家兔产气荚膜梭菌(A)型疫苗超纳滤膜浓缩工艺研究

采用超纳滤技术浓缩家兔产气荚膜梭菌(A)型疫苗,建立家兔产气荚膜梭菌(A)型疫苗浓缩工艺。配制家兔产气荚膜梭菌(A)型超纳滤浓缩疫苗,并对其无菌性、安全性和免疫效力进行了检验。结果显示,该工艺可将家兔产气荚膜梭菌(A)型灭活抗原浓缩约7倍,超纳滤膜用NaOH洗后其通量可以恢复;配制的家兔产气荚膜梭菌(A)型超纳滤浓缩疫苗无菌检验合格,安全检验家兔无不良反应,符合动物用生物制品要求;以2 mL/只的剂量免疫家兔,家兔产气荚膜梭菌(A)型超纳滤浓缩疫苗的保护率达100%,传统铝胶疫苗对照组的保护率平均为86.7%,表明超纳滤浓缩疫苗免疫效力优于传统铝胶疫苗。确定了家兔产气荚膜梭菌病(A)型疫苗超纳滤膜膜浓缩的工艺。     

兔病毒性出血症与A型魏氏梭菌二联苗的研究

将兔病毒性出血症疫苗与浓缩的A型魏氏梭菌菌苗按1：1混合制成联苗。试验证明，此苗安全有效。联苗2ml／只免疫，兔病毒性出血症第4天可产生免疫力，保护率为100％；A型魏氏梭菌21天产生免疫力，保护率为82．14％。     

兔病毒性出血症与多杀性巴氏杆菌病二联灭活疫苗的试制和效果

兔病毒性出血症、多杀性巴氏杆菌病二联灭活疫苗于江苏省农业科学院兽医研究所畜禽生物制品研究开发中心试制5批，计100余万头份。疫苗效力试验对兔病毒性出血症总保护率为100％；对兔多杀性巴氏杆菌病总保护率为95％。疫苗于苏、鲁、皖、浙、沪、晋、闽、津等省、市养兔单位应用，据反馈信息表明，疫苗安全、有效。确认本疫苗的生产工艺成熟、可行，可进行工厂化生产。所生产的二联苗能有效预防该两病的发生。     

兔病毒性出血症、巴氏杆菌病二联蜂胶灭活苗的研制

应用兔出血症病毒(RHDV)和巴氏杆菌(Pm)联合研制而成的蜂胶佐剂灭活苗,用 1 mL 免疫试验兔,免疫后第 5d,对 RHDV 保护率达 100%(5/5);免疫后第 14d,对巴氏杆菌的保护率达 100%(4/4),第 7d 即产生较强的免疫力。T 细胞总玫瑰花环形成率(Et率)、活性玫瑰花环形成率(Ea率)的测定结果表明:蜂胶具有提高机体细胞免疫功能的作用;通过 HI 法监测兔病毒性出血症抗体水平,结果表明:蜂胶苗产生抗体时间较早,第 7d 抗体效价可达到较高水平(26.8),第 21 d 达到高峰(28.8)。     

兔流行性腹胀病样品中产气荚膜梭菌的分离鉴定

从发生典型病理特征的兔流行性腹胀病死亡兔盲肠内容物中分离到1株产气荚膜梭菌,命名为SD14-02。经革兰氏染色、生化鉴定、16S rRNA比对和毒素型特异性PCR等方法对分离细菌进行鉴定和分型,结果显示,分离株SD14-02为革兰氏阳性杆菌,生化鉴定显示其符合产气荚膜梭菌的生化图谱。经系统发育分析,SD14-02的16S rRNA基因序列与产气荚膜梭菌位于同一分支。经毒素型特异性PCR方法鉴定,SD14-02为A型产气荚膜梭菌,蛋白电泳显示其与A型产气荚膜梭菌疫苗株苏84-A存在一定差异。动物试验证明SD14-02对小鼠具有致病性。研究结果为兔流行性腹胀病致病原的进一步研究奠定了基础。     

仔猪红黄痢疫苗的最小免疫剂量、免疫持续期和保存期试验

用大肠杆菌K88、K99、987P菌株和C型产气荚膜梭菌制备成仔猪大肠杆菌病、C型产气荚膜梭菌病二联灭活疫苗(仔猪红黄痢疫苗),以不同剂量的疫苗免疫怀孕母猪,然后对其所产仔猪用发病剂量的相应菌株进行攻毒,同时将连续3批疫苗置2～8℃保存,分别于保存后的不同时间取样进行保存期试验。结果发现,用1.6mL以上剂量疫苗免疫组仔猪的攻毒保护率均在80%以上。通过对免疫母猪所产的1、4、7和10日龄仔猪进行攻毒,仔猪的攻毒保护率均不低于80%,说明疫苗免疫产生期为仔猪吸食初乳后24h内,仔猪被动免疫持续期为7d以上。疫苗保存期检测结果显示,疫苗保存27个月后,疫苗的性状检验合格,对怀孕母猪安全,疫苗免疫母猪所产仔猪攻毒保护率均不低于80%。因此,确定疫苗的最小免疫剂量为1.6mL,仔猪被动免疫持续期为7d以上,疫苗保存期为2～8℃保存24个月。     

草食动物魏氏梭菌病的诊断及防治

正魏氏梭菌病又叫产气荚膜梭状芽胞杆菌病、肠毒血症、肠出血症、猝死症、软肾病等,对畜牧业造成很大损失。魏氏梭菌又名产气荚膜梭状芽胞杆菌,在自然界广泛存在,G+厌氧,是一种条件致病菌,主要感染猪、羊、马、牛、鸡和兔等畜禽,患病动物以出现     

简述兔出血症疫苗的生产流程

正目前用于预防兔出血症的疫苗主要有兔病毒性出血症组织灭活疫苗、兔出血症-巴氏杆菌二联灭活疫苗和兔出血症-巴氏杆菌-魏氏梭菌三联灭活疫苗。兔出血症-巴氏杆菌二联灭活疫苗最常用。1兔出血症组织灭活疫苗1.1种毒从自然发病死亡兔中分离鉴定。0.5ml能使青年兔100%死亡。HA效价14log2以上。具有兔病毒性出血症的典型特征。1.2制造要点选择非免疫的健康青年兔,人工接种RHDV强毒,接种剂量0.5ml/只,肌肉注射。无菌采取死亡兔的肝脏、脾     

兔病毒性出血症伴发绿脓杆菌病的诊治

1994年12月某免疫兔场发生疫病.经诊断为兔病毒性出血症病毒与绿脓杆菌混合感染所致.1 发病情况某兔场有仔兔(?)只,(?)过兔瘟(?)巴氏杆菌杆菌—魏氏梭菌三联苗.1994年12月仔兔长至(?)月龄时约有1/4开始发病,病兔表现精神沉郁,食欲减退或不食.体温升高.呼吸急促,患兔有血样稀便,鼻孔流血,多于1～2d死亡.剖检见气管、肺出血明显.肝肿大出血.十二指肠充满血样液体,肠道内尤其十二指肠,空肠粘膜出血严重2 实验室诊断2.1 病毒学检查 取3只病兔肝分别磨碎后用灭菌生理盐水制成10%悬液,在96孔V型(?)量滴定板上按常规法用人O型血进行红细胞凝集(HA)试验,其凝集价2份(2/3)为1:1024,3份(3/5)为1:256,证明病料中均含有病毒.用已知兔病毒性出血症阳性血清按常规法进行红细胞凝集抑制试验(HI),结果以上病料中病毒的血凝性均被血清抑制,说明病料中的病毒为兔病毒性出血症病毒.     

兔病毒性出血症和巴氏杆菌病二联苗的研制——Ⅱ.二联苗的免疫产生期和保存期的测定

本文报告兔病毒性出血症(兔瘟)和巴氏杆菌病二联苗的免疫产生期,以及疫苗保存在不同条件下,经不同时间后的免疫效果。 一、免疫产生期的测定 前已测定,兔瘟灭活苗和巴氏杆菌灭活苗的单苗免疫产生期分别为5～7天和10～15天。本试验用二联苗测免疫产生期,方法是用3批二联苗,每批免疫兔24只,每兔皮下注射联苗2毫升,于免疫后7、10、15天,分别攻击强毒,测定其免疫力产生期。     

Segregation of form, color, movement, and depth: anatomy, physiology, and perception

Anatomical and physiological observations in monkeys indicate that the primate visual system consists of several separate and independent subdivisions that analyze different aspects of the same retinal image: cells in cortical visual areas 1 and 2 and higher visual areas are segregated into three interdigitating subdivisions that differ in their selectivity for color, stereopsis, movement, and orientation. The pathways selective for form and color seem to be derived mainly from the parvocellular geniculate subdivisions, the depth- and movement-selective components from the magnocellular. At lower levels, in the retina and in the geniculate, cells in these two subdivisions differ in their color selectivity, contrast sensitivity, temporal properties, and spatial resolution. These major differences in the properties of cells at lower levels in each of the subdivisions led to the prediction that different visual functions, such as color, depth, movement, and form perception, should exhibit corresponding differences. Human perceptual experiments are remarkably consistent with these predictions. Moreover, perceptual experiments can be designed to ask which subdivisions of the system are responsible for particular visual abilities, such as figure/ground discrimination or perception of depth from perspective or relative movement--functions that might be difficult to deduce from single-cell response properties.     

Values,technologies, and epistemology

The aim of this paper is to make possible dialogue between those who claim that technologies are coded with social, political, or ethical values and those who argue that they are value-neutral. To demonstrate the relevance of this bridge-building project, the controversy regarding agrifood biotechnology will be used as a case study. Drawing on work by L. H. Nelson about the nature of human knowledge-building enterprises and E. F. Kittay’s account of the relationally-constituted self, the argument will be made that all technologies embody the values of the communities that created them. Zahra Meghani is an assistant professor in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Rhode Island. Her research interests are philosophy of technology, feminist theory (especially feminist epistemology and feminist philosophy of science), normative ethics, practical ethics (especially health care ethics), disability issues, and political theory.     

Mineralogy, petrology, and surface features of lunar samples 10062,35, 10067,9, 10069,30, and 10085,16

The primary rocks are a sequence of titanium-rich basic volcanics, composed of clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and ilmenite with minor olivine, troilite, and native iron. The soil and microbreccias are respectively loose and compacted mixtures of fragments and aggregates of similar rocks, minerals, and glassy fragments and spheres. Impact events are reflected by the presence of shock metamorphosed rock fragments, breccias, and glasses and their resulting compaction to form complex breccias, glass-spattered surfaces, and numerous glass-lined craters. Chemistry of the glasses formed by the impact events is highly variable, and the high iron and nickel content of a few moundlike features suggests that at least some of the projectiles are iron and nickel-rich meteorites.     

Research and development, productivity, and inflation

R & D, through its effects on the rate of productivity increase, can significantly restrain the rate of inflation in the medium and long run. High rates of inflation damage the workings of the price system and impair the efficiency of practically all economic activities, including R & D. Findings suggest that the percentage increase between 1969 and 1979, in total real R & D expenditures, has been exaggerated due to the inadequacy of the gross national product deflator as applied to R & D.