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海虾养殖的水质要求和管理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
海虾养殖的水质要求和管理Yew-huChien(台湾海洋大学水产养殖系,基隆)导言充分的、合乎标准要求的水源供应对各种水产养殖都必不可少,水质影响着水生生物的繁殖、成长乃至生存。评判水质好坏的标准依水生生物的种类不同而不同,并确立一套安全标准。对虾类... 相似文献
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为了充分发挥浙江省沿海河口围垦区的养殖条件优势,促进海虾淡化养殖技术的推广和发展,以避免病害侵扰和海水养虾的困境,进一步提高养虾产量和效益,笔者进行了刀额新对虾(Metapenaeus ensis)和斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon Fabricius)的苗种淡化生产技术研究,取得了一定的经济效益和社会效益. 相似文献
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鱼籽即雌鱼卵巢成熟所产生的卵子,蛋白质含量高,原料污染少,成品口感好,是一种非常有营养的食物,它们中的许多物质是人体不能自行合成的,例如氨基酸中的苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸;不饱和脂肪酸中的多烯脂肪酸;各种维生素,包括脂溶性的维生素A、D、E、K、Q和水溶性的维生素B1、B2、泛酸、叶酸、生物素、B6、B12和Vc;微量元素包括氯、镁、锌、铁、硫、钙、钾、钠、碘、铜、钴和硒等,以及核酸的基本单位核苷酸.另外,鱼卵中含有丰富的ω-3不饱和脂肪酸,其中二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)具有调节血脂、增强记忆力的保健功能,是高血脂人群最理想的保健食品.但是鱼籽碎小,表面积大,所以容易与氧气接触、容易腐败变质.传统的储藏方法是以冷冻为主,但低温条件下,部分细菌仍能生长,分解消耗营养物质,并且冷藏后解冻容易造成营养物质的损失和风味品质的下降. 相似文献
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“虾鲜宝”防止海虾黑变的试验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用美国辉瑞有限公司生产的“虾鲜宝”进行了毛虾和条虾的防黑试验,结果是:(1)常温贮藏试验中,存放7小时后,试验组的黑变率仅为15%与0%,对照组为86%与9%;在速冻贮藏试验中,贮藏7天,30天和60天后解冻,毛虾试验组的黑变率明显低于对照组,其比率下降26%-39%;条虾均无黑变,且试验组的虾体比对照组明亮,无腥味。(2)“虾鲜宝”具有与虾体内的多酚氧化酶牢固结合,使酶失去活性,防止虾体黑变的 相似文献
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海虾养殖的水质要求和管理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
海虾养殖的水质要求和管理(二)溶氧据Liao和Murai(1986)报导,斑节对虾在溶氧3.0~4.0mg/L、盐度为4‰~45‰、温度20~30℃之间可保持正常的呼吸频率。当溶氧水平降到1.5~2.1mg/L开始出现浮头现象;低于这个水平,随着溶氧... 相似文献
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海虾养殖的水质要求和管理(三)硫化氢在厌氧条件下,某些异养菌利用硫酸盐或其它含硫的氧化物新陈代谢,并泄出硫化物中的电离物。在沉定物中,氧化还原作用是将硫酸盐还原为硫化物的一个支配因素(Connel & Patrick 1968)。硫化氢在水中以非电离的H2... 相似文献
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海虾养殖的水质要求和管理(四) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
海虾养殖的水质要求和管理(四)浮游植物管理浮游植物的群落结构在稳定池塘生态系及减少水质变动方面起着重要作用。浮游植物白天光合作用,使水体富含氧气,并减少二氧化碳、铵、亚硝酸盐和硫化氢。它还能束缚住重金属,削弱阳光直射到池底,抑制丝状藻类的生长。一定密... 相似文献
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为了充分发挥浙江省沿海河口围垦区的养殖条件优势,促进海虾淡化养殖技术的推广和发展,以避免病害侵扰和海水养虾的困境,进一步提高养虾产量和效益,笔者进行了刀额新对虾和斑节对虾的苗种淡化生产技术研究,取得了一定的经济效益和社会效益,现将相关技术总结如下。 相似文献
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淡水青虾立体养殖操作技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
淡水青虾学名日本沼虾,因其味道鲜美,营养丰富,深受人们的喜爱,而传统的池塘养殖淡水青虾方式因受到各方面条件的限制,产量商品率及效益都较低。我市通过几年来的试验养殖及进一步的推广实践,成功地总结出了一整套完整的淡水青虾立体养殖技术,使淡水青虾产量较一般的传统养殖方式提高50%五右,技术的突破带动了我市淡水青虾的发展,青虾已经成为我市水产名特优产品中的主要品种。1999年全市淡水青虾专养面积达到9302.7亩、总产商品虾913.05吨,平均亩产981公斤,其中青虾立体养殖面积达到2490亩,总产商品虾323.4吨,平均亩产达1… 相似文献
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R. WOUTERS B. ZAMBRANO M. ESPIN J. CALDERON P. LAVENS & P. SORGELOOS 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2002,8(4):249-256
In the first experiment, conducted in a research facility, Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock were fed either a 100% fresh food control treatment (FRE, consisting of frozen squid, oyster, mussel and enriched Artemia biomass in a 2.3:1.4:1.3:1 dry matter ratio) or one of the two treatments in which 50% [dry matter (DM)] of the fresh food was substituted with experimental artificial diets: a dry diet based on freeze-dried Artemia biomass (ART) and a control dry diet (CON). In the second experiment, conducted in a commercial hatchery, shrimp broodstock were fed either a fresh ration (FRE, consisting of frozen squid, polychaetes and enriched Artemia biomass in a 2.5:1.5:1 DM ratio) or the same experimental artificial diets (ART and CON) replacing 50% of the DM by elimination of polychaetes and Artemia biomass. In experiment 1 treatments CON and ART produced better results ( P =0.05) than treatment FRE in terms of spawn performance and egg production per female. In experiment 2 no differences were detected among treatments FRE and CON whereas treatment ART performed better ( P =0.05) in terms of spawning, egg production per female and spermatophore quality. Broodstock survival and offspring quality did not differ between treatments in either experiment. 相似文献
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2001年5~7月,在深圳东海岸水产公司南澳半封闭式斑节对虾Penaeus monodom精养基地,进行了有益微生物的应用对虾塘总异养细菌和弧菌数量影响的调查研究。结果表明,对虾养成过程中,施用有益微生物的实验组虾塘水体中总异养细菌和弧菌数量明显较未施用的对照组虾塘低,但各虾塘水体中总异养细菌和弧菌数量的变化特征基本相同,即在养殖前期,虾塘水体中总异养细菌和弧菌数量均较稳定,并处于相对较低的水平;而在养殖中、后期,总异养细菌和弧菌数量均急剧升高,尤以对照组虾塘的升幅最大,其弧菌数量甚至超过100×102CFU.mL-1的对虾发病之弧菌数量临界值。实验组与对照组虾塘中表层沉积物中,总异养细菌和弧菌数量差异不大,总异养细菌和弧菌数量变化特征也基本相同,但实验组与对照组之间有所差异,其中实验组表现为双峰型的变化特征,峰值出现在养殖前期或中期和养殖将结束时;对照组则呈单峰型变化,峰值均出现在养殖中期。有益微生物的应用对虾塘水体中总异养细菌和弧菌数量的抑制效果较对沉积环境中的效果明显。 相似文献
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近年来由于日本对虾的价格远高于同规格的中国对虾,故在北方地区兴起了养殖日本对虾的热潮,从而引发了对日本对虾苗种的大量需求。使许多过去进行中国对虾苗种生产的育苗单位改为进行日本对虾苗种的培育。本文就中国对虾与日本对虾在苗种繁育的方法方面进行了一些比较。(一)亲虾培育1亲虾来源:中国对虾的亲虾来源主要有经养殖虾越冬培育而成鹏称越冬虾以自然海区捕捞的亲虾;而日本对虾育苗所用亲虾全部来源于自然海区捕捞。2暂养水温:中国对虾亲虾暂养温度一般首先控制在14℃以下,这有利于亲虾的恢复.然后再逐步升温至18℃,促进性… 相似文献
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对虾池封闭式三元综合养殖的实验研究↑(*) 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用海水陆基围隔实验法探讨以对虾为主的中国对虾( Penaeus chinensis) 、罗非鱼( O.mossabicus×O.niloticus) 和缢蛏( Sinonovacula constricta) 投饵混养的最佳结构及N、P 的利用率等,并比较其养殖效果。结果表明,对虾的成活率、规格和净产量分别为70 .74 ~81 .95 % 、9 .16 ~10 .21 g/ind 和485 .4 ~567 .6kg/hm2 ;罗非鱼的出塘规格和净产量为202 .4 ~242 .5 g/ind 和66 .9 ~191 .9 kg/hm2 ;缢蛏的出塘规格和净产量分别为5 .23 ~6 .12 g/ind 和140 .4 ~456 .5 kg/hm2 。最佳结构与放养个体数的配比为对虾7 .21 ind/m2( 体长2 cm 左右) 、罗非鱼( 体重150 g 左右)0 .08 ind/m 2 和缢蛏( 壳长3 cm 左右)14 ind/m2 组,其N、P的总利用率为23 .39 % 和14 .66 % 。 相似文献
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Shrimp disease management using bioactive marine secondary metabolites (MSMs) was developed as a package of practice for the sustainable shrimp farming. Therefore, the effect of MSMs on the host defense factors of shrimp was evaluated in the present study. Findings indicated that Ulva diet significantly increase the defense factors such as haemogram, agglutination index, phagocytic rate, bacterial clearance and serum bactericidal activity of treated shrimps over the control group. Based on the gut bacterial load, Ulva diet was considered as proactive drug whereas Dendrilla diet was determined as a curative agent. 相似文献
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Abstract. Tests were performed to measure the efficacy of formalin in reducing peritrichous ciliates on the surface of cultured marine shrimp. The tests were conducted at concentrations above and below those being used in shrimp culture and were designed to define the concentration providing the most effective rapid reduction of ciliates. Penaeus stylirostris Stimpson,'preconditioned' in a single large tank, were divided equally (after diagnosis of significant ciliate epifaunation) into ten 1000 litre fibreglass tanks; each received 235 shrimp of 10–15 g average weight. These tanks were divided into five treatments: 0, 12·5, 25, 50 and 100 ppm; two replicates per treatment. Treatments were conducted under static conditions for 4 h. Ciliate levels were measured on day 0 (pretreatment) and days 1, 2 and 7 post-treatment. Formalin at 25, 50 and 100 ppm was demonstrated to be effective in reducing ciliates, while 12·5 ppm did not differ from the control (0 ppm). In addition, the higher the level of formalin used (within the effective range), the more pronounced was the initial ciliate reduction and the longer was the protection from further ciliate epifaunation. 相似文献
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Paul A. Sandifer Addison L. Lawrence Susan G. Harris George W. Chamberlain Alvin D. Stokes William A. Bray 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1984,41(2):181-187
Electrical stimulation (4–6 V AC) applied near the male gonopores at the base of the fifth pereopods caused expulsion of the spermatophore in Penaeus setiferus, P. stylirostris, and P. vannamei. For healthy animals, some degree of spermatophore expulsion occurred in 80% of the attempts. Complete expulsion of one or both spermatophores occurred in only 47% (29–65%, depending on species). Shrimp with melanized terminal ampullae generally did not expel a spermatophore following electrical stimulation. The technique needs further refinement for routine use with penaeids. 相似文献