Antagonistic activity of Aeromonas media strain A199 against Saprolegnia sp., an opportunistic pathogen of the eel,Anguilla australis Richardson

A bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) produced by Aeromonas media strain A199 inhibited the growth of Saprolegnia sp. in vitro, an opportunistic pathogen isolated from affected eels, Anguilla australis (Richardson). The presence of BLIS in solid media inhibited the growth of the vegetative state of the aquatic mould as well as the germination of cysts. Uninhibited growth was, however, observed in the presence of inactive BLIS, suggesting that the in vitro antagonism derived from the BLIS of A199. In four independent in vivo tank observations of fish affected with saprolegniosis, the daily addition of A199 to tank water contributed to the subsequent swift recovery of affected hosts from invasion by this opportunistic pathogen.     

鳗源嗜水气单胞菌主要外膜蛋白基因克隆及其表达

A pair of primers were designed according to the published nucleotide sequence of a putative outer membrane protein gene (omp) of Aeromonas hydrophila . With the specific primers, a target fragment about 1.1 kb was amplified from Aeromonas hydrophila ML316 via PCR .The target fragment was inserted into the linearized pGEM-T easy vector. After enzyme restriction and sequencing analysis,the nucleotide data had been further analyzed by DNAman and ClutalW software. The analysis results showed that the cloned DNA fragment had a longest open reading frame (ORF) of 1035 nt,it predicted to be encoded a 344 aa protein with the molecular weight of 36 kD. Hydrophobicity analysis suggested that the protein was highly hydrophilic, especialy at the first 24 aminoacid, this region could function as signal peptide. The homologious comparison proved the cloned gene had 96% homology to the sequence of the omp gene, and the alignment of the amino acid sequence was 98% . The recombinant plasmid was constructed with the target gene and the expressing vector pGEX-4T-1 and then was transformed into E. coli BL21（DE3）by BamH and Sal I .The fusion protein was expressed under the IPTG inducing condition,and exhibited about 62 kD in size,very close to the predicted molecular weight of GSTMOMP, furthermore,the fusion protein was specifically recognized by antiserum which raised against the major outer membrane protein of AHML316. Considering all these together, it proved that the cloned gene represented the major outer membrane protein gene of AHML316, and the expressed gene products shared identical antigenicity with the natural main outer membrane protein,and also provided technical support for developing an advanced gene engineering vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila.     

Welfare aspects of live chilling and freezing of farmed eel (Anguilla anguilla L.): neurological and behavioural assessment

The overall objective of the study was to evaluate a slaughter method of eels, which consisted of chilling until their body temperature was <5 °C for stunning, and subsequently placing them in cold brine at −18 °C for 15 min for killing. Three distinct experiments and a control were performed.

Firstly, 19 eels with an average live weight of 758±44 g were restrained and equipped with EEG, ECG electrodes and a temperature sensor inside the body. Then, they were placed in the ice water. Indices for the induction of unconsciousness and insensibility were the appearance of theta and delta waves and no response on pain stimuli, which disappeared at a body temperature of 8.0±2.1 °C after 12±5 min in 15 eels. The responses to pain stimuli did not disappear in three eels. Within a confidence level of 95%, the percentage of eels that is not effectively stunned during the procedure in ice water of <5 °C was at least 5%. The heart rate decreased from 24±10 beats/min (n=14) to 7±4 (n=11) and became irregular during cooling down. When placed in the brine water of −18 °C, the EEG showed rapid and extreme depolarisation of the membranes, which started after 27±17 s (n=18). The ECG showed fluttering of the heart in all eels. None of the eels recovered after this procedure.

For 10 eels with an average live weight of 128±27 g, it was observed that the body temperature decreased from 17.1±0.6 to 4.0±0.5 °C in the ice water. After 15 min in the brine water of −16.1±2.2 °C, the body temperature decreased to −3.1±2.3 °C.

Finally, three groups of seven eels and eight single eels were placed in ice water of −0.0±0.1 °C. The observation of unrestrained eels revealed four phases. Animals were (1) swimming around in the water, (2) attempting to escape from the ice water, (3) pressing their nose to the wall or corner while showing clonic muscle cramps, and finally (4) breathing only, while all other muscle activity was totally suppressed. Afterwards, they were transferred to cold brine at −18 °C, and none of the eels recovered.

The eight control eels, which were transferred to water at 18 °C, swam around, except for one that was lying in an S-shape position at the bottom. After 570 and 605 s, two eels tried to escape from the box.

The obtained results show that the eels, which were transferred from water at 18 °C to ice water, might be stressed, a specific behaviour and an irregular heart rate were observed. From an animal welfare point of view, it is therefore not recommended to stun eels by live chilling. Moreover, at least 5% of the eels will not be stunned at a body temperature of <5 °C. Placing eels in brine water of −18 °C is an effective method to kill the eels before slaughter. However, it cannot be recommended to place conscious eels in cold brine water, because it takes more than 27 s before unconsciousness may be induced.     

Evaluating innovative technologies for multistage fish growth processes: Case study of an eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) farm

A new method for evaluating innovative technologies for multistage fish growth processes was developed. An earlier economic model was adapted to meet the real-world requirements of a commercial eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) farm. The economic benefits of different innovative technologies at the farm level were evaluated where the technology included multiple production alternatives at various intensities and several growth stages. Data were gathered into “bio-economic” tables that take into account the biological parameters of each production alternative and the costs related to its development and implementation. The adjusted data were then divided into groups of production alternatives and feasible combinations of alternatives for each of three growth stages were evaluated to determine the best technology for the overall growth process. A computer program enabled us to enumerate all potential innovative technologies, collect information on biological parameters and costs by growth stage, and compare additional profit expected after implementation of each innovation. Results reveal the most profitable innovative technologies by growth stage for the 5-year eel culture. Comparison of the 10 best technologies shows that combining the alternatives with the best biological parameters for each growth stage does not necessarily result in the maximum additional profit for the farm.     

高致病性维氏气单胞菌胞外产物对斑点鲖的致病性

为了研究维氏气单胞菌及其胞外产物的致病机制对预防和治疗斑点鲖维氏气单胞菌病的作用。通过对一株高致病性斑点鲖源维氏气单胞菌胞外产物(extracellular product,ECP)的提取并结合体内外实验研究其酶活性与致病性,以期为维氏气单胞菌的致病机制研究提供新思路。采用饱和硫酸铵沉淀法,对一株高致病性的斑点鲖源维氏气单胞菌的ECP进行了提取,将其进行浓度检测、SDS-PAGE分析和酶活测定;并将提取的ECP攻毒斑点鲖,通过病理学分析研究其致病机制。提取的ECP经考马斯亮蓝试剂盒确定其浓度为0.743 mg/m L;SDS-PAGE分析发现该ECP类型丰富,分子大小主要集中在20.0~33.0 ku。运用琼脂平板扩散法对ECP中主要毒力和代谢相关酶活性进行体外测定,发现ECP具有脂酶、蛋白酶、卵磷脂酶、DNA酶和溶血活性,不具有淀粉酶、明胶酶、脲酶活性;并对与毒力密切相关的溶血活性进行了进一步的溶血谱绘制,发现ECP对其他多种动物红细胞都有溶血活性,对鱼类红细胞溶血性较强,但对鸡、鸭红细胞无溶血活性。ECP攻毒健康斑点鲖后,发现其具有明显致病性,死亡率高达100%。病鱼大体病理变化为体表黏液增多,出现褪色斑以及不同程度的出血斑;眼球充血;肛门红肿外凸;剖检病变表现:鳃丝充血肿胀、肝脏肿大、散在少量出血点,脾脏肿大暗红,肠道扩张、肠壁变薄、肠腔内有大量黄色黏液。组织学病变主要表现为肝细胞变性、坏死;脾脏淋巴细胞减少,大量结缔组织增生;胃、肠道黏膜上皮坏死脱落。该株维氏气单胞菌的胞外产物具有多种酶活性,且对斑点鲖具有明显的致病性,推测该胞外产物在维氏气单胞菌入侵、感染甚至致死斑点鲖过程中都发挥了重要作用。     

sodA、sodB和KatG在嗜水气单胞菌抗氧化胁迫中的协同作用

以嗜水气单胞菌野生株B11和基因稳定沉默株sodA-RNAi、sodB-RNAi和KatGRNAi为研究对象,比较野生株和沉默株在不同氧化胁迫条件下sodA,sodB和KatG表达的相关性及与细菌生长和存活的相关性,以探讨抗氧化胁迫基因在细菌抵御氧化胁迫过程中的作用和机制。结果显示,无氧化胁迫条件下sodA、sodB和KatG中任何一个基因被沉默后,其余两个基因的表达均受到显著抑制,说明这些抗氧化胁迫基因在表达上密切相关。在外源H2O2胁迫下,sodA、sodB和KatG中任何一个基因被沉默后,其他两个抗氧化胁迫基因的表达均表现为显著上调;在甲基紫晶(MV)诱导的内源性活性氧(ROS)胁迫下,各沉默株中sodA或sodB的表达水平总体表达为上调,但是在KatG的表达却呈现下调,说明sods的表达在细菌抵御内源性ROS的损伤中更具重要性。在H_2O_2胁迫下,随着H_2O_2浓度的增加,野生株B11的存活率仍然保持在较高的水平,而沉默株sodA-RNAi、sodB-RNAi和KatG-RNAi的存活率则显著降低;此外,菌株生长曲线显示,sodA、sodB和KatG的表达可影响嗜水气单胞菌生长曲线延滞期的长短。在不同浓度MV诱导的ROS胁迫下,野生株B11和沉默株KatG-RNAi的存活率仍然保持在较高的水平,沉默株sodA-RNAi和sodB-RNAi的存活率则显著降低,但4株菌仍然能保持一定的生长能力。研究表明,在不同氧化胁迫条件下,细菌可通过不同抗氧化胁迫基因的协同作用,共同抵御ROS的损伤,在H_2O_2的胁迫下,KatG对嗜水气单胞菌的生存更为重要,而在MV诱导的内源性ROS胁迫下,sod的表达对嗜水气单胞菌生存的贡献更为突出。     

一株从草鱼中分离的嗜水气单胞菌的病原学及基因组特征

为确定南昌地区某渔场草鱼出血性败血症的病原体及病原特征,从患病草鱼的肝脏病灶中分离出一株致病菌A1310。对分离菌进行了形态特征、理化特性等表型生物学检验、人工感染实验及对抗菌药物的敏感性实验,并对其进行了全基因组测序、基于多序列位点分型(multilocus sequence typing,MLST)的系统进化分析及毒力基因分析。结果显示,生理生化鉴定证明该菌为嗜水气单胞菌,当浓度达1.0×10⁶ CFU/mL时,对草鱼有致病性;对供试20种抗菌药物中的青霉素等7种耐药,对卡那霉素等5种敏感;A1310株基因组框架序列共包含96个与毒力和防御相关基因,其中多药耐药性外排泵基因占大多数,约为22%;与美国斑点叉尾鮰分离株(S15-242、S15-458、S15-591、S15-700)聚类为同一进化分支;比较基因组分析发现,A1310具有一个删减版的Ⅵ型分泌系统(type Ⅵ secretion system,T6SS),基因数量为标准Ⅵ型分泌系统的80%,缺少vgrG和vca0109基因的部分片段。综上所述,来源于草鱼的嗜水气单胞菌菌株A1310,与美国斑点叉尾鮰分离株具有亲缘关系,含有多个已报道的嗜水气单胞菌的毒力基因。本研究不仅丰富了嗜水气单胞菌的生物学性状内容,也为嗜水气单胞菌的有效检验、防治和深入研究提供一定的参考,对草鱼的疾病防控具有一定意义。     

注射菌苗的生殖期黄颡鱼亲鱼的外周血细胞和体液免疫变化

阐明生殖期亲鱼在注射灭活菌苗后的血细胞和体液免疫变化规律,是预防亲鱼产后虚弱患病和仔鱼染病死亡的理论基础。本研究在试验组和对照组黄颡鱼胸鳍基部分别注射0.2 mL浓度为1.0×10⁸ CFU/mL福尔马林灭活温和气单胞菌苗（F-AS）和0.65%灭菌生理盐水,在免疫后第1、2、4、7、14、21、28、35天,从尾静脉采血,测定外周血液血细胞数量及组成比例,血细胞吞噬活性和抗体效价。结果显示：注射菌苗后白细胞数量和淋巴细胞的白细胞分类计数逐渐增加,显著高于对照;中性粒细胞、单核细胞的白细胞分类计数以及吞噬百分比（PP）、吞噬指数（PI）在4～7 d显著高于对照;抗体效价逐渐升高且在第14天达到最高,随后逐渐下降;而红细胞数和血栓细胞的白细胞分类计数逐渐下降,显著低于对照组。结果表明：单次注射菌苗后亲鱼可以产生良好的免疫应答,1～7 d以增强单核细胞和中性粒细胞等非特异细胞免疫为主;7～35 d淋巴细胞增值,并大量释放抗体且在第21天淋巴细胞出现极显著升高,此后虽逐渐下降但仍显著高于对照,抗体维持在较高水平上的时间为1周左右,建议在黄颡鱼催产前10～14 d进行单次菌苗注射以增强亲鱼免疫力。     

嗜水气单胞菌拮抗菌甲基营养型芽孢杆菌WM-1发酵条件优化

为优化嗜水气单胞菌拮抗菌——甲基营养型芽孢杆菌WM-1的发酵条件,获得抑菌物质产生的最佳培养基配方和培养条件,本实验以嗜水气单胞菌为指示菌,以发酵上清液的抑菌活性为检测指标,采用单因素和正交实验设计,对菌株WM-1的发酵条件进行优化。结果显示,菌株WM-1最适发酵培养基为可溶性淀粉1.0%、牛肉膏1.5%、硫酸镁0.07%、磷酸氢二钾0.05%;最佳发酵条件为初始pH 7.5、培养温度30°C、装液量20%、摇床转速210 r/min、培养时间48 h。在最适培养基和最佳发酵条件下,菌株WM-1发酵液抑菌圈直径达(22.5±0.50)mm,抑菌活性比优化前提高了40.6%。本研究为嗜水气单胞菌的防治提供了新的材料、为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌应用于嗜水气单胞菌的生物防控提供了理论基础。     

杀鲑气单胞菌灭活疫苗的制备及其在大菱鲆体内的免疫效果

为了预防大菱鲆疥疮病,本研究将杀鲑气单胞菌菌株HHSM1905经甲醛灭活制备成灭活疫苗,通过腹腔注射途径免疫健康大菱鲆;对免疫后大菱鲆血清抗体效价、血清溶菌酶(LZM)活性、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性及疫苗保护率进行测定;以β-actin为内参,对免疫相关基因(IL-1β、TLR-5、MHCⅠ、MHCⅡ-α、CD4)表达情况进行定量PCR分析。结果显示,在免疫后2周时,疫苗组血清抗体效价显著高于对照组并达到最大值;疫苗组LZM活性在免疫2周时达到峰值,4周时仍与对照组保持显著差异;疫苗组ACP活性在免疫后的2周达到峰值,与对照组差异显著;灭活疫苗相对保护率(RPS)为72.72%。免疫组与对照组相比,IL-1β、TLR-5、MHCⅠ、MHCⅡ-α、CD4的表达量均呈上调趋势,与对照组差异显著。本研究成功制备了大菱鲆用杀鲑气单胞菌灭活疫苗,其对大菱鲆疥疮病能够起到一定的预防作用,可为大菱鲆养殖过程中疾病预防提供新方法。     

冬凌草甲素对嗜水气单胞菌体外抑菌效果及作用机制

通过测定冬凌草甲素对嗜水气单胞菌的最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC)、最低杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration, MBC)和对细菌生长的影响,及其对菌体形态、电导率、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)活性、蛋白质和DNA的影响,探究冬凌草甲素对耐药性嗜水气单胞菌的体外抑菌作用及其机制。结果显示,冬凌草甲素对嗜水气单胞菌具有明显抑制作用,MIC为256μg/mL,MBC为512μg/mL。当2MIC浓度的冬凌草甲素作用于嗜水气单胞菌CW株8、16 h后,菌体变形,细胞壁和细胞膜分离,细胞质空化。与对照组相比,药物组菌悬液的电导率显著升高,并且在冬凌草甲素作用6 h后达到5.66%。冬凌草甲素作用8 h后嗜水气单胞菌的LDH活性降低了20.8%,可溶性蛋白含量显著降低。DAPI染色结果显示,药物组荧光密度和强度均较对照组弱。DNA外渗量结果显示,较对照组上升了(29.32±1.02) mg/L。研究表明,冬凌草甲素对嗜水气单胞菌具有较强的抗菌作用,主要通过增加细胞膜的通透性,干扰蛋白质代谢进而抑制细菌的生长繁殖。     

实时荧光定量PCR扩增特异性vapA基因检测杀鲑气单胞菌

为实现杀鲑气单胞菌早期快速准确定量检测,研究旨在建立杀鲑气单胞菌的SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)检测方法。根据GenBank中杀鲑气单胞菌毒力阵列蛋白基因(vapA)保守序列设计并合成一对特异性引物,对其特异性、灵敏度、可重复性和应用性进行评价。结果显示,研究设计的引物具有良好的种间特异性,仅对杀鲑气单胞菌及其亚种有阳性扩增,与其他细菌不发生交叉反应。构建的Real-time PCR标准曲线质粒拷贝数与循环阈值呈良好的线性关系,扩增所得标准曲线分别为y=–4.8345x+42.535,相关系数R~2为0.998,最低检测限为34拷贝/μL,较常规PCR的灵敏度高出约1000倍。应用建立的方法检测人工感染的虹鳟病样,15个被检样品呈阳性反应,与细菌常规鉴定方法结果一致。研究表明,所建立的基于实时荧光定量PCR技术的杀鲑气单胞菌检测方法快速、特异、灵敏,可用于临床诊断和疫病监测。     

嗜水气单胞菌刺激下鲤血清质子转运载体15a2(Slc15a2)的表达分析

为解析鲤质子转运载体15a2 (Slc15a2)在嗜水气单胞菌侵染过程中对机体免疫应答机制的影响,实验通过制备鼠源Slc15a2-1和Slc15a2-2多克隆抗体,采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)技术检测嗜水气单胞菌感染后鲤血清中Slc15a2-1和Slc15a2-2蛋白表达变化。结果显示,(1)感染后2个拷贝的最高蛋白表达水平与空白对照组相比,分别增加了4.81和2.48倍;与Slc15a2-1相比Slc15a2-2的表达量从0～48 h一直处于较高表达水平。(2)从整体来看,Slc15a2的2个拷贝具有相似的表达趋势,均为先升高后降低、再升高再降低;但Slc15a2-1在3 h达到第1个表达高峰,而Slc15a2-2则在6 h达到第1个表达高峰。(3) 6～24 h的4个时期中,Slc15a2-1和Slc15a2-2蛋白表达呈现互补的表达趋势,即在同一时期一个拷贝的表达量显著下降,另一个拷贝的表达量显著升高,但总体维持较高表达水平。结果表明,本实验制备的鼠源Slc15a2-1和Slc15a2-2多克隆抗体具有较高的亲和力和特异性,当鲤受到嗜水气单胞菌侵染后,2个拷贝整体具有相似的...     

嗜水气单胞菌AraC家族转录调控因子AetY的功能

为研究嗜水气单胞菌中国流行菌株NJ-35的AraC家族转录调控因子AetY(U876_01475)的功能,本实验采用同源重组技术构建了该基因的缺失株ΔaetY及互补株CΔaetY,并对野生株、缺失株及互补株生物被膜形成能力、自凝集活性、对恩诺沙星的耐药性和对斑马鱼的致病力进行检测。结果显示,与野生株相比,ΔaetY生物被膜形成能力、自凝集活性、对恩诺沙星的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)均显著降低,对斑马鱼致病力明显降低,半数致死量(LD_(50))增加400余倍。CΔaetY各项指标均恢复至野生株水平。本研究首次针对嗜水气单胞菌AraC家族成员进行了基因功能分析,为进一步探究该菌的致病机理提供参考。     

日本鳗鲡人工繁殖的研究进展

为了解日本鳗鲡玻璃鳗的早期营养需求,分别对中国近海6个不同地点玻璃鳗体组织一般营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量进行了分析。结果显示,野生玻璃鳗体组织中水分含量为78.62%±2.03%,干重基础下粗蛋白质含量为69.08%±0.64%、粗脂肪含量为11.96%±1.33%、粗灰分含量为11.45%±1.30%。在台州、舟山、南通和东台4个采样点的样品中,水分含量无显著差异,而粗蛋白含量以舟山点最高、粗脂肪含量最低,并且舟山点样品肠道内发现可见内容物。玻璃鳗样品中氨基酸含量以谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸、赖氨酸、亮氨酸最高,半胱氨酸最低;除舟山点外,各采样点氨基酸含量无明显差异。不同洄游地点玻璃鳗组织中脂肪酸含量均以C16:0、C18:1n9、C20:5n3(EPA)、C22:5n3、C22:6n3(DHA)为主要成分,其中EPA和DHA共占脂肪酸总量的31.59%±1.00%,不同洄游地点样品必需脂肪酸含量差异明显。研究表明,必需氨基酸、必需脂肪酸对于玻璃鳗的正常生长存活具有重要意义。此外,对比不同地点营养物质组成及稚鱼饵料理论需求量分析,推测舟山点海洋环境中包含更适合玻璃鳗稚鱼摄食的食物,需进一步研究分析,为日本鳗鲡开口饵料的研究提供理论支持。     

L-半胱氨酸提高嗜水气单胞菌对氟苯尼考的敏感性

抗菌药物的应用能对细菌感染性疾病进行有效地控制和治疗,但水产动物养殖中滥用和误用抗菌药物导致耐药细菌的产生、养殖水环境污染和养殖动物药物残留等一系列问题,应对和解决抗菌药物在水产动物养殖中的滥用问题已经刻不容缓。本研究通过抗菌药物杀菌、组织细菌清除、细菌攻毒、鱼体存活率统计和药物敏感性检测等方法,探究外源L-半胱氨酸添加对氟苯尼考杀菌作用的影响。体外杀菌结果显示,4.00 mmol/LL-半胱氨酸可使20.00～200.00μg/mL氟苯尼考对嗜水气单胞菌的杀菌效率提高1.9～11.1倍,其联合用药的杀菌作用具有剂量和时间依赖效应。组织细菌清除结果显示,相比单独使用氟苯尼考,L-半胱氨酸与氟苯尼考合剂对鱼体肝脏、脾脏和肾脏组织中嗜水气单胞菌的清除能力提高4～16倍。细菌攻毒后,采用注射和口服L-半胱氨酸或/和氟苯尼考进行治疗,结果发现L-半胱氨酸与氟苯尼考合剂可大幅提高黄河鲤对嗜水气单胞菌的抗感染能力。同时,单独添加L-半胱氨酸也能促进组织细菌的清除和鱼体的抗感染能力。细菌MIC测定结果显示,添加1.00～4.00 mmol/L L-半胱氨酸使嗜水气单胞菌对氟苯尼考的敏感性提高2～4倍。由此推测,L-半胱氨酸可能通过增强嗜水气单胞菌对氟苯尼考的敏感性,从而提高抗菌药物对鱼体细菌感染的防治效果。研究表明,L-半胱氨酸作为氟苯尼考的增效剂不仅可提高抗菌药物的防治效果,而且可大幅降低抗菌药物的使用量,对嗜水气单胞菌的防控具有一定的实际应用价值。     

嗜水气单胞菌ompA、flaA基因重组干酪乳杆菌对鲤生长及免疫效果分析

为构建嗜水气单胞菌ompA和flaA基因重组干酪乳杆菌并分别检测其表达产物对鲤生长及免疫效果的影响,实验将目的基因克隆至乳酸菌穿梭表达质粒pPG612中,并电转至干酪乳杆菌中,经诱导后包被饲料对鲤进行饲养56 d,称重并采集血清及组织,分析生长指标及免疫指标变化。在56 d饲养免疫结束后结果显示,生长指标显示重组干酪乳杆菌组与对照组无显著差异,表明重组干酪乳杆菌对生长无影响;免疫效果分析显示,血清中IgM表达水平显著上升。血清中AKP、LZM、SOD、CAT、C3和C4也均显著升高。荧光定量PCR检测发现,免疫后肝脏、脾脏、头肾及肠组织中的细胞免疫因子基因IL-1β、IL-8、TNF-α、 NF-κB、 TLR5及MYD88的表达水平有不同程度的显著提升;其中TLR5及MYD88表达量在Lc-mcs-flaA组高于Lc-mcs-ompA组。攻毒后Lc-mcs-ompA与Lc-mcs-flaA组免疫保护率分别为59%与54%,显著高于对照组。研究表明,本实验构建的重组干酪乳杆菌Lc-mcs-ompA与Lc-mcs-flaA免疫鲤能刺激机体产生免疫应答反应,进而提高自身存活率,为预防鱼类嗜...     

Development of thyroid gland and changes in thyroid hormone levels in Leptocephali of Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonica)

Development of the thyroid gland of the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) was studied with the use of tank-reared fish. A single thyroid follicle was first found in larvae at 29 days post hatching (dph), total length (TL) 12 mm. Until reaching 25 mm in TL (100 dph), leptocephali had one or two follicles per individual. The inner colloid of the follicles was weakly immuno-positive against the anti-thyroxine (T₄) antibody. The number of thyroid follicles and the immunoreactivity later increased as the larvae grew. Thyroid hormones (TH) T₄ and triiodothyronine (T₃) were not detected in premetamorphic larvae by radioimmunoassays, but became detectable during metamorphosis. The maximum level of T₄ was seen in fish at the end of metamorphosis and in just-metamorphosed juveniles, whereas T₃ reached the highest level during metamorphosis and declined toward the end of metamorphosis. The results indicated that the thyroid gland first became active during metamorphosis in the development of eel.     

Growth and survival of eel leptocephali (Anguilla japonica) in low-salinity water

We investigated the effects of low-salinity water on the growth, survival, and activity of artificially reared Japanese eel larvae (Anguilla japonica), proceeding from the assumption that such water quality saves energy due to lower cost for osmoregulation. We reared 5-day-old larvae in 0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100% seawater (SW) with or without diet for 13 days. All larvae reared in 0% and 10% SW died within 6 days, while larvae in 70% and 100% SW survived until 9 days. Larvae in 30% and 50% SW further survived until 13 days without diet. Significant growth in body depth was observed in 30% and 50% SW after 7 days rearing with diet (0.65 ± 0.02 and 0.62 ± 0.02 mm, respectively) as compared with the initial size (0.49 ± 0.03 mm), while no significant growth was observed under the other salinity conditions examined. Larvae swam actively in the light (about 2000 lx) in 50%, 70%, and 100% SW, while they were apparently inactive in 0%, 10%, and 30% SW. The long-term rearing trial showed a 2.2-fold higher 2-month cumulative survival rate in 50% SW (18.2%) than in 100% SW (8.2%). The body depth of larvae in 50% SW (1.58 ± 0.47 mm) was also significantly larger than in 100% SW (1.32 ± 0.35 mm). These findings indicate that the intermediate salinity can result in better growth and survival performance in Japanese eel larvae.     

草鱼miR-23a在嗜水气单胞菌感染过程中的调控机制

为探索嗜水气单胞菌感染后草鱼肾脏细胞(Ctenopharyngodon idella kidney,CIK)中miR-23a的调控机制,实验通过实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)测定了嗜水气单胞菌感染CIK细胞后miR-23a的表达量变化,使用RNAhybrid软件预测miR-23a的靶基因并用双萤光素酶报告基因检测系统进...