不同网具在人工鱼礁水平方向上诱集效果的比较

为了解东海典型软相泥地生境鱼礁投放后在水平梯度上的影响能力,于2014年8月在嵊泗人工鱼礁区采用等间距设点的方法,对不同网具(刺网、地笼网、拖网)在评价人工鱼礁区鱼类和大型无脊椎动物组成方面的应用效果进行了初步探讨。结果表明,刺网渔获组成以鱼类为主,占刺网总渔获种类的51.1%;拖网主要为节肢类,其次是鱼类,分别占拖网总渔获种类的41%和37.7%;地笼网的渔获种类分布则较为均衡。比较不同采样方法在鱼礁区水平方向上多样性的表征能力,拖网优于刺网和地笼网,3种网具组合的采样方式优于单种网具或任意两种网具相互组合。自人工鱼礁核心区向外,各站点生物资源量、多样性等指标大致呈逐渐减少的趋势。从上述指标的空间差异来看,三横山鱼礁区的有效辐射距离约为200 m,而东库山鱼礁区辐射距离为200~300 m。研究结论认为,相对于单一采样方法,组合刺网、地笼网和改进型底拖网的综合采样方式可以获得更完整的现场信息,从而更好地揭示人工鱼礁投放后水平方向的资源分布和群落结构状况。     

天津大神堂海域人工鱼礁区游泳动物群落特征变化

为研究天津大神堂海域人工鱼礁建设初期游泳动物群落特征的变化,于2014年6月10日、7月28日、9月22日对人工鱼礁区和对照区进行三次调查。结果表明:人工鱼礁区游泳动物种类与对照区相近,但优势种种类在6月和7月少于对照区;6月份人工鱼礁区的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均显著低于7月份和9月份(P﹤0.05),而对照区在各月份没有显著性差异(P﹥0.05);6和7月份人工鱼礁区的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均显著低于同一月份对照区数值(P﹤0.05);人工鱼礁区渔获物CPUE、渔获数量和埃三极能值仅在7月份存在显著性差异(P﹤0.05);人工鱼礁区各月份经济渔获物CPUE和经济渔获数量与对照区的差异均未达到显著水平;人工鱼礁区经济渔获数量从6月到9月呈逐渐增加的趋势,并且6月和9月达到显著性差异水平,但对照区各月份数值相近。结果表明,人工鱼礁投放初期渔业资源种群会受到一定程度扰动,随着时间的推移人工鱼礁良好生态效益逐步显现。     

天津大神堂人工鱼礁区生态养护效果的初步评估

根据天津海域活牡蛎礁区人工鱼礁区2012年5月份的本底调查和2012年8月份、2013年5月份和8月份3个航次的渔业资源跟踪调查数据,采用生物多样性指数分析了投礁前后渔业资源种类组成和物种多样性的时空分布特征。海域游泳动物群落的健康状况指标(Exergy值)投礁后高于投礁前,但差异不明显(P0.05)。聚类分析表明,本底调查和跟踪调查样方分区明显,表明鱼礁投放后,鱼礁区群落结构明显改善。投礁后物种种类数和总生产效益的增加说明人工鱼礁建设取得了明显的生态效益和经济效益。     

海州湾人工鱼礁大型底栖生物调查

海州湾人工鱼礁建设已经开展了4年,为了解海州湾人工鱼礁投放前后礁区大型底栖生物的变动情况,对礁区大型底栖生物资源进行了调查。结果表明:海州湾人工鱼礁海域共鉴定出大型底栖生物94种,其中软体动物、甲壳动物和鱼类是构成人工鱼礁大型底栖生物的主要类群,三者占总种类数的88.30%。投礁前人工鱼礁海域共调查发现大型底栖生物32种,投礁一年后增加到38种,投礁后第四年增加到44种。投礁前人工鱼礁海域大型底栖生物平均生物量和栖息密度分别为0.560 3 g/m2和0.207 5 ind/m2,投礁一年后平均生物量和栖息密度分别增加到1.127 g/m2和0.387 5 ind/m2,投礁后第二年和第四年的平均生物量和栖息密度也均高于投礁前。投礁前人工鱼礁海域大型底栖生物群落结构相对稳定,投礁后底栖生物群落系统出现扰动,鱼礁区的底栖生物群落系统处于一个暂时波动状态。     

珠江口万山群岛海域春季渔业资源群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系

万山群岛海域是我国传统渔场之一, 但目前对于该海域的渔业资源状况缺乏深入了解, 特别是岩礁性渔业资源数据非常缺乏。本研究于 2021 年春季在该海域开展了底拖网和三重刺网作业调查, 对渔业资源群落组成、优势种及数量分布、生物多样性进行了分析, 结果显示: 调查共鉴定出渔业生物 220 种(三重刺网 187 种, 底拖网 52 种), 隶属于 15 目 72 科 137 属, 其中, 鱼类和甲壳类分别为 176 种和 38 种, 分别占总种类数的 80.0%和 17.3%; 相对重要性指数(IRI)分析表明(IRI≥1000 为优势种), 三重刺网调查优势种为云斑海猪鱼(Halichoeres nigrescens)和黄斑蓝子鱼 (Siganus canaliculatus), 而底拖网调查优势种为竹筴鱼 (Trachurus japonicus)、短吻鲾 (Leiognathus brevirostris)和赤鼻棱鳀(Thryssa kammalensis); 三重刺网与底拖网作业渔获的 Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数(H'')平均值分别为 2.50 和 1.35, Margalef 丰富度指数(D)平均值分别为 5.85 和 2.52, Peilou 均匀度指数(J'')平均值分别为 0.77 和 0.54; 渔业资源群落特征与水温和硅酸盐浓度呈不同程度的正相关性。总体而言, 万山群岛三重刺网调查发现的渔业资源种类数和多样性要明显高于底拖网, 两种调查方式的渔业资源种类组成差异也较大, 万山群岛岩礁性渔业资源丰富, 但经济价值较高的岩礁性渔业资源量较少。     

台湾海峡南部海域游泳生物区系组成和渔业资源现状

20 0 0～ 2 0 0 1年台湾海峡南部海域游泳生物调查研究结果表明 ,该海域的游泳生物有 36 5种 ,其中鱼类 2 72种 (硬骨鱼类 2 6 1种 ,软骨鱼类 11种 ) ,隶属 2 0目 ,86科 179属 ;其次为甲壳类 70种 ;头足类 2 3种。暖水性鱼类种类 2 0 8种 ,占鱼类种数的 76 .4 7% ;暖温性鱼类为 6 4种 ,占 2 3.5 3% ;无冷温性鱼类。鱼类区系属于印度 -太平洋的中国 -日本亚区。种类数的季节变化依次呈秋季大于春季大于冬季大于夏季。生物量的季节变化 ,依次呈夏季大于秋季大于冬季大于春季。而生物量尾数的季节变化依次呈春季大于冬季大于秋季大于夏季。生物量和生物量尾数的优势种分别为中国枪乌贼和静蝠。各站点月平均生物量分布为 2 7.6 6 5～ 73.5 2 0kg/(h·net) ,平均为 4 4 .4 6 6kg/(h·net)。月平均生物量尾数分布为 1312～ 6 35 6ind/(h·net) ,平均为 2 30 2ind/(h·net)。应用Cushing模式估算该海域渔业资源量为 10 8.0 8× 10 4t。根据Cadim模式估算最大持续产量为 6 1.2 2× 10 4t。文中对渔业资源结构、种类组成变化和渔业资源现状进行了探讨     

大亚湾杨梅坑人工鱼礁区渔业资源变动初步研究

杨梅坑人工鱼礁区位于大亚湾西北部,2007年12月25日完成投礁9．51×10^4m^3,礁区面积2．75km^2。分别于2007年、2008年和2009年春季,采用拖网和刺网相结合的方法,进行了1次建礁前的本底调查和2次建礁后的跟踪调查。结果表明,礁区2次拖网跟踪调查的游泳生物平均渔获种数分别为建礁前调查的2．13倍和2．50倍,平均资源密度分别为建礁前调查的3．38倍和8．19倍,平均尾数资源密度分别为建礁前调查的11．57倍和23．39倍。礁区2次刺网跟踪调查礁区游泳生物平均渔获种数分别为建礁前的2．29倍和3．14倍,平均渔获率分别为建礁前的5．51倍和9．49倍,平均尾数渔获率分别为建礁前的11．33倍和10．06倍。渔业资源生物多样性指数呈上升趋势。     

廉江龙头沙人工鱼礁区初显集鱼效果

根据2002年11月和2006年11月对廉江龙头沙人工鱼礁区进行渔业资源底拖网调查的结果,初步评估人工鱼礁建设对礁区及邻近海域渔业资源的养护效果.结果显示:投礁后,礁区内资源种类(特别是鱼类)增加明显,由投礁前的9种增加到23种,增加了1.56倍,而对照海区资源种类(特别是鱼类)明显减少,由投礁前的26种减少至15种,减少了42.31%;投礁后各类资源的资源密度明显比投礁前高,礁区内和对照海区总资源密度分别比投礁前增加了9.25倍和1.06倍;投礁一年多来,礁区内已初步形成新型的人工生境,头足类成为礁区内的新增优势类群,杜氏枪乌贼成为对照海区的第一优势种,初步显示出人工鱼礁对游泳生物(特别是鱼类和头足类)的诱集效果,并且这种效果已波及到礁区邻近海域.     

惠州东山海将投放大型人工鱼礁3252个

正大亚湾已建成人工鱼礁34.67平方公里,将建设大型人工鱼礁示范区近年来,由于多年受过度捕捞等因素的影响,广东省多处海域的渔业资源逐年衰退,虽然采取多种有效措施加大了资源环境保护力度,但渔业资源衰退的局面尚未得到根本扭转,海洋生态恶化现象仍未得到有效控制,海底荒漠化,渔业资源衰退严重,优质种类渔获率下降,渔获物小型化、低龄化、低值化明显。加强人工鱼礁建设,发展休闲渔业,已成为我国保护海洋生态环境、养护渔业资源、转型升级渔业产     

三横山人工鱼礁区鱼类和大型无脊椎动物诱集效果初探

为了解人工鱼礁投放对鱼类和大型无脊椎动物(简称FM,以下同)的诱集效果,分别于2007年5、9月和2009年3、5、7月对上三横山人工鱼礁B区与泥底区进行了拖网本底和跟踪调查,并于2009年1-8月对下三横山人工鱼礁A区与鳗头山岩礁和泥底区进行了刺网调查。采用CPUE、Margalef种类丰富度d、经济种类数变化、Whilm多样性指数H′′等反映FM的资源状况。结果显示,(1)鱼礁A区和岩礁区在CPUE、种类丰富度、经济种和多样性上均无明显差异(P>0.05),而两者各指标与泥底区皆存在显著差异(P<0.05);(2)鱼礁B区,投礁后CPUE和经济种类数都明显高于投礁前也大于同期对照区,差异显著(P<0.05);礁区平均丰富度水平高出同期对照区31.1%(P<0.05);多样性水平相对投礁前和对照区都有一定提高,但尚无显著差异(0.05相似文献   

珠江口南沙海域秋季渔业资源群落结构特征

根据2015年11月珠江口南沙海域的渔业资源调查资料,对该海域秋季渔业资源群落组成、优势种和生物多样性等群落结构特征进行了初步研究。结果表明,该海域共出现渔业生物40种,以鱼类和甲壳类为主。其中,底层鱼类21种,中上层鱼类3种,甲壳类16种。相对重要性指数(IRI)可用来度量物种的生态优势度,秋季优势种类有亨氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis hungerfordi)和锐齿(Charybdis acuta)2种(IRI≥1 000)。该区域内各站位质量渔获率为0.63~11.15 kg·h~(-1),平均为4.23 kg·h~(-1);尾数渔获率为84~885尾·h~(-1),平均为433尾·h~(-1)。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')为2.07,Margalef丰富度指数(D)为1.64,Peilou均匀度指数(J')为0.59。分析表明,该海域渔获物以小型经济甲壳动物和经济幼鱼为主,渔获个体偏小,总体上多样性空间差异不大。与该区域2002年同月份的调查数据相比,目前渔获物多样性下降明显,群落结构相对简单。     

Historical perspective of artisanal encircling gillnet use at the Brazilian coast: Changes in fishing behaviour is mirrored by dwindling stocks

Managing coastal resources sometimes requires looking into the past, as this provides a baseline against which present conditions may be gauged. The present study evaluated the circumstances that led Brazilian coastal fishers to modify their use of encircling gillnets. Other stressors (i.e. water pollution and habitat degradation) acted synergistically on the fisheries dynamic between 1950 and 2016. Declining catches of several species were observed through fishers' historical perception and through fisheries landing records. Three notable trends in net handling were associated with distinct historical periods. Specifically, pressures from modern fishery practices and gear (e.g. monofilament nets), the adoption of spiral setting arrangements and the increasing use of trammel nets appear responsible for the decline of many stocks. Mullet, seabass, jack and pilchard stocks decreased over time and were associated the changes witnessed in the encircling net operations. These changes occurred in response to overexploitation of fish stocks, to exploit the dwindling fisheries resources. The study also discusses the reasons leading fishers to accept how encircling gillnets ought to be used, their interpretation of such changes and the implications these changes have for fisheries management.     

Assessment of efficiency and impacts of gillnets on fish conservation in a tropical freshwater fishery

相似文献   

Sri Lankan reservoir fishery: a case for introduction of a co-management strategy

The inland fisheries of Sri Lanka are essentially artisanal on most of the reservoirs in the country. The annual inland fish production declined dramatically after 1990, when state patronage for the development of the inland fisheries was discontinued for 4 years. This decline was shown to be a result of growth overfishing of the two dominant cichlid species which accounted for over 90% of landings. This was a result of using small mesh ( < 6.9 cm) gillnets in the absence of the State-sponsored monitoring procedure in the fishery after 1990. This indicates that it is necessary to monitor inland fisheries management in Sri Lanka through a centralized authority in the current situation. However, in some Sri Lankan reservoirs, fishing communities can be categorized as 'organized' because they collectively make decisions to define procedures for the rational exploitation of the fishery resources. In reservoirs with 'organized' fishing, the communities themselves have developed mechanisms to regulate the landing sizes of dominant cichlid fish species through community-based fisheries management strategies. In such reservoirs, over-exploitation of fish stocks was not evident, even after 1990, when state-sponsored monitoring procedures were suspended. Based on these observations, an alternative approach is recommended for the management of Sri Lankan reservoir capture fisheries in which the Government and resource-users have equal responsibilities in the management of the resources.     

利用GIS分析中西太平洋金枪鱼围网渔场的时空变动

根据中西太平洋1984~2003年金枪鱼围网渔业的渔获量统计资料,利用G IS定性分析方法和数值分析方法对中西太平洋海区的金枪鱼围网渔场的时空变动进行研究。研究结果表明:1984年到1991年,CPUE值在12.0~17.3 t/(d.n)之间;1992年至2003年,CPUE值在19.1~27.9 t/(d.n)之间,两个阶段的CPUE差异显著;Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ类渔场基本上全部分布在5°S~5°N、140°E~180°之间,但Ⅲ类渔场在南半球略往东延伸,在10~5°S、155°~160°E之间也有分布;Ⅳ、Ⅴ类渔场则分布在Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ类渔场的周边,其中Ⅳ类渔场主要位于东经地区,Ⅴ类渔场主要位于西经地区。     

福建省内陆捕捞渔具的作业类型及其数量组成分析

本文根据2009年8月至12月福建省捕捞业渔具渔法普查资料,分析整理了福建内陆地区捕捞业渔具渔法现状调查数据.结果表明:福建内陆地区捕捞渔具有刺网类、钓具类、笼壶类、拖网类、张网类、陷阱类、耙刺类、地拉网类、敷网类、掩罩类、抄网类和杂渔具等12个类别、21种作业型式、渔具总数量123204张(个、顶等).按渔具类别划分...     

三沙湾大黄鱼网箱养殖衍生有机物的沉降特征

为了解三沙湾大黄鱼（）网箱养殖衍生有机物（AOM）的沉降特征,采用原位实验方法,收集区域内使用颗粒饲料和冰鲜饵料两种典型饲喂方式下距离网箱200 m范围内AOM样品,分析其沉降量、营养物质[颗粒有机物（POM）、颗粒有机碳（POC）、颗粒态氮（PN）、总磷（TP）]沉降通量和扩散特点。研究结果表明,饲喂颗粒饲料状态下AOM沉降量显著高于投喂冰鲜饵料,两者均值分别为（563.66±119.18）g/（m²·d）和（266.07±139.15）g/（m²·d）。POM、POC、PN和TP沉降通量在两种饲喂方式下的差异与之相似,饲喂颗粒饲料时各参数均值分别为（27.25±2.43）g/（m²·d）、（6.03±0.58）g/（m²·d）、（0.66±0.06）g/（m²·d）和（0.39±0.04）g/（m²·d）;饲喂冰鲜饵料时各参数均值分别为（13.04±1.62）g/（m²·d）,（3.57±0.45）g/（m²·d）、（0.51±0.06）g/（m²·d）和（0.22±0.04）g/（m²·d）。沿近底层海流主导流向距离养殖网箱100 m的空间范围内,AOM沉降量和营养物质沉降通量均呈现自网箱处递减的变化特征,下降程度在饲喂冰鲜饵料时尤为显著。AOM中POC、PN和TP含量在饲喂冰鲜饵料时较高,在距离养殖网箱50 m范围内呈现递减趋势。综上,在三沙湾大黄鱼网箱养殖过程中,投喂颗粒饲料引发的环境污染程度高于冰鲜饵料,两种情形下的AOM沉降影响主要限于距离养殖网箱50~100 m的空间范围。三沙湾内饲喂颗粒饲料引发较高营养物质沉降通量源于较大的AOM沉降量,此现象说明养殖过程中可能存在颗粒饲料过度投喂、饵料利用效率较低等问题,围绕此类问题的针对性研究对于减缓区域内养殖活动的环境影响具有重要意义。     

Landing profiles of Portuguese fisheries: assessing the state of stocks

Long‐term trends in Portuguese fisheries landing profiles of biodiversity, assemblage composition, trophic groups and marine trophic index (1950–2009) were studied to understand the evolution of the fisheries from an ecological viewpoint and evaluate the effects of fisheries on stocks. The number of species landed has increased considerably since the 1980s. This indicates an expansion of the fisheries and also a better use of the marine biodiversity for redistributing effort. Changes in the ecological composition of fisheries catches have occurred since the 1950s, with a significant shift in the middle 1980s (anchor point). Deep‐sea resources and higher trophic levels (cephalopods, large benthopelagics, flatfishes, demersal invertebrates, small‐medium and large rays, medium bathydemersal, shrimps, small benthopelagics large sharks) have increased while traditional commercial species captured by nearshore fisheries (medium and small pelagics) have decreased. Despite the decreasing trend in catches since 1988, the marine trophic index (MTI = 3.04) increased by approximately 0.2 units per decade (MTI in 2009 = 3.46). The number of collapsed, overexploited and fully exploited stocks has increased considerably over the last 20 years (>50%). Overall, the data indicate that redistributing fishing effort and targeting of deep‐sea resources may have been driven by depletion of inshore fishery stocks, which signals concern for the fishery. Marine biodiversity indexes and ecological structure of landings profiles should be considered by fishery managers when redefining new marine fisheries policy.     

Effect of baiting gillnets in the Canadian Greenland halibut fishery

Catch rates were compared between gillnets with and without bait in the Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum) fishery off Baffin Island, Canada. Two different types of baiting techniques were compared: bait bags where squid were placed into 2‐mm mesh bags, and tied bait where squid were tied into meshes. Both types of baited gillnets significantly increased the capture of the target species, Greenland halibut, with increases of 253.8% and 149.7% for the bait bag and tied bait, respectively. Common bycatch species showed mixed effects, with roughhead grenadier Macrourus berglax Lacépède showing no increase in catch per unit effort (CPUE) for either bait type (p > 0.05), and porcupine crab Neolithodes grimaldii (Milne‐Edwards and Bouvier) only had a higher CPUE with baited gillnets when bait bags were placed on the footrope. Less common bycatch species—but with threatened populations—showed an increase in CPUE, including Greenland shark Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch and Schneider) and Northern wolffish Anarhichas denticulatus Krøyer. Baiting gillnets affected the CPUE of gillnets in the Greenland halibut fishery, and management should consider how the increased CPUE of both target and bycatch species are affected by this new fishery trend.     

Wasted fishery resources: discarded by-catch in the USA

Fishery by‐catch, especially discarded by‐catch, is a serious problem in the world's oceans. Not only are the stocks of discarded species affected, but entire trophic webs and habitats may be disrupted at the ecosystem level. This paper reviews discarding in the marine fisheries of the USA; however, the type, diversity and regulatory mechanisms of the fisheries are similar to developed fisheries and management programmes throughout the world. We have compiled current estimates of discarded by‐catch for each major marine fishery in the USA using estimates from existing literature, both published and unpublished. We did not re‐estimate discards or discard rates from raw data, nor did we include data on protected species (turtles, mammals and birds) and so this study covers discarded by‐catch of finfish and fishable invertebrates. For some fisheries, additional calculations were required to transform number data into weight data, and typically length and weight composition data were used. Specific data for each fishery are referenced in Harrington et al. (Wasted Resources: Bycatch and discards in US Fisheries, Oceana, Washington, DC, 2005). Overall, our compiled estimates are that 1.06 million tonnes of fish were discarded and 3.7 million tonnes of fish were landed in USA marine fisheries in 2002. This amounts to a nationwide discard to landings ratio of 0.28, amongst the highest in the world. Regionally, the southeast had the largest discard to landings ratio (0.59), followed closely by the highly migratory species fisheries (0.52) and the northeast fisheries (0.49). The Alaskan and west coast fisheries had the lowest ratios (0.12 and 0.15 respectively). Shrimp fisheries in the southeast were the major contributors to the high discard rate in that region, with discard ratios of 4.56 (Gulf of Mexico) and 2.95 (South Atlantic). By‐catch and discarding is a major component of the impact of fisheries on marine ecosystems. There have been substantial efforts to reduce by‐catch in some fisheries, but broadly based programmes covering all fisheries are needed within the USA and around the world. In response to international agreements to improve fishery management, by‐catch and discard reduction must become a regular part of fishery management planning.