氮磷钾不同配比对加工番茄育苗质量的影响

以新疆加工番茄主栽品种"里格尔87-5"为试材,采用正交设计,设置N、P、K不同配比25个处理,各处理分3次喷施加工番茄穴盘苗,测定分析幼苗的株高、茎基粗、叶面积、鲜重、叶绿素含量(SPAD值)、地上部鲜重、干重和地下部鲜重、干重,并计算干重根冠比和壮苗指数。结果表明:第2次喷施肥后,2kg水配N∶P∶K为2.73∶2.73∶4.90g(处理13)溶液喷施幼苗,株高和单株鲜重增长量最多;2kg水配N∶P∶K为3.08∶0.91∶2.94g(处理11)溶液喷施幼苗,单株叶面积增长量最大。在加工番茄穴盘苗第2次喷施肥,即2~4叶期,N∶P∶K合理配比可显著增加加工番茄穴盘苗单株叶面积、株高和鲜重,促进营养生长。喷施肥3次后,2kg水配N∶P∶K为2.36∶1.82∶1.47g(处理24)溶液喷施幼苗,叶绿素含量SPAD值最高;2kg水配N∶P∶K为3.08∶0.91∶2.94g(处理11)溶液喷施幼苗,单株叶面积最大。氮素养分对加工番茄穴盘苗的单株叶面积影响显著,对叶绿素含量SPAD值影响极显著,各处理对加工番茄穴盘苗的株高、茎基粗、地上部干重、根部干重、全株干重、干重根冠比及壮苗指数影响不显著。     

氮磷钾不同浓度配施对加工番茄苗期生育及生长量的影响

利用三元二次通用旋转组合设计,经计算机软件分析,建立了氮、磷、钾与砂培加工番茄苗期生育及生长量的数学模型.结果表明:氮对生长量及叶面积指数的影响最大.在适宜范围内,随着施氮量的增加,生长量明显增加,叶面积指数、坐果率也增加.施氮过量则生长量减少.磷、钾肥对促进加工番茄生长具有间接作用,利于提高加工番茄生长量.但过量施用磷、钾肥也对生长不利.     

番茄叶面积与干物质重量的相关性研究

本文研究了两个番茄品种(“白果”,“丽泰”)在营养生长阶段,植株地上部分千重、叶干重与叶面积的相关性。结果表明:叶面积与叶干重比值(两品种平均)基本不变;植株地上部分干重、叶干重与叶面积均呈极显著正相关,其相关系数分别为R=0.9845和R=0.9967,提出了用植株地上部分干重和叶干重估测叶面积的一元线性回归方程式。     

基于BP神经网络的番茄叶面积指数测定方法研究

为了准确快速地测定番茄的叶面积指数,根据BP神经网络的建模原理,训练并建立了基于BP神经网络模型的番茄叶面积指数测定方法。应用分析表明：训练好的BP神经网络模型可以在不破坏番茄植株叶片的情况下借助番茄生长发育天数快速预测番茄的叶面积指数,经检验该方法在测定番茄叶面积指数等方面具有实用性和可靠性。     

基于计算机视觉技术的番茄叶片叶绿素含量的检测

 研究利用计算机视觉技术快速测定叶绿素含量的方法,建立了根据番茄叶片颜色特征确定其叶绿素含量的一元二次拟合模型。在计算机视觉图像采集系统中采集番茄叶片图像,利用MATLAB图像处理工具提取图像的颜色特征参数,对颜色特征参数和番茄功能叶叶绿素含量做相关分析,建立回归模型。结果表明：RGB颜色系统的R/G、(G-R)/(G+R)、G-R、色度坐标r、r-g及HIS颜色系统的H值均与叶绿素含量呈极显著非线性相关性,可用于测定番茄叶片叶绿素含量。从建立的6组模型中筛选出拟合度较高的3组模型进行检验,预测误差在0～22.22%之间。用预测精度最高的G-R颜色特征预测叶绿素含量的模型为Chl.a = 0.0926 + 0.1208 (G-R) - 0.0009 (G-R)²,Chl b = - 0.0252 + 0.0397 (G-R) - 0.0003 (G-R)²和Chl.(a+b) = 0.1271 + 0.1600 (G-R) - 0.0011 (G-R)²。     

基于光谱分析的库尔勒香梨叶片全氮含量估测研究

【目的】为了实现无损、实时、快速地监测香梨养分状况,【方法】利用SVC HR—768便携式光谱仪测定大田20 a树龄库尔勒香梨叶片的光谱反射率,并结合室内叶片氮素含量分析,采用逐步回归法对香梨叶片的全氮含量与原始光谱、一阶导数光谱、高光谱参数之间的关系进行分析。【结果】全氮含量与原始光谱在761 nm处构建的线性模型,调整决定系数R2值达到0.986;在1 564 nm处一阶微分光谱与全氮含量构建的线性模型,调整决定系数R2值为0.997;对于所选的高光谱特征变量,叶片全氮含量与红边位置变量(Dr)和红边面积变量(SDr)的相关关系极显著,并由此建立的线性模型的调整决定系数R2值均达到0.9以上,说明这些变量预测香梨叶片全氮含量具有可行性。【结论】对所构建的方程进行检验,确定了基于1 564 nm的一阶导数光谱模型为香梨叶片全氮含量的最佳预测模型。     

巴西蕉叶面积指数的动态模型研究

2011—2013年采用"3414"完全试验设计方案,对巴西蕉叶面积指数LAI及当地积温间的关系进行了分析,拟合出几种香蕉叶面积指数动态变化模型,其中以叶面积指数与归一化的相对积温间的动态模型较好,即:LAIi=3.653 2/[1+e-(RDDi-0.502 9/0.089 2)]。用2011—2013年独立资料进行检验,叶面积指数模拟值与实测值的平均绝对误差Χde为0.044 7,差值标准误Sde为0.211 5,相关系数R为0.927,达显著水平。表明所建模型可以较好地模拟巴西蕉叶面积指数的动态变化,也可用于巴西蕉生长、产量模拟以及对巴西蕉的生长监测和遥感估产。     

利用归一化植被指数评价酿酒葡萄生长状况的研究

 以生长势不同的酿酒葡萄品种赤霞珠和梅鹿辄为试材, 采用基于地物光谱特性的遥感技术获得地块内不同生长势(包括新梢长度、新梢日生长速度、单株叶面积、N-Tester指数) 小区的归一化植被指数(NDVI) 间存在显著差异, 并且NDVI与葡萄新梢长度、新梢日生长速度、植株叶面积以及N-Tester指数间具有显著或极显著的相关性。因此, 采用NDVI评价地块内葡萄长势差异性具有应用前景。     

基于RGB模型的苹果叶片叶绿素含量估测

为了快速、无损地获得苹果叶片叶绿素含量与其表面颜色特征之间的关系,为诊断苹果树生理状况提供科学依据。以新梢旺长期的红富士苹果树为研究对象,应用数码相机采集叶片图像,利用图像处理技术,采集叶片图像的红(R)、绿(G)和蓝(B)值,通过运算组合构造颜色特征参数,建立基于苹果叶片颜色特征参数的叶绿素含量估算模型,并对其精度进行评价和验证。结果表明,叶绿素含量敏感的颜色参数分别为B、B/R、B/G、G/(R+G+B)、B/(R+G+B)、(R–B)/(R+B)、(G–B)/(G+B)、(R–B)/(R+G+B)和(G–B)/(R+G+B)值;基于以上9个敏感颜色参数分别建立单变量回归模型和支持向量机回归模型(SVM),估测叶片Chl.a、Chl.b、Chl.(a+b)和SPAD值,其中单变量回归模型决定系数(R~2)均在0.6左右;SVM回归模型的决定系数(R~2)分别为0.8754、0.8374、0.8671和0.8129,均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.0194、0.0350、0.0497和0.9281,相对误差(RE)分别为0.8059%、1.7540%、1.1224%和1.1894%,尤以对Chl.a的估测效果最佳,SVM的估测精度高于单变量回归模型。模型验证取自1/4同样本数据,验证结果表明基于SVM的Chl.a稳定性更佳,R~2=0.8275,RMSE=0.0293,RE=1.8529%。应用数码相机并基于RGB颜色模型可快速估测苹果叶片叶绿素含量,可对果园水肥的精确管理提供技术支持。     

基于随机森林模型的苹果叶片磷素含量高光谱估测

【目的】针对传统化学方法测定苹果叶片磷素含量的不足,使用高光谱技术快速、准确和无损地估测苹果叶片磷素含量。【方法】以烟台栖霞市25个果园100株新梢旺长期苹果树叶片高光谱反射率和叶片磷素(phosphorus,P)含量为数据源,在分析其磷素含量与原始光谱反射率、原始光谱反射率的一阶微分、植被指数和高光谱特征参量相关性的基础上,筛选敏感波长,建立了基于高光谱数据的磷素含量随机森林模型。【结果】新梢旺长期苹果叶片磷素含量在绿光波段(507~590 nm)、红光波段(694~743 nm)和近红外短波波段(1 324~1 364 nm)呈显著负相关;基于植被指数RVI(542,1 094)、RVI(705,937)、DVI(556,712)、DVI(677,1 728)、NDVI(737,549)、DVI(FDR567,FDR1980)和DVI(FDR523,FDR1883)建立的随机森林回归模型有较好的估测效果,决定系数R2=0.923 6,均方根误差RMSE=0.015 8,相对误差RE=6.915%。【结论】光谱植被指数比较适合苹果磷素营养状况估测。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.