最新出版物

中国林科院“林业与社会信息网”与贵州省PRA网络于2004年5月31日在贵阳共同举办了“传统知识与社区林业研讨会”。在研讨会上,首先由国家林业局世行中心何丕坤高级工程师做了关于“乡土知识的实践与发掘”专题讲座,他对为什么要进行乡土知识研究、乡土知识的概念、乡土知识的研究内容、乡土知识的主要特征和乡土知识与科学知识的差异等方面进行了详     

风景园林学视野下的阿者科哈尼族乡土景观研究

在美丽中国、生态文明、乡村振兴等时代背景下,乡土景观研究的重要性日益凸显。在系统分析风景园林学科体系下乡土景观研究现状的基础上,提出了一种基于风景园林学科核心内容和根本使命的乡土景观研究新框架。以云南阿者科哈尼族乡土景观为例,从宏观、中观和微观3个层面系统研究了其空间组成结构,进而研究了阿者科哈尼族人与自然关系的定位及互动方式。最后探讨了基于上述研究成果,利用风景园林学理论展开相关后续研究内容的实践途径,并提出此新框架不仅拓展乡土景观的研究视野,也有助于风景园林学科的发展。     

云南社区森林的乡土知识及传承--临沧地区云县后箐乡勤山小流域案例研究

云南是少数民族的主要聚集地，社区森林的乡土知识在当地的历史环境中不断延续和发展。以云县后箐乡勤山小流域为例，从传统观念、非木材林产品利用和农林复合系统等方面介绍了该地乡土知识的利用情况，分析了乡土知识与森林可持续发展的关系，讨论了乡土知识传承的现状和面临的问题。     

乡土知识论坛在昆明举行

由CBIK(云南省生物多样性和传统知识研究会 )、云南林业生态工程规划院、云南PRA网森林小组和中国林科院“林业与社会信息网”联合举办的“CBIK论坛暨乡土知识论坛”于 2 0 0 4年 2月 4日在昆明举行。来自中国、英国、美国、澳大利亚 13个不同单位的从事生物多样性与乡土知识研究的专家学者共 46人参加了会议。论坛由CBIK副主任钱洁主持 ,首先由中科院昆明植物所许建初博士介绍了乡土知识研究的基本概念、社会文化影响和当前乡土知识研究的动态。许博士认为乡土知识首先是一种价值观和世界观 ,它是有别于社会主流思想的、被社会边缘化…     

浅谈乡土植物在森林重庆建设中的作用

本文从乡土植物的特点、重庆乡土植物资源概况、乡土植物的优势、开发乡土植物的意义等方面论述了乡土植物在森林重庆建设的作用和意义，并针对乡土植物推广利用的现状，提出了推广利用乡土植物的几条措施和途径。     

云南热区乡土阔叶树种的现状及发展

在总结云南热区乡土阔叶树种发展优势及研发现状的基础上,分析了乡土阔叶树种在培育人工混交林方面的生态优越性及云南热区林业发展存在的问题。根据树种特性,并结合云南的实际,探讨了乡土阔叶树种在云南热区的开发利用前景。     

乡土景观符号的提取与其在乡土景观中的应用

本文对符号在乡土景观的衷征意义上进行了相关研究。从乡土景观符号的概念与演变入手,介绍了符号,文化与乡土景观之间的关系,说明地域文化传承与乡土景观符号提取之间的相互联系,强调乡土景观符号在文脉延续上的重要;从自然环境,人文环境,材料和技术等切入点入手,讨论如何提取与传承乡土景观符号,并将其应用到乡土景观建设中,最后,结合北京市延庆县西小庄各村整体规划设计实例,提出应从环境调查,文脉梳理,符号创作和公众参与等方面进行乡土景观符号的创作,为不同地域乡土景观符号的提取与应用提供可参考的模式。     

乡土元素在杭州梅家坞农家乐景观中的应用

以杭州梅家坞村为例,在分析乡土元素的分类与特点的基础上,从景观主题、景观布局、景观营造等方面详细阐述了梅家坞村乡土元素的应用情况及存在的问题,并对农家乐的发展提出建议。     

浅谈乡土树种在园林中的应用

我国乡土树种资源丰富、适应性强、栽植容易成活,但是近年来在园林绿化中应用很少。本文分析了乡土树种园林应用现状和存在问题,提出了乡土树种园林应用技术研究的具体措施,对于在园林绿化中推广应用乡土树种具有帮助作用。     

浅析文化遗产保护学科在高等林业院校的发展

20世纪60年代建立的世界文化遗产保护体系经80年代以来的迅速发展,特别是进入21世纪后10多年,文化遗产保护的领域及涉及的相关学科得到了快速的发展。而依托考古学及建筑学等学科进行的高校文化遗产保护教育已经难以满足诸如文化景观、历史园林、乡土遗产等与土地景观关系密切的特定遗产类型的研究及保护需要,这成为林业院校风景园林、园林设计、植物学等学科的发展优势,并为参与文化遗产保护领域的研究工作提供契机。从文化遗产保护发展趋势的角度,结合林业院校文化遗产保护学科的现状,论述了林业院校在文化遗产保护中的学科优势及特点,浅析了林业院校参与文化遗产保护的必要性和潜能,以期帮助学生在学习和研究方面拓展专业知识和就业方向。     

Understanding an indigenous knowledge system for tree fodder via a multi-method on-farm research approach

Understanding the dynamics of indigenous resource management systems can benefit natural resource development efforts and contribute to effective on-farm agroforestry research initiatives. This paper reports on the authors' investigation of an indigenous knowledge systems for the management, cultivation, and use of private tree fodder resources in a community in the middle hills of Central Nepal. It focuses on the methods used to develop an understanding of the cognitive systems used by farmers in this community to classify and evaluate tree fodder. A participatory multi-method research approach was employed to overcome many of the limitations of traditional survey research. The approach centered on the use of the repertory grid method within the framework of personal construct theory. Repertory grid results were analyzed in conjunction with data collected from participant observation, a formal household survey, an inventory of privately grown trees, and ethnographic interviews. This integrated analysis resulted in an understanding of the indigenous knowledge system for the management of tree fodder resources.     

Compatibility and complementarity of indigenous and scientific knowledge of wild plants in the highlands of southwest Saudi Arabia

This study presents a survey of wild plants commonly used by local inhabitants in the highlands of southwest Saudi Arabia. Based upon literature review, direct observation of local inhabitants, and questionnaire interviews, 36 plant species were assessed and given scores according to their use. The gaps between scientific and indigenous knowl- edge on the use of plants were estimated using a ＂compatibility ratio＂. The score values were estimated based on seven different use categories of ecosystem services, including food, forage, medicine, wood, beekeeping, research, and education. Additional structural categories include source of materials, shade, hedges, ornamental plantings, and soil stabilization. There are discrepancies between indigenous knowledge （IK） and scien- tific knowledge （SK） but in most cases, SK of the species supports the IK and plant users preference. The results also provide information that challenges assumptions about the consistency of IK with SK. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the cultural context and uses of wild plants. Biodiversity-based knowledge holds promise for contributing to sustainable use of wild plant resources and related traditions. The success of such endeavours depends on the compatibility and complementarity of indigenous and scientific knowledge.     

Participatory technology development for incorporating non-timber forest products into forest restoration in Yunnan,Southwest China

Indigenous knowledge has become a topic of considerable interest within the research and development environment. Incorporating indigenous knowledge into state-led ‘top-down’ conservation and development programmes, however, is still a great challenge. This paper presents a case from Yunnan, Southwest China, in which indigenous knowledge has been integrated into the development of an agroforestry model with non-timber forest products for the Sloping Land Conservation Programme (SLCP) by using a participatory technology development (PTD) approach. This approach was adopted to increase the likelihood that technologies developed would be suitable for resource-poor households. It is expected that integrating indigenous and scientific knowledge, will lead to positive ecological and economic outcomes. Finally, the paper argues that the integration of indigenous knowledge in both forestry policy formulation and implementation is important in the context of sustainable forest management in mountain areas.     

孟加拉国么偌(Mro)部落的房屋格局和饮食习性:一种依靠森林的观点(英文)

通过半探问的方式,采用不同的参与评估法对36户么偌人分3组进行了评估。么偌部落严重依赖森林资源,在房屋格局和饮食习性方面形成了特殊的本土文化。图2表2参31。     

Fallow to forest: Applying indigenous and scientific knowledge of swidden cultivation to tropical forest restoration

Rotational swidden cultivation systems, with fallow periods long enough for the regeneration of secondary forests are capable of maintaining forest cover and plant diversity in a dynamic balance in swidden cultivation landscapes. Regeneration of secondary forests through several successional stages and by a combination of coppicing and seedling development is still poorly understood, especially the influence of different swiddening practices and the role of animals as seed dispersers. Swidden cultivators possess a vast knowledge of plants growing in swidden fallows and of fallow dynamics as well. Forest restoration in Thailand has been carried out mainly on the basis of experimental research on the potential of indigenous tree species to promote natural forest regeneration and biodiversity recovery; the so-called framework species. Another viable source of knowledge for forest restoration can be the study of the semi-natural revegetation processes in fallows and the indigenous knowledge of swiddeners of these processes. The research presented here was carried out to attain a better understanding of forest regeneration on fallow swiddens under different swiddening regimes and how it may be applied to practical forest restoration, We investigated the vegetation characteristics of from various stages of secondary succession in fallow swiddens of the Karen and Lawa ethnic groups in the Mae Chaem watershed, Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand. Indigenous knowledge on the use of species and traditional ecological processes in swiddening was recorded by questioning key informants. The data were analyzed and discussed with respect to their application in forest restoration and participatory forest management.     

Indigenous fruit trees of Madagascar: potential components of agroforestry systems to improve human nutrition and restore biological diversity

Biodiversity in Eastern Madagascar is threatened by slash and burn agriculture, which is resulting in species extinction, land and soil degradation and rural impoverishment. An ethnobotanical study was undertaken to determine the domestication potential of indigenous fruit tree species as components of agroforestry systems. Four major selection criteria were used: nutritional and income needs of the population, diversification of the agroecosystem, and protection of plant and animal diversity. At three sites, Andasibe, Masoala and Ranomafana, in the humid primary forest region of Eastern Madagascar, a total of 150 wild fruit species from 82 genera and 42 families, of which 85% were indigenous and 92% of woody habit, were identified. In contrast to most of the deforested areas in Madagascar, the rural population in these areas possess an intimate knowledge of indigenous plant resources. Most of the indigenous fruits are collected from the forest but for a few species, domestication is initiated by managing naturally established species or by planting individual trees in agricultural fields. Wild fruits supplement the daily diet, substitute for exotic fruits, gain importance during periods of food shortage and are most appreciated by children. Commercialization of wild fruits is mainly undertaken by the poorer section of the population. Gender related differences in knowledge and preferences on species were identified and related to the respective household responsibilities. A list of the 26 priority species was established based on the preferences of children, women and men at the three sites. Local, fruit-eating lemur species are also highly dependent on indigenous fruit trees and are crucial for successful regeneration of forest vegetation. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

广东传统林业乡土知识系统与乡村林业

广东省山区居民人口多，且多居住在林区。山区人民在长期生产和生活实践中，对其聚居地的森林资源产生了深刻的认识和了解，并对其赖以生存的森林资源形成了独特的利用与管理的传统知识和经验。文章对广东乡土林业传统管理与利用进行了初步探讨。     

Exotic tree species displace indigenous ones on farms at intermediate altitudes around Mount Kenya

Agroforestry systems are potentially suitable for conservation of tree genetic resources. Farmers around Mt. Kenya usually integrate trees into their farm. Large parts of these trees seem to be of exotic origin, whereas indigenous species have priority for conservation. This study aimed at determining on-farm richness, composition and frequency of indigenous and exotic woody species around Mount Kenya to assess the suitability of farms for the conservation of indigenous tree species. 265 on-farm plots of 0.5 ha size each were selected in 18 different agro-ecological zones by using a stratified sampling scheme. All woody species within the plot were recorded with their local and scientific names. Total species richness was 424 (including 306 indigenous ones), mean richness per plot 16.5 species (including 8.8 indigenous ones). Eight out of the 10 most frequent species were exotic ones with Grevillea robusta from Australia ranking first (found on almost 76% of the surveyed farms). The proportion of indigenous species increased with increasing aridity and temperature. Dominance of exotic species was found at farms of humid mid- and highlands. Ordination analysis revealed that mostly exotic species contributed to separation of farms in the highlands and upper midlands, whereas indigenous species in the lower midlands and lowlands. As the frequencies of most indigenous trees were low, only parts of the surveyed farms can contribute to conservation of tree genetic resources, particularly the less intensively managed farms of the more arid lands. Farmers’ access to knowledge on valuable indigenous tree species and to quality seedlings of these trees need to be improved to increase indigenous species’ frequencies on farms and possibly to replace some of the exotic species in the future.     

Household tree holdings: A case study in Mutoko communal area, Zimbabwe

Tree holdings at homesteads and in homefields were investigated for two villages in Zimbabwe. Of the households, 90% owned at least one exotic tree. Trees were concentrated at homesteads and conserved indigenous trees tended to be edible fruit trees. Female heads of households (divorcees and widows) had fewer trees than households headed by men. Households with longer period of residence at a site had increased the proportion of indigenous fruit trees compared to non-fruit trees. Wealth status showed no relationship to tree holdings. The considerable tree planting and tree conservation activity around homesteads and in homefields has the effect of replacing non-fruit indigenous trees with exotic and indigenous fruit trees. Agroforestry research, extension and development should focus more on current practices, concentrate more on trees that farmers favour (such as fruit trees) and take into account differences among households. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.