火鸡组织滴虫病的流行特点及防控措施

火鸡组织滴虫病是由火鸡组织滴虫寄生于盲肠和肝脏引起的,以肝坏死和盲肠溃疡为特征的一种原虫病。本文详细分析了火鸡组织滴虫病的病因、临床症状、治疗方法和防控措施。     

鸡盲肠肝炎病理解剖与防治

鸡盲肠肝炎又称组织滴虫病，是寄生于火鸡和雏鸡的盲肠和肝脏的一种急性原虫病。由于鸡和火鸡患病死亡时，鸡冠变成蓝紫色，农民成为黑头病。主要特征是盲肠发炎肿大和肝脏表面产生一种具有特征性的坏死溃疡病灶。     

乌鸡组织滴虫病的诊治

<正> 组织滴虫病也叫盲肠肝炎或黑头病,是由火鸡组织滴虫寄生于禽类盲肠和肝脏引起的寄生虫病,火鸡和鹧鸪极易感染。2003年6月,锦州市太和区王某饲养的100只70日龄乌鸡陆续发病死亡,根据发病情况、临床症状、剖检变化和实验室检查,诊断为组织滴虫病。     

鸡组织滴虫病的流行、诊断及防治

组织滴虫病又名盲肠肝炎或黑头病,是鸡和火鸡的原虫病,由火鸡组织滴虫寄生于盲肠和肝脏引起,以肝脏的坏死和盲肠溃疡为特征,也发生于野山鸡、孔雀和鹌鹑等鸟类。     

肠毒唑治疗鸡组织滴虫病的临床观察和体会

组织滴虫病是由火鸡组织滴虫寄生于禽类的盲肠和肝脏引起的一种原虫病。本病特征是肝脏坏死、盲肠发炎呈一侧或双侧肿大为特征,多发于火鸡和雏鸡。由于该病主要侵害盲肠和肝脏故又称盲肠肝炎;又因为可常造成患病火鸡头部血液循     

一例火鸡组织滴虫病的诊治

正组织滴虫病又叫盲肠肝炎或黑头病,是由组织滴虫属的火鸡组织滴虫寄生于禽类盲肠和肝脏而引起的一种寄生性原虫病。此病的主要特征是肝脏表面产生一种具有特征性的坏死溃疡灶、盲     

鸡组织滴虫病的诊断与防治

鸡组织滴虫病又名盲肠肝炎或黑头病,是鸡和火鸡易发的一种原虫病,由火鸡组织滴虫寄生于盲肠和肝脏引起,以肝的坏死和盲肠溃疡为特征,也发生于野雉、孔雀和鹌鹑等鸟类。鸡组织滴虫病由于症状的不典型性经常被养殖户忽视。     

鸡盲肠肝炎的诊治

鸡盲肠肝炎是由于火鸡组织滴虫寄生于禽类的盲肠和肝脏而引起的原虫病,又称组织滴虫病或黑头病。多发于火鸡和雏鸡,成年鸡也能感染,但临床症状不明显,成为带虫者。本病主要特征是盲肠发炎、溃烂和肝脏表面具有特征性坏死灶。1病原本病病原体是鞭毛纲、变形鞭毛虫科的火鸡组     

群养火鸡暴发盲肠肝炎的快速诊治

火鸡传染性盲肠肝炎又称组织滴虫病,是由火鸡组织滴虫主要侵害火鸡盲肠和肝脏引起火鸡较高感染率、高死亡率的急性原虫病.以火鸡排土黄色或蛋黄色粪便、肝脏有多个内凹边凸的似圆形坏死灶、盲肠呈干酪样肠芯为主要特征.准确诊断,及早正确地用药可快速治愈病鸡.     

雏鸡组织滴虫病的诊治报告

组织滴虫病是由火鸡组织滴虫引起多种禽类盲肠和肝脏寄生虫性机能紊乱的疾病。该病以肝脏坏死和盲肠溃疡为特征，亦称为传染性盲肠肝炎或黑头病。雏火鸡和雏鸡易感，野鸡、孔雀、珍珠鸡及鹌鹑等有时也可感染。火鸡和鸡对该病的易感性随日龄而变化，3～12周龄火鸡和4～6周龄鸡最为易感，死亡率也最高，成年鸡多为带虫者。近年来深入研究结果表明，该病对肉种鸡和蛋鸡的危害大，除导致死亡和淘汰率高外，还长期影响鸡的产蛋性能。现将一起雏鸡暴发组织滴虫病的诊治情况报道如下。     

山羊肝片吸虫致肝脏病变的病理形态学研究

为了明确肝片吸虫致山羊肝脏病变的发病机理，本文对112例肝片吸虫感染的浏阳黑山羊肝脏的自然病例进行了眼观及组织病理学研究。结果表明，肝片吸虫致肝脏的病变可分为：肝细胞的脂肪变性、出血性肝炎、化脓性肝炎、慢性间质性肝炎和肝硬变5种类型。它们的发生率分别为75．9％、14．3％、27．7％、41．1％和9．6％。讨论了病变产生的原因。     

Pyogranulomatous typhlitis and hepatitis of market turkeys.

Pyogranulomatous lesions in the liver and cecum were observed in groups of 7-to-8-week-old market turkeys. Necropsy revealed multifocal lesions in the liver and the presence of cecal cores that, in some cases, distended the cecum to the point of rupture. Mortality was associated with the ruptured ceca. Two successive flocks also succumbed to these lesions. An epizootiological study was performed to determine the cause and/or initiation of lesions leading to the formation of cecal cores.     

Expression of type 1 pili by Escherichia coli strains of high and low virulence in the intestinal tract of gnotobiotic turkeys

Highly virulent (strain 1) and weakly virulent (strain 3) Escherichia coli were examined using immunofluorescent and electron microscopic techniques to determine their ability to express type 1 pili in the intestinal tract of 3-week-old gnotobiotic turkeys. Turkeys were necropsied on postinoculation day (PID) 1, 2, 5, 8, and 12. Nonpiliated forms of strains 1 and 3 were more numerous than piliated forms in cecal and colonic contents examined by negative staining electron microscopy. A piliated form of strain 1 was seen in intestinal contents on each PID and was more numerous in cecal contents than in colonic contents. The mucus blanket of the cecum and colon contained large numbers of bacteria, although organisms were rarely intimately associated with the intestinal epithelium. Immunofluorescent staining indicated large numbers of piliated forms of strains 1 and 3 within the mucus blanket of the cecum and colon on PID 2, 5, 8, and 12. Piliated bacteria were infrequently seen in the ileal mucus blanket. Serum antibody titers to type 1 pili increased markedly by PID 5 and persisted in turkeys inoculated with strain 1. In contrast, antibody titers in turkeys exposed to strain 3 increased gradually and varied markedly among birds at each PID. Type 1 pili may not be important for adherence of pathogenic E coli to intestinal epithelium of turkeys.     

Occurrence of acute infectious bursal disease with high mortality in Japan and pathogenicity of field isolates in specific-pathogen-free chickens.

Highly virulent infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was isolated from field cases, and the pathogenicity of the isolates was examined in specific-pathogen-free chickens. Chickens inoculated with the isolates developed severe clinical disease with a high mortality rate. Histopathologically, infectious bursal disease was characterized by bursal and thymic necrosis, aplastic anemia, acute hepatitis with fatty change, and systemic inflammatory response. In addition to functional abnormalities in the liver, a hypoxic state was induced by aplastic anemia and severe inflammation in the pulmonary air capillary walls. These pathological changes appeared to be closely related to the cause of death.     

Lipogenesis in turkeys and chickens: a study of body composition and liver lipogenic enzyme activities.

1. Carcase composition, fat deposition and the activities of three liver lipogenic enzymes were compared in turkeys and chickens fed ad libitum on two different isocaloric diets, respectively adapted to chickens (C) and to turkeys (T). Diets differed in their protein content, being higher by 60 g/kg in diet T. 2. Chickens were much fatter than turkeys and exhibited higher activities of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.2) and malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40). 3. The carcase composition of turkeys was not influenced by the type of diet administered, while chickens fed on diet C were fatter than chickens fed on diet T. Compared to diet T, diet C enhanced malic enzyme activity, whatever the species and age. 4. A good correlation between abdominal fat and total fatness was observed in both species but especially in turkeys. 5. In conclusion, hepatic lipogenesis is much lower in turkeys than in chickens.     

Detection of Histomonas meleagridis DNA in different organs after natural and experimental infections of meat turkeys

Histomonas meleagridis infection of turkeys is usually accompanied by a severe disease with unspecific clinical symptoms but with distinct pathological lesions in the ceca and liver. In the literature some macro- and microscopic evidence of the spread of histomonads to the other organs has been provided. The aim of the present investigations was to use real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to demonstrate the dissemination of H. meleagridis DNA to different organs after natural and experimental infection of meat turkeys. Samples from several organs were collected from a meat-turkey flock, which proved to be naturally infected with histomoniasis, and examined for histomonad DNA by real-time PCR. Histomonad DNA was detected in all investigated ceca, livers, spleens, kidneys, and pooled brain swabs. Additionally it was found in 75% of investigated samples from bursae of Fabricius, in 50% of investigated duodenums, and in 40% of investigated jejunum samples. After experimental intracloacal infection of 3-wk-old turkey poults with 147,500 histomonads, similar samples were collected from all turkeys that died. After a 3-wk observation period the surviving birds, as well as the noninfected control group, were euthanatized and samples were taken. During the entire experimental period, 10 birds out the 20 infected birds died. Histomonad DNA was detected in all investigated ceca, livers, lungs, and hearts (100%) and almost all kidneys (90%) and bursae of Fabricius (80%). On the other hand, only 30% of examined spleens and 10% of brain samples revealed positive results. Surviving infected birds were euthanatized and necropsied; histomonad DNA was found in one out of 10 livers but not in any ceca. Also, histomonad DNA could not be detected in examined cecal and lung samples from the noninfected control group.     

Pathologic and bacteriologic findings in 27-week-old commercial laying hens experimentally infected with Salmonella enteritidis, phage type 4

Two strains of 27-wk-old commercial laying chickens (strain A, brown-egg-laying type and strain B, white-egg-laying type) were inoculated either orally (PO) or intravenously (IV) with a field isolate of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4. Chickens were sequentially necropsied at regular intervals throughout the 17-wk observation period. Gross and microscopic lesions were most evident between 1 and 14 days postinoculation (DPI). Gross lesions consisted of enlarged livers with white foci, enlarged and mottled white spleens, fibrinous exudate in the peritoneum, and atretic, misshapen ovarian follicles. Microscopic lesions included multifocal coagulative necrosis of hepatocytes and inflammation, fibrinous exudation in vascular sinuses of the spleen, and fibrinosuppurative inflammation of the peritoneum and ovarian follicles. The proportion of reproductive organ infections (ovary and oviduct) in the IV group, 83% (20/24, P = 0.007; 50% and 33% for strains A and strain B birds, respectively), was higher than that of the PO group, 46% (11/24; 29% and 17% for strains A and B, respectively), for the first 16 days of observation postinoculation. The proportion of fecal shedding for the IV group of birds was significantly (P = 0.009) lower, 29% (7/24; 33% and 25% respectively for strain A and strain B birds, respectively), than the PO group, 67% (16/24; 75% and 58% for strain A and strain B birds, respectively). Three (2.6%) of 234 egg pools were culture-positive for group D Salmonella from strain A chickens (1 of 119 pools from the IV group and 2 of 115 pools from the PO group of birds). Chickens infected with the field strain of S. enteritidis phage type 4 harbored the organism in tissues only for a brief time, most clearing within 8 DPI and nearly all within 16 DPI. Overall the percentage of culture-positive birds did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) between birds with and without lesions, but isolation of S. enteritidis tended to be more frequent when lesions were evident. This experiment also demonstrated that brown-egg-laying-type chickens were more susceptible than white-egg-laying-type chickens to S. enteritidis phage type 4 isolated from California based on gross and microscopic lesions and bacteriologic findings.     

Comparative toxicity of coniine, an alkaloid of Conium maculatum (poison hemlock), in chickens, quails, and turkeys

Coniine, an alkaloid of Conium maculatum (poison hemlock), was administered by gavage to immature chickens, quails, and turkeys at 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight. At 25 mg coniine/kg body weight, clinical signs were observed only in quails (2/10) and consisted of excitement, depression, hypermetria, seizures, opisthotonos, and flaccid paralysis. Chickens (9/10) and quails (8/10) dosed at 50 mg/kg body weight were affected, and several birds of each species died (2/10 and 5/10, respectively). Turkeys (7/10) were affected only when dosed at 100 mg/kg body weight, and quails (6/10), turkeys (4/10), and chickens (10/10) died at this dose. There were no gross or microscopic lesions. Coniine was detected in skeletal muscle and liver of birds dying after ingestion and was present in some survivors 7 days post-treatment.     

Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni in poultry reared under different management systems in Nigeria

Cloacal swabs from 487 live birds in 36 flocks and 70 poultry carcasses were cultured for Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni. It was isolated from 12.3% of the birds in 19 flocks. Chickens, turkeys, and guinea fowl differed from one another in isolation rates of the organism. Management system affected its occurrence, and only 7.1% of eviscerated carcasses yielded it. It was concluded that bird species, management system, and immersing slaughtered poultry in boiling water before dressing affect recovery of C. fetus subsp. jejuni from live birds and carcasses.     

Gonadotrophin concentrations during growth and maturation in domestic turkeys

1. Circulating immuno-reactive-luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured between hatching and either 17 or 30 weeks of age in turkeys. 2. In one experiment both sexes were reared together. The pattern of changes in gonadotrophin concentration with age consisted of high LH concentrations at 3 to 8 and 16 to 19 weeks old and FSH peaks between weeks 3 and 10 and at weeks 18 and 19. 3. In two separate experiments male and female birds were reared separately for 17 weeks. In these turkeys the LH concentration was high for 3 weeks following hatching and also after 10 weeks, while FSH was elevated at weeks 10 and 15 in females and at weeks 7 and 13 in males. 4. There were lower plasma LH concentrations in turkeys which had received testosterone implants while the FSH concentration was elevated. 5. Pinealectomy in female turkeys led to increased FSH concentrations at 2 weeks but depressed FSH concentrations thereafter.