杨桃多酚氧化酶的提取研究

探讨了缓冲溶液pH值、添加表面活性剂和多酚吸附剂等因素对杨桃多酚氧化酶（PPO）提取效果的影响。结果表明：缓冲溶液pH值为7.0时,提取的杨桃PPO比活性最大;在提取缓冲溶液中添加吐温（Tween80）和特里顿（Triton X-100）时,提取的杨桃PPO比活性均有所下降,而添加交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVPP）能明显提高杨桃PPO的总活性和比活性,PVPP的适宜添加量为3%。     

杨桃多酚的提取工艺研究

[目的]研究杨桃果实多酚的浸提条件。[方法]采用Folin-Denis改良法对杨桃果实多酚含量进行了测定,并通过单因素试验和正交试验设计研究提取条件对含量的影响。[结果]影响杨桃多酚提取的主次因素顺序为：提取温度〉料液比〉乙醇浓度〉提取时间,杨桃果实多酚提取的最佳工艺条件为：提取溶剂为60%乙醇、料液比1∶2、提取温度55℃、提取时间60min,此时的提取量大于3.9mg/g。[结论]该杨桃多酚的提取方法简便、提取量大。     

微波法提取杨桃渣中多酚的工艺研究

[目的]研究微波法提取杨桃渣中多酚的工艺条件。[方法]利用微波提取法,通过单因素研究了5个因素对杨桃多酚提取率的影响,并通过正交试验筛选提取杨桃渣多酚的最佳工艺条件。[结果]单因素试验表明,物料粒径30目,微波功率560W、60％乙醇浓度、料液比1：50、提取时间60S、提取2次可得到从杨桃渣中提取多酚的最佳效果。正交试验表明,4因素对微波提取杨桃渣多酚的影响顺序为溶剂浓度〉料液比〉提取时间〉功率;微波法从杨桃渣中提取多酚的最佳工艺条件为：乙醇浓度50％、物料颗粒30目、液料比1：70、微波功率700W、提取时间60S,在此条件下从杨桃渣中提取的多酚浓度可达18．725mg／g。[结论]微波辅助萃取具有提取率更高、所需时间短的特点．应用前景广阔     

溶剂浸提法和超声法提取番茄红素比较研究

以番茄皮渣为原料,比较了直接溶剂浸提和超声波辅助提取2种不同的提取方法对番茄红素的提取效果.结果表明,超声波辅助提取效果好,提取时间短,提取率高,节约能耗.在超声波作用下番茄红素提取的最佳工艺条件为:超声波功率300 W,超声总时间6 min,料液比1 g :6 mL,超声辐射时间3 s.     

茶叶叶绿素混合液浸提法提取条件优化

本文采用混合液浸提法制得叶绿素提取液,分别从混合液配比、提取的温度、提取时间和浸提液用量等方面进行了系统试验,并从叶绿素的提取量和提取液的稳定性方面比较了混合液提取法与传统的丙酮研磨法.结果表明,混合液浸提法提取叶绿素,提取完全,提取量高于传统法;而且,混合液浸提法制得的叶绿素提取液稳定性更好.试验总结出,混合液浸提法的最佳条件是:室温下,以丙酮∶乙醇∶水=3∶6∶1的混合液30 mL,避光提取1 h.     

提取缓冲液pH值对植物组织中SOD、POD和CAT酶活性的影响

植物组织中SOD、POD和CAT活性测定对于研究植物抗逆性极其重要。为了简化实验,利用比色法研究了四种作物在正常水分条件下和干旱胁迫下,不同pH值提取缓冲液对SOD、POD和CAT酶活性的影响。结果表明,SOD不适合在低pH值(6.0)提取缓冲液下提取,POD不适合在pH 7.0的提取缓冲液下提取,CAT可以应用三种提取缓冲液中的任意一种,对酶活性均影响不大。综上所述,SOD、POD和CAT三种酶活均可以应用pH 7.8缓冲液提取,不会显著影响实验结果,提高测定效率。     

杨桃果实过氧化氢酶活性研究

【目的】探讨杨桃果实过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性及其特性,为杨桃采后保鲜提供理论依据。【方法】以大果甜杨桃为试材,利用紫外可见分光光度计测定杨桃果实CAT活力,分析温度、pH、有机溶剂、金属离子等不同因素对杨桃果实CAT活性的影响。【结果】杨桃果实的CAT活力为0．14U／g·min,其最适温度30℃,最适pH6．6;甲醇和乙醇在低浓度时对杨桃果实CAT活性表现为激活作用,高浓度时呈抑制作用;金属离子Cu2＋对杨桃果实CAT有激活作用,而Mn^2＋和Na^＋对该酶有一定的抑制作用。【结论】杨桃果实CAT活性受温度、pH、有机溶剂和金属离子等因素的影响较明显,生产中通过低温贮藏、合理使用有机溶剂等,可有效延长其货架期。     

乙醇浸提法提取黑穗醋栗果实中黄酮类物质的研究

以黑穗醋栗果实为试材,以芦丁为标准品,利用分光光度法研究乙醇提取法提取黄酮类物质的最佳工艺条件。在单因素试验结果的基础上设计了h（34）（4因素3水平）正交试验。结果表明,乙醇提取法提取黄酮的最佳工艺条件为：以95％乙醇为提取剂,提取温度90℃,提取料液比1：12。提取时间180min。黄酮的最大提取量可达0．723mg／g。     

基于响应面法的碱浸提法提取虾青素工艺优化

以浸提温度、NaOH溶液浓度、料液比为影响因素,应用响应面法进行3因素3水平的试验设计,对碱浸提法提取虾壳中虾青素的条件进行优化.结果表明:碱浸提法提取虾壳中虾青素的最佳工艺条件为:浸提温度70℃、NaOH溶液浓度0.5 mol/L、料液比1g∶6mL,该条件下虾青素提取率为11.2％.     

杨桃果实过氧化氢酶活性研究

【目的】探讨杨桃果实过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性及其特性,为杨桃采后保鲜提供理论依据。【方法】以大果甜杨桃为试材,利用紫外可见分光光度计测定杨桃果实CAT活力,分析温度、pH、有机溶剂、金属离子等不同因素对杨桃果实CAT活性的影响。【结果】杨桃果实的CAT活力为0.14 U/g·min,其最适温度30℃,最适pH 6.6;甲醇和乙醇在低浓度时对杨桃果实CAT活性表现为激活作用,高浓度时呈抑制作用;金属离子Cu2+对杨桃果实CAT有激活作用,而Mn2+和Na+对该酶有一定的抑制作用。【结论】杨桃果实CAT活性受温度、pH、有机溶剂和金属离子等因素的影响较明显,生产中通过低温贮藏、合理使用有机溶剂等,可有效延长其货架期。     

壳聚糖涂膜保鲜杨桃研究

[目的]探索壳聚糖对杨桃的保鲜作用。[方法]在室温下,设用壳聚糖水溶液（0．5％、1．0％和1．5％）涂膜杨桃为一类处理,在此基础上分别再采用塑料保鲜膜密封露天存放为另一类处理,对其失重率、pH值、Vc含量、总糖含量进行检测。[结果]采用壳聚糖涂膜后的杨桃保鲜期均有所延长,而涂膜后再利用塑料保鲜膜密封的杨桃保鲜效果得到了进一步的强化。用保鲜膜密封的杨桃失重率较小。1．0％壳聚糖涂膜后再用保鲜膜密封的杨桃pH值波动最小,总糖含量变化幅度最小,保鲜效果较好。杨桃在存放过程中Vc含量呈先升高后降低,然后再升高、再降低的变化趋势。[结论]该研究为实现安全、方便地保鲜杨桃提供了理论依据。     

多效唑在马来西亚甜杨桃上的施用效果试验

用750倍15％多效唑可湿性粉剂对马来西亚甜杨桃进行叶面喷施试验，结果表明．多效唑处理能明显促进马来西亚甜杨桃开花和座果，产量比对照增加14．77％，增产效果显著，而在果实外观、形态和单果重等方面无明显差异。     

树冠喷钙对杨桃果实品质的影响

选用5种常用钙肥对杨桃(Averrhoa carambola)进行树冠喷施,研究喷钙后杨桃果实品质的变化情况。结果表明,5种钙肥均能提高杨桃的可溶性固形物含量和硬度,其中效果较好的是稀土氨基酸钙,该处理果实的可溶性固形物含量比对照提高13.0%,硬度提高19.6%,均达显著差异,但对果实VC、可滴定酸含量的影响不显著。喷钙后杨桃的总酚含量也显著提高,尤其是幼果期喷施能极显著提高杨桃的总酚含量。稀土氨基酸钙喷施时期以在果实生长发育期间每隔15 d喷施一次为佳。     

3个杨桃品种茎次生木质部导管分子结构研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical basis for variety identification of carambola and pomiculture.[Method] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from three carambola varieties of Malaysia 8,Misi and Malaysia B17 were studied by cell image analysis system and microphotography.[Result] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from carambola was as follows:the first type had tails in two ends,the second type had tail in one end,and the third type had no tails in two ends.The average length of vessel elements was from 328.88 to 366.09 μm,while its average width was from 44.61 to 52.43 μm.Most of the end wall was simple perforation plates,while the alternate-opposite pitting was the major forms of pitting.[Conclusion] Most characteristics of vessel elements from carambola were evolutionary characters of vessel elements in the process of phylogeny,but there were more primitive characters,for example,both two ends of vessel had tails or just one end had tail,and end wall was inclined.The molecular structure of vessel from carambola was in accordance with its ecological adaptability,and the growth characteristics of different varieties were also in accordance with the difference of molecular structure of vessel.     

3个杨桃品种茎次生木质部导管分子结构研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical basis for variety identification of carambola and pomiculture.[Method] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from three carambola varieties of Malaysia 8,Misi and Malaysia B17 were studied by cell image analysis system and microphotography.[Result] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from carambola was as follows:the first type had tails in two ends,the second type had tail in one end,and the third type had no tails in two ends.The average length of vessel elements was from 328.88 to 366.09 μm,while its average width was from 44.61 to 52.43 μm.Most of the end wall was simple perforation plates,while the alternate-opposite pitting was the major forms of pitting.[Conclusion] Most characteristics of vessel elements from carambola were evolutionary characters of vessel elements in the process of phylogeny,but there were more primitive characters,for example,both two ends of vessel had tails or just one end had tail,and end wall was inclined.The molecular structure of vessel from carambola was in accordance with its ecological adaptability,and the growth characteristics of different varieties were also in accordance with the difference of molecular structure of vessel.     

3个杨桃品种茎次生木质部导管分子结构研究

[目的]为杨桃的品种鉴定及果树栽培提供理论依据。[方法]运用细胞图象分析系统及显微照相方法,对3个杨桃品种(秤锤杨桃、蜜丝杨桃、红杨桃)茎次生木质部导管分子结构进行研究。[结果]杨桃茎次生木质部导管分子有两端具尾、一端具尾和无尾3种类型;导管分子平均长度为328.88~366.09μm,平均宽度为44.61~52.43μm;端壁多数为单穿孔板;壁上纹孔式以互列-对列混合纹孔式为主。[结论]杨桃导管分子的多数特征表现为导管分子系统演化过程中较为进化的特征,但也存在导管两端或一端有尾、端壁倾斜等较为原始的性状;杨桃导管分子的结构与其生态适应性相一致,不同品种的生长特性也与导管分子结构差异相一致。     

Studies on the Molecular Structure of Vessels in Secondary Xylem of Stem from Three Carambola Varieties

[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical basis for variety identification of carambola and pomiculture.[Method] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from three carambola varieties of Malaysia 8,Misi and Malaysia B17 were studied by cell image analysis system and microphotography.[Result] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from carambola was as follows:the first type had tails in two ends,the second type had tail in one end,and the third type had no tails in two ends.The average length of vessel elements was from 328.88 to 366.09 μm,while its average width was from 44.61 to 52.43 μm.Most of the end wall was simple perforation plates,while the alternate-opposite pitting was the major forms of pitting.[Conclusion] Most characteristics of vessel elements from carambola were evolutionary characters of vessel elements in the process of phylogeny,but there were more primitive characters,for example,both two ends of vessel had tails or just one end had tail,and end wall was inclined.The molecular structure of vessel from carambola was in accordance with its ecological adaptability,and the growth characteristics of different varieties were also in accordance with the difference of molecular structure of vessel.     

过氧化物酶(POD)调控木质素合成研究进展

在植物的生长发育过程中,木质素合成是极其重要的,其代谢过程中涉及到多种酶类参与,而过氧化物酶(POD)就是这一过程的一个关键酶。本文从木质素合成途径、POD酶学性质以及POD基因调控方面综述过氧化物酶对木质素合成的调控,阐述了过氧化物酶与木质素合成的关系,介绍了过氧化物酶的类型、功能及对POD基因层面的研究,最后对POD研究做出展望。