氨基寡糖素诱导西瓜抗枯萎病研究

试验表明，随氨基寡糖素浓度增高诱导西瓜抗枯萎病的效果增强。其400倍和800倍的防治效果分别为60.96％和43.37％，部视茎部维束无病变或病变较轻，其地上部病指分别为29.35和39.52，而对照病指为69.79。植株健壮，根系发达，达到防病效果。     

氨基寡糖素对猕猴桃抗逆性诱导效果研究初报

免疫诱抗剂的应用是果树病虫害绿色防控技术体系的主要内容之一。以猕猴桃开花整齐度,花果的受害率、病叶率、单果重等评价指标分析免疫诱抗剂氨基寡糖素对猕猴桃抗逆、抗病诱导效果。试验示范结果表明,猕猴桃全生育期应用氨基寡糖素,对低温冻害等不良生长条件表现出较好的抗逆性,猕猴桃生理性状得到改善,果实品质提高,耐贮性增强,并有一定程度的增产。     

中生菌素和氨基寡糖素对西瓜枯萎病防治试验

通过室内和田间试验 ,评价了中生菌素和氨基寡糖素与多菌灵混用对西瓜枯萎病的防治效果。结果表明 ,中生菌素室内抑菌效果明显 ,与多菌灵混用的田间防效和西瓜增产率分别为 84.12 %和 10 4.6 1%,均极显著优于其他药剂处理。氨基寡糖素诱导西瓜抗枯萎病效果明显 ,盆栽试验发病轻 ,植株健壮 ,根系发达 ,田间试验防病增产效果显著。     

氨基寡糖素对贡柑抗病增产品质改善作用的研究

贡柑是德庆县及周边地区的主要经济作物,而炭疽病等病害及异常气候常对贡柑的生产构成威胁,常因疾病的流行而影响贡柑产量和果农的收入。为了探究氨基寡糖素在贡柑上的防病增产、品质改善等方面的作用,本文开展了氨基寡糖素在贡柑上的田间试验。试验分别选取贡柑的春梢萌动期、初花期、盛花期、生理落果期,实验组结合常规管理喷施5%氨基寡糖素AS1000倍液,对照组为不进行5%氨基寡糖素AS1000倍液喷施的常规管理,重复进行4次。结果表明,实验组在叶片数量、幼果数量、百叶鲜重以及叶色方面都显著优于对照组;实验组、对照组炭疽病的发病率分别为1.4%、10.3%;实验组、对照组的单果重分别为108.17g、86.85g,实验组增重率达24.55%;实验组果实果面光滑,果皮着色均匀;实验组较对照组酸度降低12.05%,Vc含量提高了29.74%,经过方差分析,这两项指标均差异显著。试验表明氨基寡糖素是一种能够提高贡柑的抗病性,并能提高产量、改善品质的化合物。     

枣果缩果病的克星——靓枣

我叫屈建华,山西万荣县光华乡小屈村人（电话：013100193775）,我家有枣园2．67hm^2,主要品种为冬枣、梨枣,本园也是山西省红枣协会试验园。建园8年来,效益还不错,只是近2～3年枣果的缩果病一直让我头疼。枣树一旦感病,减产相当严重,有时绝收。2008年初,我在报纸上看到杨凌大成农业科技有限公司生产的一种水溶肥料——靓枣,能有效预防枣果缩果病,就邮购了20瓶,想试用一下,看看效果。     

枣果开发在果业结构调整中应注意的几个问题

随着我国加入WTO（世界贸易组织），果树产业正面临着内部结构调整的巨大压力，大批劣质品种面临着被淘汰的命运。在这种情况下，随着国民经济的发展和人们对果品的食用需要，枣以其独特口味和营养受到广大消费者青睐。枣树以其投资少、见效快、耐贫瘠等优势备受果农瞩目，不少地方枣热已经升温，河北、天津、山东等地已掀起发展高潮。从现状来看，我国开发枣资源有着得天独厚的优势，发展枣树栽培，确实是一件利国利民的好事，我们就枣在果业结构调整及近年开发情况提出如下意见：１、适生问题枣树具有广泛的适应性和较强的抗逆性，无论…     

早熟抗裂果抗缩果病枣新品种‘八月脆’

‘八月脆’是从‘冬枣’的自然授粉实生后代中选育出的早熟枣新品种。果实近圆形,平均单果质量9.85g,可食率97.7%。脆熟期果实可溶性固形物含量34.8%,维生素C含量3.09mg · g^-1,干枣可溶性糖含量78.2%。抗裂果,抗缩果病。在河北省大名县8月中旬成熟,盛果期平均产量17.8t · hm^-2。适宜在河北省大名县、黄骅市和曲阳县及生态条件类似地区栽培。     

枣果炭疽病防治的最佳时期及措施

在7～9月之间,将感染炭疽病的枣树分成4个区,并对4个区进行仅补水、补水+补肥、补水+补肥+喷洒药物及不作任何处理.结果表明:综合使用水、肥、药使炭疽病枣数目明显减少,最终,染病枣果数减少到零.枣果炭疽病的最佳防治时期是7月中旬的果实膨大期,而到9月中、下旬再对感染炭疽病的枣果进行防治效果不佳.     

壳寡糖诱导和白粉菌侵染的辣椒叶片防御酶系活性研究

以遵义朝天椒为供试材料,用壳寡糖喷雾处理辣椒叶片后再接种辣椒白粉菌,系统地研究了壳寡糖对辣椒防御酶活性变化的影响。结果表明:壳寡糖喷雾处理辣椒后,辣椒叶片中多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性较对照都有明显增加,其中PPO和PAL峰值提前(处理后接种)。试验证明,壳寡糖处理后,随着酶活性增强,辣椒的系统抗病性得到表达,二者有一定的相关性。     

简述壳寡糖诱导蔬菜作物抗性上的研究进展

本文从壳寡糖与蔬菜作物抗病性、诱导环境胁迫抗性、种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,简要概述了其诱导效应及其作用机理,旨在通过综述壳寡糖在诱导蔬菜作物上的抗性研究,以期推进其理论研究与生产实践的融合。     

华光油桃解除休眠过程中几项生理指标的变化

研究了低温累积对华光油桃萌芽的影响以及花芽在自然休眠过程中几项生理指标的变化。结果显示,在低温诱导休眠解除的过程中,花芽内可溶性糖和淀粉含量在12月13日分别上升和下降,可溶性蛋白含量在此时出现谷值,游离脯氨酸含量休眠解除前由下降转为急剧上升,POD和SOD活性在12月13日分别出现高峰和低谷。表明这些参数可能与休眠解除有关。     

蓝莓叶片与抗旱性相关的解剖结构指标研究

为用叶片解剖结构指标评价蓝莓(Vaccinium spp.)的抗旱性提供科学依据,并为蓝莓抗旱性品种的选育提供便捷有效的方法,测定分析了蓝莓8个品种的7项与抗旱性相关的叶片解剖结构指标,分别为叶片主脉直径、叶片厚度、上表皮厚度、上表皮角质层厚度、栅栏组织厚度、叶片组织结构紧密度和气孔密度。方差分析结果显示,8个品种在每项叶片解剖结构指标上总体差异均为极显著。对各品种进行了两两之间的单因素多重比较,筛选出叶片厚度、上表皮厚度和上表皮角质层厚度3项主要指标,并用隶属函数值法对8个品种的抗旱性大小排序为:园蓝>阳光蓝>梯芙蓝>灿烂>密斯黛>南月>布里吉塔>蓝鸟。     

甜瓜幼苗耐冷性相关生理指标的综合评价

【目的】明确10个生理指标与甜瓜幼苗耐冷性的关系。【方法】以26份耐冷性差异明显的甜瓜种质为试材,分别测定在低温处理后各种质幼苗的电导率、丙二醛含量、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、游离脯氨酸含量、根系活力、POD活性、SOD活性、CAT活性等10个低温逆境相关的生理指标,采用基本统计量比较、灰色关联分析、相关分析、主成分分析等方法对耐冷性进行综合评价。【结果】在室内4℃低温处理48 h后种质间冷害指数差异最大,且达到极显著水平,不同种质之间各生理指标差异显著。其中丙二醛、游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量及电导率与耐冷性密切相关,具有较高的关联度和相关系数,且在主成分分析中对耐冷性的贡献率较大。基于这6个生理指标数据,聚类分析能将耐冷性不同的种质区别开。【结论】10个生理指标可简化为6个指标,即丙二醛、游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量及电导率,其中游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量可优先作为甜瓜耐冷性的评价指标,用于甜瓜耐冷性育种研究。     

The role of calcium in regulating photosynthesis and related physiological indexes of cucumber seedlings under low light intensity and suboptimal temperature stress

The response of photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity, and proline content to low light intensity and suboptimal temperature in Cucumis sativa L. seedlings pretreated with either distilled water, 10 mM CaCl₂, 1 mM LaCl₃, 3 mM ethyleneglycol-bis-(2-aminoethyl) tetraacetic acid (EGTA) or 0.05 mM chlorpromazine (CPZ) were investigated. The results showed that 10 mM CaCl₂ led to an increase in photosynthetic rate (Pn), carboxylation efficiency (CE), ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) activity, chlorophyll content, peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity, and proline content of cucumber seedlings under low light intensity and suboptimal temperature, in comparison with the distilled water-pretreated seedlings. However, LaCl₃, EGTA and CPZ were in contrast to CaCl₂. These results suggest that CaCl₂ has beneficial effect on photosynthetic adaptation to low light and suboptimal temperature stress in cucumber seedlings. This might be related to the observed increase in RuBPCase activity, alleviation of lipid peroxidation and enhancement of osmoregulation, with these effects being inhibited by LaCl₃, EGTA and CPZ.     

荔枝生产相关的水分生理指标远程监测研究

利用植物远程监测系统对荔枝园中的大气温湿度、土壤湿度、光照强度、大气蒸汽压差(VPD)等环境因子和茎干直径微变化、果实生长、叶片温度等树体生理指标进行了监测,发现该系统能准确及时并无伤害地记录他们的实时和周期性变化。据获得的数据初步表明,当果实处于快速膨大期,主茎的加粗生长明显缓慢,一旦果实采收后,茎干加粗生长则有一个迅速上升的变化;当土壤湿度高于33%(v/v)时,主茎的生长受到明显的抑制;VPD白天上升,夜间下降,当夜间VPD始终高于0,就形成所谓的“夜间干燥”,VPD的这种变化对荔枝主茎和果实的生长以及叶气温差(LATD)都有较大的影响,如主茎和果实的日间收缩量随VPD的增大而增大,夜间空气干燥不但抑制了主茎生长,也使日最大LATD下降。据此认为,果实和茎干的生长之间存在竞争关系,土壤湿度过高或者夜间空气干燥对荔枝的生长不利。     

Changes in calcium ion across plasma membrane by insulin related to the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To examine the effect of insulin on the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell and its possible mechanisms. METHODS:The human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line(HepG-2) was used to study the changes in calcium ion across plasma membrane (Ca²⁺APM)under the action of insulin by the assay of atomic absorption spectrum, and in the proliferation under the action of insulin and calcium ion antagonist (isoptin). RESULTS:The influx of Ca²⁺ APM and the proliferation was increased after insulin administration, but the proliferation was inhibited by isoptin. CONCLUSION:Changes in the homeostasis of calcium ion across plasma membrane was involved in the effect of insulin on the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma.     

Changes of aquaporin expression in blood-brain barrier induced by glioma cells

AIM:To investigate the effects of glioma cells on aquaporin expression in blood-brain barrier and their importance in pathophysiology.METHODS:A blood-brain barrier model was established by coculture of ECV304 and astrocytesin vitro. HPLC was used to determine the change of water transport ofin vitroblood-brain barrier model after the influence of glioma cells. The expression levels of AQP1 and AQP4 were analyzed by semiquatitative RT-PCR.RESULTS:Glioma cells decreased expression level of AQP4 of astrocytes and induced abnormal expression of aquaporin-1 in endothelial cell line. The water transport ofin vitroblood-brain barrier model from luminal side to abluminal side was increased after coculture with glioma cells.CONCLUSION:The vasogenic brain edema induced by glioma cells may not be the result of hyperpermeability of blood-brain barrier to macromolecules in plasma. The changes of aquaporin expression may be the molecular basis of brain edema induced by glioma cells.     

Mechanism of hepatic insulin resistance induced by high-fat diet

AIM: To observed the relationship between oxidative stress and development of insulin resistance in hepatic tissues of Sprague dawley(SD) rats by analyzing reactive oxygen species(ROS) level and NADPH oxidase 3(NOX3) expression in livers. METHODS: Four-week-old male SD rats were fed with high-fat diet containing 20% fat and 20% sucrose for 12 weeks to induce insulin resistance. Plasma insulin level was detected by radioimmunoassay. The content of liver intracellular glycogen was measured using a glycogen assay kit. ROS generation in the liver tissues was assessed by dihydroethidium(DHE) fluorescence. The expression of NOX3 was determined by Western blotting.RESULTS: After 12 weeks of high-fat diet feeding, the content of blood glucose was increased but still maintained in normal level in the rats. However, the index of insulin sensitivity obviously decreased. Hepatic glycogen content in the rats fed with high-fat diet was significantly decreased, indicating that insulin resistance developed. Enhanced ROS production in hepatic tissues of the rats fed with high-fat diet was observed. Importantly, the expression of NOX3 in the liver was up-regulated in response to high-fat diet in vivo.CONCLUSION: High-fat diet feeding decreases insulin sensitivity, enhances ROS level and NOX3 expression, and reduces glycogen content in the livers.     

外源脱落酸对大庆地区盐胁迫下甜瓜幼苗生理指标的影响

通过模拟大庆地区土壤盐胁迫环境,研究了不同浓度脱落酸对该环境下甜瓜幼苗生理指标的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫下甜瓜幼苗叶绿素a、b含量以及a/b值、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、根系活力降低,丙二醛含量升高;盐胁迫下,加入外源脱落酸可调节甜瓜幼苗的生长,1×10~(-7)mol·L~(-1)和1×10~(-6)mol·L~(-1)脱落酸处理能改善甜瓜各种生理指标,而高浓度外源脱落酸则增加了胁迫伤害程度。说明一定浓度范围的外源脱落酸能提高甜瓜耐盐性,缓解了大庆土壤盐胁迫环境对甜瓜幼苗的伤害。     

Changes of interleukin-6 in pulmonary hypertension mice induced by chronic hypoxic-hypercapnia

AIM: To investigated the changes of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the pulmonary hypertension mice induced by chronic hypoxic hypercapnia. METHODS: Sixteen male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 2 groups (8 mice in each group): normal control group and chronic hypoxic hypercapnia group. The mice in chronic hypoxic hypercapnia group were placed in a sealed chamber where O₂ concentration was kept at 9%~11%, and the CO₂ concentration at 5% ~6%, 8 h a day, 6 days a week for 4 weeks. The right ventricular (RV) weight, the weight of left ventricle plus ventricular septum (LV+S) were measured and right ventricular hypertrophy index was calculated. The structural changes of the pulmonary arteries were assessed by the method of histology with HE staining. The vessel wall diameter/total diameter (WT%) and the vessel wall area/total area (WA%) were analyzed by Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. The protein expression of IL-6 in the lungs of the mice was determined by immunohistochemistry and ELISA, and the mRNA expression of IL-6 in the lungs was determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Compared with control group, RV/(LV+S), MT%, MA% and the expression of IL-6 at mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased in chronic hypoxic hypercapnia group. CONCLUSION: In the environment of chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia, the expression of interleukin-6 was elevated in mouse lungs, which may closely related to the development of pulmonary hypertension.