植物生长调节剂DTA-6对花生产量、品质及其根系生理调控研究

在大田栽培条件下,经过3年试验,研究了在花针期叶面喷施植物生长调节剂DTA-6对花生产量、品质及器官生理功能的影响。结果表明:与清水对照比较,DTA-6可显著增加荚果和籽仁产量,表现在单株干物质增加,饱荚数、饱荚重和籽仁重显著提高,秕荚数显著减少;DTA-6对籽仁中含油量具有促进作用,而对游离氨基酸、蛋白质含量有降低的趋势;同时DTA-6提高了花生的根系活力和根系伤流量以及根系的吸收和合成能力,提高了花生的结瘤性和固氮能力。     

多种植物生长调节剂在紫花苜蓿上的应用效果比较

以11种植物生长调节剂为供试药剂,开展田间试验,调查各施药处理对紫花苜蓿的生长调节效果。结果表明,11种药剂不同程度地提高了处理区紫花苜蓿的分枝数、叶绿素含量、干草产量、粗蛋白质含量,降低了酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维的含量。除多效唑外,其他10种药剂均能促进紫花苜蓿株高、节间数、节间距、分枝数增加。芸苔素内酯、三十烷醇对紫花苜蓿增产作用明显,较清水对照分别增产19.54%、15.32%,并能提高牧草品质,具有较好的应用前景。     

植物生长调节剂在草坪上的应用

１简况植物生长调节剂在农作物、林木、果树等植物的生长发育方面进行研究和应用已有百年左右的历史。近几十年来,人们利用这类化学物质的特性及草坪植物生长发育的特点所开展的研究和应用实践,丰富了这个领域的成果。诸如在促进或延缓草坪的生长、抑制抽穗开花、延长绿...     

不同植物生长调节剂对新疆棉花干物质积累、产量和品质的影响

通过大田试验研究了3种不同的植物生长调节剂及其施用方法对棉花干物质积累特性以及品质和产量的影响效应.试验设计为叶面喷施缩节胺、随水滴施多效唑、随水滴施促根剂和随水滴施多效唑+促根剂.结果表明:不同的化控处理棉株干物质积累均随生育期延长而持续增加,动态变化可用"S"曲线方程拟合.干物质积累速率呈单峰曲线变化,峰值出现在出...     

新型植物生长调节剂多效唑钾盐在双季超级杂交稻上的应用效果

选用超级杂交早稻淦鑫203和晚稻五丰优T025,于秧苗期喷施新型植物生长调节剂多效唑钾盐,并以多效唑及清水为对照,考查了株高、秧苗素质、产量及其构成因素等,结果表明:早、晚稻喷施多效唑钾盐和多效唑处理株高较喷施清水处理分别降低41.71%、47.32%和28.41%、26.97%,单株产量分别增加34.83%、15.69%和37.16%、5.44%;早、晚稻喷施多效唑钾盐秧苗素质及产量构成指标也存在较强的优势;新型植物生长调节剂多效唑钾盐对水稻具有较好的控高增产效果。     

植物生长调节剂对大豆氮代谢相关指标及产量品质的调控

在大田条件下,以合丰50和垦农4号大豆(Glycine max)为材料,研究了在V3期叶面喷施DTA -6、S3307和TIBA三种植物生长调节剂对大豆氮代谢相关指标及产量品质的影响.结果表明,V3期叶喷TIBA、S3307和DTA -6提高了大豆NR活性,提高了全氮、可溶性蛋白、NO3- -N和游离氨基酸含量,增强了...     

植物生长调节剂对马铃薯叶片生理代谢及产量品质的影响

大田栽培条件下,以马铃薯克新13为材料,叶面喷施植物生长调节剂2-N,N-二乙氨基乙基己酸酯(Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate,简称DTA-6)、缩节安(Mepiquat chloride,简称DPC)以及烯效唑(Uniconazole,简称S3307),研究植物生长调节剂对马铃薯叶片生理代谢及产量、品质形成的影响。结果表明:在马铃薯块茎膨大期喷施植物生长调节剂,均显著增加了单薯重、淀粉产量和鲜薯产量,其中,以DTA-6调控效果为最佳,单薯重、淀粉产量、鲜薯产量和淀粉含量比CK分别增加了10.40%、40.26%、26.56%和11.32%,块茎还原糖含量比CK降低了20%。此外,调节剂处理均提高了马铃薯叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和细胞间隙CO_2浓度,加快了叶片的光合作用,各指标与产量之间呈正相关。随着时间的推移,各处理的叶片淀粉和蔗糖含量呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,淀粉酶活性呈降低的变化趋势,调节剂对叶片蔗糖转化酶活性的调控效果呈不同规律的变化。总体而言,调节剂均提高了马铃薯产量,改善了块茎品质,其中DTA-6处理效果最佳。     

植物氨基酸在西瓜上的试验效果

西瓜是我县的主导产业，也是农村产业结构调整的首选经济作物之一，随着绿色农业和无公害农产品的进一步推进，植物氨基酸液肥将成为农业作物首选叶面肥料。为探索植物氨基酸液肥在西瓜生产上的应用效果，为大面积推广应用提供科学依据，特设本试验，现将试验结果归纳如下：     

植物生长调节剂在棚室蔬菜上应用

植物生长调节剂种类多,性质复杂,按照其生理作用可分为生长素类、赤霉素类、细胞分裂素类、乙烯类以及生长延缓剂。植物生长调节剂在棚室蔬菜栽培中的应用,主要有以下9个方面：     

植物生长调节剂的作用

21世纪是生物科技的时代,从植物克隆（组培）使用调节剂,可见调节剂有非同一般的作用。举例：假如棉花不使用调节剂。在未用调节剂前,棉花的产量15kg就要戴大红花。如今新疆棉花产量一般可达300~400kg,高者达450kg,这是什么原因呢？这主要归功于使用了甲哌嗡这种缩节矮化和防止蕾铃脱落的萘乙酸这两种调节剂。如果没有乙烯利催熟和噻苯隆脱叶这两种调节剂,实现机器采棉是不可能的。     

8%甲哌鎓可溶性粉剂对甘薯生长发育、产量及品质的影响

田间药效试验表明 ,连续两次 (间隔 15 d)施用 8%甲哌可溶性粉剂 15 0～30 0 mg/ L,甘薯蔓长增长明显减慢 ,且浓度越高 ,增长越慢 ;甘薯产量增加了 12 .2 %～ 16.0 % ,在供试浓度范围内 ,浓度越高 ,增产越明显 ;室内生理实验表明 ,与对照相比用甲哌处理过的甘薯可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量无显著差异 ,说明甲派对甘薯品质无不良影响。     

不同肥料配比对旱地胡麻产量及品质的影响

大田旱作条件下,研究了氮磷配肥对胡麻产量、品质和农艺性状的影响。结果表明,氮磷配施均能增加胡麻产量,当氮肥用量一定(N 30~60 kg·hm-2)时,增施磷肥(P2O522.5~90 kg·hm-2)能使胡麻籽粒产量较对照增加50.00%~84.23%;当磷肥用量一定(P2O530~120 kg·hm-2)时,增施氮肥同样促进胡麻产量,但低磷高氮肥和高磷高氮肥反而不利于胡麻产量的增加;氮肥效果比磷肥明显,其中以N2P3处理(N 60 kg·hm-2,P2O567.5 kg·hm-2)产量最大,达到1 719.44 kg·hm-2。增施氮肥能够增加胡麻的株高、工艺长度、千粒重、分茎数、主茎分枝数和单株有效果枝数,高磷肥反而不利于胡麻农艺性状的改善。氮磷配施使胡麻棕榈酸含量较对照增加0~5.62%,油酸的含量较对照增加0~4.06%,施用氮肥可增加胡麻的亚油酸和亚麻酸含量,而高磷肥反而降低了亚油酸和亚麻酸含量。     

Effect of indole-acetic acid (IAA) on the development of symptoms caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pythium ultimum</Emphasis> on tomato plants

The effect of indole-acetic acid (IAA) on the development of symptoms caused by Pythium ultimum on tomato plants was investigated using different bioassays. Application of IAA (5 μg ml⁻¹) on tomato seedlings inoculated with P. ultimum did not affect their emergence suggesting that IAA did not affect the severity of Pythium damping-off. However, IAA was shown to influence the development of P. ultimum symptoms on tomato plantlets. Low concentrations of IAA (0–0.1 μg ml⁻¹) within the rhizosphere of plantlets increased the severity of the symptoms caused by P. ultimum, while higher concentrations (10 μg ml⁻¹), applied either by drenching to the growing medium or by spraying on the shoot, reduced the symptoms caused by this pathogen. In addition, the study demonstrated that P. ultimum produces IAA in liquid culture amended with L-tryptophan, tryptamine or tryptophol (200 μg ml⁻¹) and in unamended culture.     

α-(吡啶-2-甲酰氧基)烃基膦酸酯的合成与植物生长调节活性

合成了10个未见文献报道的标题化合物3a～j。所有目标化合物的结构均经元素分析、IR、1H NMR和MS确证。生物试验结果表明,该类化合物具有一定的植物生长调节活性。     

Biomanagement of Fusarium wilt of tomato by the soil application of certain phosphatesolubilizing microorganisms

Abstract

We tested whether a new automated bait dispenser, the Scentinel®, could be programmed to deliver non-toxic bait selectively only to animals of specified dimensions (>400 g body weight and <110 mm body diameter, the size of a ferret or a mink). We tested whether wild ferrets would discriminate between two types of bait (egg/oil and homogenised brain tissue). We set 24 Scentinels in 12 randomised pairs for 11 weeks on a 2400-ha area of pastoral farmland in New Zealand. Of 1559 visits by small animals, 198 were by ferrets (c. 28 individuals). The Scentinels correctly delivered 895 baits to visitors weighing >400 g, and no baits to 543 visitors of <400 g. The mean body weight of live ferrets recorded by Scentinels was not significantly different from that of 34 carcasses collected from the same area by professional trappers. Of the 145 baits dispensed to ferrets, egg/oil bait was significantly more often eaten. We conclude that the Scentinel can reliably deliver bait to specified sizes of animals and deny it to others. It can also facilitate extensive bait preference tests on unrestrained wild pests.     

7种激素对蒺藜状苜蓿种子发芽的影响

本实验旨在研究蒺藜状苜蓿种子发芽对外源激素的响应。使用6-BA、GA3、ABA、NAA、乙烯利I、AA和IBA共7种激素,每一激素各设0.1、1.0、1.5、2.0、5、10、201、000μmol/L共8种浓度梯度,浸湿滤纸发芽床,置50粒蒺藜状苜蓿种子进行发芽试验,以蒸馏水处理为对照,设3个重复,统计发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和发芽天数。结果显示:外源激素20μmol/L 6-BA、GA3、乙烯利和5μmol/L IAAI、BA促进蒺藜状苜蓿种子发芽,NAA和ABA抑制蒺藜状苜蓿种子发芽,ABA抑制能力较强。     

Pyriproxyfen activates reproduction in prediapause northern strain plum curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst)

Field-collected, prediapause northern strain plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), adults were treated with the juvenile hormone analogue pyriproxyfen to assess effects on reproductive development. Adults of this pest have an obligate winter reproductive diapause and do not reach reproductive maturity until after spring emergence. Topical (1.0 microL) doses of 10, 1.0 and 0.1 microg microL(-1) pyriproxyfen induced oocyte development and reproductive maturation in all treated females as assessed by dissection. There was no increased mortality in treated beetles, and control insects showed no reproductive maturation. Treatment of prediapause males and females with 1.0 microg microL(-1) of topical pyriproxyfen or exposure to residues on fruit induced successful egg laying and F1 emergence; F1 pupation success in topical treatments and residue exposure was 47 and 59% respectively. Filial adults require re-exposure to initiate reproductive development. Treatment protocols with pyriproxyfen will allow researchers to culture the northern strain, instead of relying exclusively on the non-diapausing southern strain.     

Studies on regulation of plant physiology by pesticides

Some agrochemicals have unique activities on plant, which modes of actions differ from those of herbicides and plant growth regulators. Because these induce useful and important phenotypic characteristics by activating physiological mechanisms in plant cell, understanding the underlying mechanism of their activities should be crucial for plant physiology and agriculture. As examples of such agrochemicals, studies on agrochemicals that activate the plant immune systems or root elongation, are described. Plant activators, inducers of systemic acquired resistance, were divided into two types, acting on upstream and downstream of salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis, respectively. They have been useful research tools to clarify the regulation mechanism of SA-mediated disease resistance and to investigate another type of disease resistance mechanism mediated by brassinosteroids. By analyzing the roles of phytohormones in the isoprothiolane-induced root elongation indicated a positive effect of jasmonic acid and ethylene on primary root elongation. These types of research, categorized to one of chemical biology, would provide novel insight into plant physiology, which also contribute to control of crops.