沟叶结缕草草坪的建植和养护

沟叶结缕草(Zoysia matrella)英文名Manilagrass,亦称马尼拉草、半细叶结缕草等.原产日本南部、台湾及东南亚等地,是热带、亚热带等地区使用价值较高的草坪草种.目前在我国长江以南诸多省份已得到广泛的利用,并成为暖季型草坪种群中最重要的当家品种之一.     

沟叶结缕草草坪的建植和养护

<正> 沟叶结缕草(Zoysia matrella)英文名Manilagrass,亦称马尼拉草、半细叶结缕草等。原产日本南部、台湾及东南亚等地,是热带、亚热带等地区使用价值较高的草坪草种。目前在我国长江以南诸多省份已得到广泛的利用,并成为暖季型草坪种群中最重要的当家品种之一。     

沟叶结缕草研究进展

沟叶结缕草因具有较强的抗病性和耐粗放管理，已在热带、亚热带等地广泛应用于各种用途的草坪建植中。从沟叶结缕草的耐盐性、耐荫性、耐旱性、交播技术、建植管理等方面进行综述，以便为沟叶结缕草的进一步研究和利用提供参考。     

4种结缕草光合特性及叶绿素含量的比较研究

以结缕草属4个不同种为试验材料,采用叶绿素测定仪以及光合测定仪,测定4种结缕草光合特征参数以及叶绿素含量。结果表明:(1)4种结缕草叶绿素含量由大到小依次为:日本结缕草,中华结缕草,沟叶结缕草,细叶结缕草;(2)日本结缕草和沟叶结缕草的光补偿点(LCP)为40μmol/(m2.s),接近于自然光照条件下阳性植物的光补偿点30μmol/(m2.s);(3)中华结缕草和细叶结缕草的LCP较高,为80μmol/(m2.s),光饱和点(LSP)都平均为1200μmol/(m2.s);(4)4种结缕草的表观量子效率(AQY)与自然光照条件下植物的AQY(0.03~0.06 mol/mol)一致,但是中华结缕草却显著高于其他3种,因此,可初步推断结缕草为阳性、且耐荫性较强的草坪草,并且中华结缕草以其优异的表现成为亚热带地区草坪草建坪中的最佳草种。     

踩踏对亚热带沟叶结缕草草坪冬季休眠期土壤呼吸的影响

随着城市化进程加快,城市绿地也在迅速扩张,人为踩踏是城市绿地重要干扰因素,其可能对草坪土壤呼吸产生显著影响,进而影响城市草坪碳循环。因此,在典型亚热带沟叶结缕草草坪内选取人为踩踏和对照处理,采用Li-8100土壤碳通量分析仪对冬季结缕草草坪土壤呼吸速率进行动态连续测定。结果表明,亚热带沟叶结缕草草坪冬季休眠期土壤呼吸动态呈单峰曲线,先降低后升高;人为踩踏显著降低了沟叶结缕草草坪休眠期土壤呼吸速率和土壤呼吸温度敏感性(Q₁₀);休眠期土壤呼吸速率主要受温度控制,而与土壤水分无关;试验期间,踩踏平均使土壤呼吸速率下降53.6%;踩踏引发的土壤物理特性和植物生长的变化综合作用而导致沟叶结缕草草坪土壤呼吸速率下调。     

沟叶结缕草草坪质量与水热因子的关系

通过对亚热带湿润气候条件下的沟叶结缕草草坪表观质量的季节变化研究，分析了表观质量与不分、温度的关系，结果表明：水分是制约沟叶结缕草草坪表观质量的限制因子，灌溉条件下可以达到四季常绿；可以接受的表观质量的下限土壤水分含量为12．8％。     

天堂419——江城足球场最佳草坪草

对武汉市足球场草坪草进行分析与评估。结果表明，在亚热带特定的气候条件下，武汉市足球场草坪草的当选品种为天堂４１９，它比结缕草、早熟禾、黑麦草、本地野生狗牙根更能适应当地足球运动的要求。     

结楼草属草坪草在中国的名称与应用

结缕草属草坪草是低矮、匍匐性、草皮型的暖季型多年生禾本科草木。在中国的分布与应用大约有5种：1. 结缕草；2.中华结缕草；3.大穗结缕草；4.细叶结缕草；5.沟叶结缕草。另外，从日本引入一个栽培种，通名叫做半细叶结缕草。结缕草属草坪草属于公园、风景区、庭园和运动场草坪草以及水土保持覆盖大地之用。     

山东半岛地区暖季型草坪主要杂草类型及发生规律调查

对山东半岛地区暖季型草坪结缕草(Zoysia japonica)及马尼拉或沟叶结缕草(Zoysia matrella)草坪进行全年性普查，发现其共有杂草86种，分属32科73属，其中菊科杂草种类最多(计18种)，其次为禾本科杂草。通过抽样、统计，分析了结缕草、马尼拉草坪杂草的主要危害季节(夏秋季)的优势种。并结合春季杂草的调查，总结了山东半岛地区暖季型草坪杂草的发生规律。     

结缕草属草坪草在中国的名称与应用

结缕草属草坪草是低矮、匍匐性、草皮型的暖季型多年生禾本科草本。在中国的分布与应用大约有 5种 :1 结缕草 ;2 中华结缕草 ;3 大穗结缕草 ;4 细叶结缕草 ;5 沟叶结缕草。另外 ,从日本引入一个栽培种 ,通名叫做半细叶结缕草。结缕草属草坪草属于公园、风景区、庭园和运动场草坪草以及水土保持覆盖大地之用。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.