated plants. This is usually explained on the basis of the ultimate development of the apex of adventitious shoots from single (epidermal) cells.To investigate whether chimera formation is a matter of chance as a result of which genotypically different cells form the apex of an adventitious shoot, a stochastic model has been developed which describes the process of apex formation and by which the expected relative chimera percentages E(RCP's) are calculated. The discrepancy between these RCP's and the actual figures obtained in various crops, either propagated in vivo or in vitro, leads to the postulate that the apex of the adventitious shoot is formed from only one (epidermal) cell of the meristem or the callus. Another possibility is thatapex formation is not a random process and that the first dividing cell, forming the future meristem or callus, soon occupies the major part of this meristem, on top of which a few cells (most likely genetically identical vegetative daughter cells-mutated or unmutated) form the apex of the adventitious shootlet.