海南香蕉根颈象甲产卵选择性研究

为了研究香蕉根颈象甲在海南香蕉上的产卵特性,指导田间防控技术,室内研究了香蕉根颈象甲成虫对寄主植物、叶鞘部位的产卵选择性及不同饲养方式下的产卵率。结果表明,在巴西蕉和泰国蕉上,香蕉根颈象甲的产卵率分别为32.87%和30.93%,均显著高于台蕉、大蕉、皇帝蕉和粉蕉;香蕉根颈甲成虫嗜好在香蕉假茎中部叶鞘产卵,在第2层叶鞘的选择性最高,选择系数为45.78%,显著高于其它几层叶鞘的选择系数;分别提供腐烂和新鲜的香蕉假茎让香蕉根颈象甲产卵,周平均产卵量分别为4粒和2粒,可见,香蕉根颈象甲喜欢在腐烂的假茎上产卵。     

海南香蕉根颈象甲卵的空间分布型及理论抽样数确定

香蕉根颈象甲[Cosmopolites sordidus(Gemar)1已在海南香蕉园发生,对香蕉生产造成危害.为了研究香蕉象甲的分布和发生规律、指导田间取样,应用几种聚集度指标的计算公式以及Taylor幂法则、Iwao的m*-m回归分析法,分析和测定了香蕉根颈象甲卵的空间分布格局和田间理论抽样数.结果表明:海南香蕉根颈象甲卵在一定密度下呈聚集分布,空间分布符合负二项分布;聚集度指标,I>0,m*/m>1,C>1,Cα>0;Tavlor幂模型表明香蕉根茎象甲卵在一定密度下的分布为聚集的,而且聚集强度随种群密度的上升而升高:Iwao的m*-m回归模型分析表明,m*和m呈显著相关,香蕉根茎象甲个体间相互吸引,最适抽样数n与卵密度m及相对误差D的关系为:n=1/D2(1.3717/m+0.046 3).     

大麻小象甲生物学特性研究

大麻小旬甲，是安徽大麻主要害虫，常年发生一代，以成虫越冬。成、幼虫均为害大麻，成虫取食叶片或嫩头，造成叶片孔洞和麻头发杈；幼虫蛀食麻茎，形成瘤肿，遇风易折断，严重影响麻皮产量和质量。成、幼虫有假死性，耐饥性强；成虫飞翔力差。各虫态历期：卵４－１５天；幼早１８－２４天；肾１０－１５天；成虫寿命长达１０个月以上。可采用药剂、轮作、生物和越冬防治相结合的综合防治措施。     

稻水象甲的生物学特性

描述了稻水象甲（Lissorhortrus oryzophilus Kusche）各虫态的形态特征及各龄历期。通过室内饲养和野外观察，研究了该虫的生物学特性：在长沙地区1年发生1～2代，以成虫越冬，幼虫在25士1℃温度条件下，完成一个世代的历期为48．2d，卵期7d，幼虫期30d，蛹期10d，成虫期30d左右。试验证明，在一定温度范围内，随着温度的升高，发育历期明显缩短。发育最适温度在22℃～25℃之间，卵的孵化率为84．2％，幼虫成活率为87．5％。但在高温条件下（〈32℃时），卵的孵化率和幼虫成活率相当低，并随着发育龄期增加死亡率增高。     

浅谈稻水象甲生物学特性及综合防治

介绍了稻水象甲的形态特征、生活习性、发生规律及其危害,并提出采取以化学防治为主的综合防治措施。     

香蕉象甲信息化合物及其在香蕉象甲(Cosmopolites sordidus)防治中的应用

香蕉象甲(Cosmopolites sordidus)是最具破坏力的香蕉(Musa spp.)害虫。信息化合物对香蕉象甲生物学特征的调节起到了非常重要的作用,并且已被应用于其防治。这些信息化合物包括寄主植物挥发物和信息素。本文对香蕉象甲信息化合物及其应用研究的主要成果进行了综述,以此作为进一步研究的参考。这方面研究的拓展和深入将推动新的环保高效的香蕉象甲防治手段的发展及完善。     

球孢白僵菌在香蕉象甲防治中的应用研究概述

香蕉象甲(Cosmopolites sordidus)是芭蕉属(Musa spp.)经济作物最具破坏力的害虫,如何对其进行有效防治已成为一项重要议题。球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)在香蕉象甲防治方面具有很好的应用效果,对其应用研究的主要成果进行概述,这对以后进一步研究球孢白僵菌等昆虫病原真菌及其在害虫防治上的应用具有重要的参考价值。     

稻水象甲生物学及药剂防治初步研究

稻水象甲(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kusche1)是一种毁灭性的检疫害虫,严重威胁水稻生产。通过室内饲养和野外观察,对该虫的生物学特性以及稻水象甲的综合防治技术进行了初步研究,具体通过药剂筛选试验进行了探讨,结果:处理1、2、3对稻水象甲成虫的防治效果最好,施药后1,3,6d的防效均达90.9%;处理4的效果也很好,施药后1,3,6d的防效为88.9%,88.5%和89.4%;处理5效果相对较差,施药后1,3,6d的防效为86.6%,84.4%和82.8%。     

我国稻水象甲的发生及其研究进展

稻水象甲原分布于北美密西西比河流域．现已蔓延至环太平洋的美洲、亚洲和欧洲;我国自发生稻水象甲以来,已陆续扩散到60余个县（市）,发生面积超过40万hm^2,并有进一步向邻近地区扩散的趋势。本文就稻水象甲的生物学特性、不同稻作区的发生规律及防治方法进行了阐述,针对我国水稻稻水象甲的研究现状及研究方向提出了建设性意见。     

应用苹果蠹蛾线虫防治香蕉扁黑象甲的研究

1988—1990年,淋或喷施苹果巍蛾线虫(Steinernema carpocapsae)3～6×10~6条/株水悬浮液至越冬留头蕉茎上,防治香蕉扁黑象甲越冬幼虫并兼治蛹和成虫,取得了较好的效果,幼虫、蛹、成虫的死亡率分別为73％～90％,68％～92％,25％～80％,为香蕉扁黑象甲的防治开辟了新的、有效的途径。     

香蕉假茎象甲触角感器的扫描电镜观察

应用日立S-3000N型扫描电镜对香蕉假茎象甲雌、雄成虫的触角形态和感器进行了观察。结果表明:香蕉假茎象甲触角为膝状,由柄节、梗节和鞭节组成。触角表皮普遍具有波浪形刻纹,共有4种感器,即毛形感器、刺形感器、锥形感器和芽孢形感器,其中,毛形感器有3种类型,刺形感器有2种类型。香蕉假茎象甲雌、雄个体间触角感器类型及其分布均无明显差异。触角上的各种感器类型多样,数量众多,分布集中,鞭节上感器最多,梗节次之,柄节无感器。     

Non-chemical agents provide tenable,eco-friendly alternatives for the management of the major diseases devastating Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) in India

India is a leading producer of oilseed Brassicas, contributing approximately 23 percent of the country's total oilseed production. In India, the Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.] crop is ravaged by various diseases, including Alternaria blight, white rust, downy mildew, Sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, which can contribute to fluctuations in crop yields. A field experiment examining an integrated disease management system for Indian mustard (B. juncea) was conducted under the All India Coordinated Research Project on Rapeseed-Mustard (Indian Council of Agricultural Research or ICAR) during three crop seasons (2006–09) at 11 locations to assess treatments suitable for the management of crop disease. The data from the different locations and years regarding disease severity and incidence were pooled and analyzed. Seed treatments with freshly prepared Allium sativum bulb aqueous extract (1 percent w/v) resulted in significantly higher initial plant stands, across locations and years. Seed treatment with A. sativum bulb extract, followed by its use as a foliar spray, resulted in significantly reduced Alternaria leaf and pod blight severity, reduced white rust severity, fewer stag heads per plot, reduced downy mildew and Sclerotinia rot incidence, and reduced powdery mildew severity, across locations and years. The combination also provided significantly higher seed yields compared with the control across locations and years and was at par with treatment by chemical fungicides. The combination used in the present study was as effective as the combination of seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum and foliar spraying with Pseudomonas fluorescens and T. harzianum. Economic returns were higher when using biorational treatments (A. sativum bulb extract, T. harzianum, P. fluorescens) compared with chemical fungicides. The combination of seed treatments with T. harzianum followed by its use as a foliar spray (17.22), and the similar combination of seed treatments and foliar spraying with the A. sativum bulb extract (17.18), resulted in a higher benefit to cost ratio. This eco-friendly technology can help oilseed Brassica growers in India safeguard the crops from major diseases and increase the stability and productivity of the Indian mustard crop.     

木槿曼粉蚧生物学特征的初步研究

木槿曼粉蚧是我国南方大豆上的一种新害虫。为了明确其各个虫态识别特征及其在大豆上的生活史及主要生物学特征,在室内恒温条件下[温度(25±1)℃,相对湿度70%±5%,光周期为L∶D=12∶12],观察描述了雌雄不同虫态的形态特征及其个体生活史、各虫态主要习性和危害特征等。结果表明:木槿曼粉蚧具有典型的性二型现象。雌虫包括卵、1龄若虫、2龄若虫、3龄若虫和雌成虫。雄虫包括卵、1龄若虫、2龄若虫、预蛹、蛹和雄成虫。若虫期各龄期体长、体宽、触角节数等形态结构具有明显差异,可作为区分龄期的依据。在25℃条件下,以大豆为寄主的雌性个体若虫期为33.34 d,成虫期19.03 d,平均产卵269.6粒;雄性个体若虫期24.60 d,预蛹期2.27 d、蛹期3.33 d,成虫寿命仅3.83 d。     

A novel,integrated method for management of witches' broom disease in Cacao in Bahia,Brazil

A three-year field study was conducted in Bahia, Brazil to validate several strategies for management of witches' broom disease in cacao caused by Moniliophthora perniciosa. Treatments which were applied alone or in combination included applications of biological control fungus Trichoderma stromaticum, fungicide copper hydroxide and phytosanitary broom removal. When compared with untreated control treatments, higher pod yields and consistently lower pod losses were obtained by alternating fungicide with biocontrol application. Pod losses caused by witches' broom were also reduced by fungicide treatment or by phytosanitary broom removal when applied alone or in combination, however total pod production per tree was consistently low whenever broom removal was used as a management strategy. While application of biocontrol fungus alone was not able to reduce witches' broom on pods, it reduced vegetative broom formation and also increased the number of pod-forming flower cushions. The present study indicates that alternating fungicide copper hydroxide with biocontrol fungus T. stromaticum without expensive phytosanitary broom removal is not only a better disease management strategy in Bahia but also results in better yields and thereby better net economic returns.     

湖南省稻水象甲发生状况与防治

稻水象甲（Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel）是一种毁灭性的检疫害虫，严重威胁水稻生产。对湖南省稻水象甲的发生实况、危害特点与发生规律、预测预报以及综合防治技术等方面进行了阐述，以期为更好的防控稻水象甲提供参考。     

豆大蓟马的生物学特性研究

豆大蓟马[Megalurothrips usitatus(Bagnall)]是海南豇豆的重要害虫,是影响豇豆质量安全的主要因素。通过室内试验,对豆大蓟马的发育速率、有效积温、产卵量和成虫寿命等生物学特性进行研究。结果表明:在15~35℃温度范围内,豆大蓟马的世代发育历期为10.57~46.29 d,其中卵期为2.72~8.71 d,若虫期为3.54~16.24 d,预蛹期为0.76~3.62 d,蛹期为2.02~8.74 d,产卵前期为1.00~9.16 d;各虫态发育速率与温度呈二次回归关系,且呈显著相关;卵、若虫、预蛹及蛹期的发育起点温度分别为6.18、9.80、9.37、8.83℃,有效积温依次为76.55、76.77、17.06、46.73日·度,完成世代发育起点温度和有效积温分别为9.35℃和238.87日·度;温度对豆大蓟马的存活率影响显著;成虫寿命随着温度的升高而缩短,15℃下平均寿命为63.24 d,35℃下平均寿命为11.20 d;30℃时产卵量最高,平均产卵232.78粒/雌,分别是15℃和35℃下的3.84倍和8.87倍。本研究结果为进一步开展豆大蓟马的科学防控提供了基础资料。