水分胁迫对云杉生理特性的影响

为研究水分胁迫对云杉幼苗生理特性的影响,以正常水分处理为对照,设置3个水分胁迫处理,分别为轻度胁迫、中度胁迫和重度胁迫,对云杉云杉幼苗的生长特性、保护酶活性、渗透调节物质和光合参数进行了测定。结果表明：水分胁迫对云杉云杉幼苗生长和生理指标影响显著,显著降低了云杉幼苗种苗高、地径、新梢长度、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度,其中在轻度干旱下的影响不显著,随着干旱程度继续增加,差异达到显著水平;水分胁迫显著提高了丙二醛含量,SOD、POD、CAT、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量随水分胁迫程度的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,在中度胁迫下达到最大值。说明轻度胁迫对云杉没有显著影响,云杉幼苗可以承受中度水分胁迫,重度胁迫超过其自身承受范围。     

几种常见喀斯特森林树种种子发芽对水分胁迫的反应

本文采用不同浓度的PEG对16个不同喀斯特森林树种种子萌发进行人工水分胁迫处理，结果表明，随着水势的下降，除少数树种发芽率在轻度胁迫下有所上升外，总体呈下降趋势，发芽速度、胚轴、胚根长下降，不同喀斯特森林树种种间变化趋势相似，但变化幅度差异显著。樟树、香椿、女贞、刺槐和火棘等在-0．6Mpa下仍有较高的发芽率，且胚根长、胚轴长下降幅度较小，综合评价初步认为耐早性较强；而细叶榕、鹅掌柴、盐肤木、朴树等发芽率、胚根长、胚轴长下降幅度显著，综合评价初步认为耐早性较弱；荆节花、械树、粗叶木、小果蔷薇、云南鼠刺等耐早性居中。     

水分胁迫对不同产地金银花种子发芽的影响

采用不同浓度的PEG对不同地区金银花其他种子萌发进行人工水分胁迫处理,结果表明,随着水势的下降,除少数地区金银花种子发芽指数在轻度胁迫下略有上升外,其他各种金银花种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、芽长总体呈下降趋势,不同金银花变化趋势相似,但变化幅度有明显差异。综合评价初步认为,贵州遵义和贵州花溪2金银花耐旱性相对较强;山东金银花耐旱性最弱;贵州麻江、河南封丘、贵州花溪1和内蒙古金银花耐旱性居中。     

香果树种子发芽对水分胁迫的响应

通过用PEG（聚乙二醇）配制不同浓度溶液,模拟不同土壤水势梯度,达到不同水分胁迫水平,进行香果树种子发芽水分胁迫实验。研究结果表明;水势在0～-0．4MPa,随PEG浓度升高,香果树种子发芽率、发芽指数、苗长、活力指数均呈下降趋势。PEG浓度升至20%,种子发芽完全受抑制。表明香果树种子在轻度水分胁迫下,有一定的耐旱能力。     

长白(兴安)落叶松、红皮云杉种子贮存年限试验

通过对2002年-2012年间不同净度的长白(兴安)落叶松、红皮云杉种子室内发芽率试验情况的分析,得出长白(兴安)落叶松、红皮云杉种子在-14—5℃、含水量10%、净度90%以上时发芽率基本保持不变的结论。     

PEG 模拟水分胁迫对思茅松种子萌发的影响

采用PEG-6000（聚乙二醇）不同浓度溶液,研究模拟水分胁迫对思茅松种子萌发的影响。结果表明,随着PEG-6000浓度的增加,思茅松种子的发芽率、发芽势、日均发芽率、峰值和发芽值先上升后下降,各处理间无显著差异。适宜质量浓度（5％）的PEG-6000处理能促进种子萌发,思茅松种子表现出一定耐旱能力。     

川西亚高山暗针叶林优势树种对水分胁迫的反应

本项工作是对川西暗针叶林优势树种针叶含水量的季节变化、水势(Ψw)与相对含水量(RWC)的关系、蒸腾作用的生理调控、叶绿素含量的变化以及避旱的针叶适应指标进行测定,研究各种树种对水分胁迫的反应。结果证明:在同一生境下抗旱性强的树种(如鳞皮云杉)旱季含水量较高,因水势每单位降低而引起的相对含水量降低最小,叶绿素a的含量升高、叶绿素b的含量降低。同时相对蒸腾低,具有较小的比叶面积和较高的肉质化程度。抗旱性大小的顺序是鳞皮云杉>川西云杉>鳞皮冷杉。但随着海拔高度和季节的变化,3种树种抗旱性的种间和种内都有明显的差异。     

云杉落叶松二元材积表的编制

本文利用在管涔林区经营采伐标地内的伐倒木,按2cm 区分段实测各部分带皮去皮直径和稍端长度,计算带皮和去皮材积,按2cm 一个径阶进行归类,用Ⅴ=aD~bH~c分别对云杉和落叶松进行回归,求各径阶对应树高的材积,进而编制成管涔林区云杉落叶松二元材积表。通过对相关系数,单株材积检验,认为该表可在管涔林区使用。     

云杉落叶松一元材积表的编制

过去我省编制林分材积表,主要依据抽样标准木伐倒实测数据,本材积表利用皆伐标准木,云杉419株,落叶松113株,通过 PC—1500计算,完全符合精度要求。     

Effects of seed water content and storage temperature on the germination parameters of white spruce, black spruce and lodgepole pine seed

The effect of seed water content (WC) (2–3, 5–6 and 22–25%, on a fresh weight basis), storage temperature (+4, −20, −80 and −196°C) and storage duration (6, 12, 24, 48 and 60 months) on the germination of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) seed was investigated. Germination of white spruce control (untreated) seeds and seeds adjusted to 2–3% and 5–6% WC declined after 48 months of storage at −80 and −196°C, with a further decline at 60 months at −20, −80, −196°C. Germination remained high when control white spruce seeds and seeds with 2–3, 5–6% WC were stored at +4°C, over all storage durations. Generally, black spruce and lodgepole pine exhibited high germination at all storage temperatures at 2–3% and 5–6% WC as well as the control (untreated) seed, for up to 60 months in storage. Germination declined for all three species when seed was conditioned to 22–25% WC. This loss in germination was partially recovered in white spruce seed stored at +4, −20 and −80°C after storage durations of 24, 12 and 48 months, respectively, and in black spruce seeds stored at −20 and −196°C after storage durations of 24 months. Mean germination time (MGT) was relatively constant for all species, under all conditions, except for seed conditioned to 22–25% WC, where MGT increased for white spruce seed stored 48 months at −80 and −196°C, and for black spruce seed stored 24 months at +4 and −80°C and 60 months at −196°C. These results show that the optimal storage temperatures are 4°C for white spruce, and 4, −20, −80, and −196°C for black spruce and lodgepole pine, and 2–6% water content is optimal for all 3 species at these temperatures.     

聚乙二醇模拟干旱对三种木麻黄种子萌发的影响

为研究木麻黄Casuarinaceae.种子苗困难地造林,以木麻黄为试验材料,用不同渗透势浓度的聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫,探讨干旱胁迫对木麻黄种子发芽率、发芽势、胚轴和胚根长度及发芽指数、活力指数的影响。结果表明,不同浓度PEG胁迫处理均降低了种子的发芽率,延缓了木麻黄种子萌发进程;种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均随胁迫强度的增加呈明显下降趋势。当-1.20 MPa的PEG胁迫处理的种子在试验结束时仍未能萌发,表明-1.20 MPa是木麻黄种子萌发的临界水势。当PEG浓度为150 g/L时,三种木麻黄幼苗的胚根最长,且当PEG浓度为100 g/L时,三种木麻黄胚根长度长于对照组,但差异不显著,说明高于-0.40 MPa的水势有利于木麻黄种子胚根的生长。木麻黄幼苗苗高生长则是随着PEG浓度的升高而逐渐减缓。通过比较得知木麻黄种子抗旱性较强。     

落叶松枯落针叶水浸液对落叶松和云杉种子的萌发影响

研究了长白落叶松未分解和半分解枯落针叶的水浸液处理对红皮云杉种子和长白落叶松种子萌发的不同生物效应。对于长白落叶松种子萌发来说,长白落叶松半分解和未分解枯落针叶水浸液4.0 g/L浓度的处理效果均为最佳;而对于红皮云杉种子萌发来说,10.0 g/L浓度或0.5～1.0 g/L浓度的处理效果为最佳。长白落叶松枯落针叶水浸液处理对长白落叶松自身种子和对红皮云杉种子萌发的作用均有很大的差异,推测这是长白落叶松枯落针叶水浸液中所含的化感物质和营养物质与长白落叶松和红皮云杉萌发过程中种子产生的不同代谢物质之间不同相互作用的反映。     

Image analysis study of mould susceptibility of spruce and larch wood dried or heat-treated at different temperatures

Abstract

In this study, mould growth on wood was investigated by image analysis. The studied parameters were drying and heat-treatment temperatures (20–210°C), original and resawn surface and different wood species (spruce and larch). Small specimens—some of which were inoculated with a spore suspension—were stored under humid conditions and photographed once a week. Mould growth was assessed by image analysis. In general, results found in earlier studies regarding the influence of several parameters could be confirmed. Image analysis was found to be a useful method to quantify mould growth in an objective and reproducible way.     

盐分和干旱胁迫对鼠尾草种子萌发的影响

为明确鼠尾草种子在逆境条件下的萌发特性,通过试验模拟研究不同浓度的氯化钠(NaCl)和聚乙二醇(PEG6000)溶液对鼠尾草种子萌发的影响,结果表明:NaCl和PEG6000对鼠尾草种子萌发有不同程度的抑制作用,发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均有所下降;在0.10mol/L NaCl溶液胁迫中,发芽率、发芽势最高,分别为88.33%和66.67%,0.40mol/L时种子不能萌发;在4%PEG6000溶液胁迫中,发芽率、发芽势最高,分别为81.67%、66.89%。由此可知,鼠尾草种子在中轻度盐土壤中能较正常萌发,在重度盐土壤中则丧失萌发能力。     

Effects of the physical properties of sphagnum peat on water stress in containerized picea mariana seedlings under simulated field conditions

Containerized black spruce seedlings, grown in Sphagnum peat at two degrees of humification (light and moderate) and two artificially created textural grades (with or without particles <1.3 mm), were subjected to controlled degrees of water stress using polyethylene glycol (PEG) at 0, 20, 75 and 175 g PEG kg^?1 H₂O, with and without dialysis membranes. After a 4‐day exposure, shoot water potential and water potential at the soil‐root interface were strongly affected by the humification of the peat at the highest PEG concentration. Differences in fine particle content of the peats had little effect on the physiological variables measured. Needle conductance was affected greatly by the presence of the dialysis membrane itself. The results suggest that high aeration, one of the most desirable physical properties of a growing medium for nursery production, may become undesirable once the seedlings are outplanted.     

水分胁迫对3个不同种源柔枝松种子萌发的影响

用不同浓度PEG-6000的Hoagland溶液模拟水分胁迫条件,通过萌发率、幼苗鲜重、活力指数、抗旱指数4个指标对来自美国的3个柔枝松种源种子的发芽特性进行研究,并运用隶属函数法对其进行综合评价。研究结果表明:(1)随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,3个柔枝松种源的萌发率、幼苗鲜重、活力指数、抗旱指数都出现了不同程度的下降。且亚利桑那州种源下降的幅度最大。(2)亚利桑那州种源在发芽期的抗旱性好于另外两个种源。3个种源的综合评价值从大到小依次分别为:亚利桑那州0.561;犹他州0.380;内华达州0.132。(3)低浓度的PEG-6000的Hoagland溶液对亚利桑那州和犹他州种源的柔枝松发芽生长具有一定的促进作用。     

聚乙二醇(PEG)模拟水分胁迫对木荷种子萌发的影响

采用聚乙二醇(PEG)模拟水分胁迫对木荷种子萌发的影响,结果表明:无论是水培还是沙培、避光还是光照下,木荷种子萌发率、幼苗高度都是随PEG浓度的增加而降低,都在PEG浓度为20%时达到最低;幼苗的相对含水量没有随PEG浓度的增加依次递减;水培自然光照下的萌发率>沙培恢复光照的萌发率>沙培避光的萌发率。由此说明避光能抑制木荷种子萌发,特别是在干旱、避光的情况下木荷种子受抑制更明显。     

Simultaneous detection of filled,empty and insect-infested seeds of three Larix species with single seed near-infrared transmittance spectroscopy

Near infrared spectroscopy was used for simultaneous detection of filled, empty and insect-infested seeds of Larix decidua Mill., Larix gmelinii Rupr. and Larix sukaczewii Dyl. Near-infrared spectra, expressed in the form of log (1/T), were collected from single seeds with 1225 Infratec analyzer from 850–1048 nm at 2 nm interval. Discriminant models were developed with partial least squares (PLS) regression using the normalized digital spectra as a regressor and a y-vector of artificial values (1 for filled and –1 for empty and infested seeds) as a regressand. The result showed a 100% recognition of infested and empty seeds in the test set by 3-factor PLS models computed based on calibration sets of each species and combined spectra of all species. The recognition rate of filled seeds was 90–100%; the highest being for L. sukaczewii, followed by L. decidua and L. gmelinii respectively. A similar recognition rate for empty and infested seeds was achieved by discriminant models derived from selected absorption bands, while the recognition rate of filled seeds differed slightly. Difference spectra and PLS weights indicated that the origin of spectral differences between filled versus empty and insect-infested seeds were attributed to differences in lipids and proteins.     

Plant hormone treatments to alleviate the effects of salt stress on germination of Betula platyphylla seeds

We analyzed the germination traits (germination rate, germination potential, and germination index) of seeds from 23 half-sib families of birch (Betula platyphylla). The germination rates of the 23 families ranged from 38.57 to 76.50%. Seeds from the eight families germinating at the highest rates were then used for germination experiments under salt stress. Germination rate, germination potential, and germination index of these eight half-sib families decreased with increasing salt concentrations. The effects of four different hormones (6-benzylaminopurine, 6BA;gibberellin, GA3;naphthalene acetic acid, NAA;and melatonin) at various concentrations on the germination of seeds from the eight half-sib birch families under salt stress were investigated. Treatments with 6BA and GA3 alleviated the effects of salt stress on seed germination, whereas treatments with NAA and melatonin aggravated the effects of salt stress. The most effective treatments for alleviating the effects of salt stress on birch seed germination were 10 mg/L 6BA and 300 mg/L GA3. This study provides practical information for screening birch families for salt tolerance at the seed germination stage, and for cultivation of birch in saline environments.