共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 296 毫秒
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干旱是影响农业生产的重要灾害之一。利用转基因方法培育抗旱玉米新品种是一个有效的新手段。近年来,渗透调节物质合成相关基因、转录因子基因和信号传导相关基因在玉米抗旱转基因研究中获得新进展,同时伴侣蛋白基因、解毒酶相关基因、代谢相关基因和转运或通道蛋白基因在植物抗旱方面的作用机制研究正逐步推进,不但为玉米转基因抗旱研究提供了丰富的基因资源和基础材料,同时也为抗旱转基因玉米新品种培育奠定了坚实基础。归纳近年来基因工程技术在玉米抗旱研究方面的最新进展,结合相关研究工作,提出玉米抗旱转基因育种的思路和存在问题,为今后玉米的抗旱转基因研究提供参考。 相似文献
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大豆抗旱性的遗传改良研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
干旱是影响大豆产量重要限制因素,进行大豆抗旱性的遗传改良研究,培育抗旱高产大豆新品种是有效解决干旱胁迫的最有效途径.在调动C3作物大豆内在C4途径来提高光合效率的大豆高光效育种总体思路基础上,提出了大豆抗旱性遗传改良的两条技术路线,即转抗旱内源或外源基因的转基凶育种技术路线和高光效育种及回交转育的技术路线,并指出二者具有异曲同工、殊途同归的效果.同时着重论述了大豆品种抗旱性与丰产性关系,耐光氧化特性与抗旱性关系,植物抗旱相关基因研究概况及QTL标记辅助选择抗旱育种的方法.旨在为大豆抗旱性的遗传改良提供相关理论依据和技术支撑. 相似文献
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玉米对干旱的反应取决于新陈代谢能力、形态结构和生育阶段.开花期逢遇干旱使玉米产量下降幅度最大.随着产量下降,环境方差所占比例增大,遗传力降低,直接选择效率不高.在干旱条件下,寻找遗传力高且与产量高度相关的第二类性状,构建选择指标,可提高耐旱选择效率.雌雄开花间隔天数(ASI)和单株穗数是可供利用的第二类性状,对其选择所获得的产量增益,在干旱和正常水分条件下均可表现出来.耐旱育种目的在于改变基因型对干旱环境的反应,实现耐旱丰产目标.根据目标环境特征,设计适宜的耐旱选择程序,结合分子标记辅助选择技术,鉴定和利用现有优良耐旱种质和CIMMYT耐旱群体,是我国进行耐旱育种和种质改良的可选途径。 相似文献
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玉米抗旱性指标研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
干旱作为玉米生长发育最主要的非生物逆境因子,已成为限制玉米产量形成的关键生态因素,也是我国玉米产量产生波动的重要原因,对粮食生产安全构成严重威胁。玉米抗旱性是水分胁迫条件下表现出的一种复杂综合特性,其适应干旱的形态结构是长期进化的结果,其生理指标变化也是一系列适应性改变后的综合表现。当今水资源短缺日益成为突出问题,且对玉米造成干旱的外部因素较多。本文从鉴定方法、形态指标、生理生化等方面阐述玉米抗旱机制与鉴定方法,综述玉米抗旱性最新研究进展。发展抗旱性玉米研究,为创制选育新的耐旱种质提供支撑,最终提升玉米抵御干旱胁迫的能力,这对于保障玉米可持续生产、解决粮食安全具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Maize drought tolerance: Potential improvements through arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Due to long-term trends in global climate change and the expansion of maize production in drought-prone regions, the development of drought-tolerant maize varieties is of high importance, particularly for maize producers in developing nations where plant breeding improvements are more easily adopted than high-input agronomic practices. Prior advances in breeding for drought-tolerant maize have often involved selection for beneficial morpho-physiological traits such as a reduced anthesis-silking interval (ASI) and an improved harvest index (HI). Although maize is an effective host of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) in infertile and drought conditions, few maize breeding and physiological research programs have examined the potential of AM symbiosis to improve maize drought tolerance. The objective of this review is to highlight the morpho-physiological responses and potential mechanisms through which AM colonization might improve maize drought tolerance and, in doing so, to examine the potential of this symbiotic relationship to serve as an effective tool for improving cultivar drought tolerance. In this review, we briefly describe the general effects of AM symbiosis on plant water relations, and then extensively examine the effects of AM colonization on pre-flowering, flowering, and post-flowering maize morpho-physiology under drought-stress conditions in greenhouse and field settings. We then suggest potential areas for future research related to (a) the adoption of cropping practices promoting AM colonization and survival; (b) the further understanding of AM effects on maize morpho-physiology; and (c) the creation of AM-colonized, drought-tolerant maize cultivars through conventional breeding as well as molecular and genomic techniques. We conclude by discussing practical considerations associated with the use of AM for maize drought-stress research and large-scale, commercial maize production. 相似文献
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主成分分析对青贮玉米材料综合评价与筛选的研究 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
以26份不同青贮玉米自交系为材料,采用SPSS软件的主成分分析法,以青贮玉米高消化养分为核心,从农艺、品质和耐旱生理3个方面进行综合评估。结果表明:青贮材料J36、QUAN、Q318、1081等4份材料品质优,农艺性状好,光合能力强,综合表现好,适合在丘陵旱区作青贮玉米资源。材料共同特征为秸秆干物质产量和体外消化率高,穗位叶片最大光能转化率大,叶绿素含量较高。运用SPSS软件的主成分分析法评价结果与各份材料在生产种植及育种工作中情况基本吻合。 相似文献
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我国常用玉米自交系的耐旱性评价 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
2007年冬季和2008年春季分别在海南三亚和新疆乌鲁木齐对196份玉米自交系采用两种不同干旱胁迫处理,依据形态性状及产量相关性状评价其耐旱性。通过典型相关分析发现,株高、雌雄开花间隔天数(ASI)、单穗粒重和结实株数百分率4个性状可以作为玉米自交系耐旱性评价指标。采用因子分析方法,计算株高、雌雄开花间隔天数、单穗粒重和结实株数百分率4个性状的综合耐旱系数,对196份玉米自交系进行耐旱性评价,将试验材料分为耐旱、中度耐旱、中度干旱敏感和干旱敏感4种类型。两点试验耐旱级别完全一致的材料有58份,其中耐旱自交系有7份(H201、Mo113、英64、H21、早49、丹598、吉842);中度耐旱自交系有14份(丹黄02、8902、中106、郑22、中黄68、K22等),这些材料为耐旱育种提供了种质基础。 相似文献
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我国玉米杂交种耐旱性评价与分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以我国目前生产应用的玉米杂交种为材料,在干旱处理和浇水(对照)条件下,根据成熟期产量和产量构成因素的耐旱指数分析其耐旱性。以耐旱指数为依据将供试材料分为高、中、低3种抗旱类型,表现高抗旱的材料有成单30、川单21、川单25、川单27、丹玉39、登海9、高农901、冀玉9、晋单42、农大108、强盛31、先玉335、新丹2100和豫玉26;表现中抗旱的材料有东德9号、吉单209、浚单20、蠡玉16、临奥1号、鲁单9002、鲁玉13、农大3138、强盛5、铁单10、秀青73-1和中单2号。不同材料的耐旱性表现不同,不同性状的耐旱性也表现不同,说明玉米耐旱性改良具有较大潜力。 相似文献
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Drought stress is a serious limiting factor to rice production,which results in huge economic losses.It is becoming a more serious issue with respect to the global climate change.Keeping in view of the current and forecasted global food demand,it has become essential to enhance the crop productivity on the drought-prone rainfed lands with priority.In order to achieve the production target from rainfed areas,there is a requirement of rice varieties with drought tolerance,and genetic improvement for drought tolerant should be a high priority theme of research in the future.Breeding for drought tolerant rice varieties is a thought-provoking task because of the complex nature and multigenic control of drought tolerant traits would be a major bottleneck for the current research.A great progress has been made during last two decades in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in adaptation and tolerance to drought stress in rice.In this review,we highlighted the recent progresses in physiological,biochemical and molecular adaptation of rice to drought tolerance.A brief discussion on the molecular genetics and breeding approaches for drought tolerance in rice will be focused for the future crop improvement program for development of drought tolerant rice varieties. 相似文献