胡杨离体快繁技术研究

研究了影响胡杨离体快繁若干因素。选出最适合胡杨离体快繁的外植体为春季解除休眠的冬芽；启动培养基为MS 6-BA0.1mg/L NAA0.05mg/L，萌动率达75.4%；继代增殖培养基为MS 6-BA0.1mg/L KT0.5mg/L NAA0.5mg/L，此配比浓度产生胡杨有效苗最多；而以1/2MS为基本培养基，添加1.5-2.0mg/LIBA有利于胡杨组培苗生根。     

盾叶薯蓣组织培养及四倍体诱导技术的初步研究

以盾叶薯蓣的茎段、叶柄、叶作为外植体进行离体组织培养,其效果以茎段和叶柄最好。诱导愈伤组织的培养基以MS+2,4-D 2.0mg/L+BA 0.5mg/L为佳;在培养过程中,可用MS+BA 3.0mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L作为分化培养基,后逐步转为MS+BA 1.Omg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L作为继代培养基;生根培养可使用MS+NAA 1.0mg/L的培养基。在组织培养条件下,对盾叶薯蓣进行了多倍体诱导的研究。结果表明,用0.15%的秋水仙素处理24小时后,诱导率可达50%,效果较好。经秋水仙素诱导的变异株,与正常的二倍体植株相比,植株粗壮,叶片变大变厚,叶色浓绿,部分还出现畸形叶。叶片表皮气孔检测发现,多倍体植株叶片表皮气孔变大,且单位面积下的气孔数目减少;进行细胞学研究发现,正常植株的染色体的数目为2n=2x=20,变异植株染色体数目为,变异植株染色体数目为2n=4x=40,为四倍体。     

结球甘蓝的离体快繁技术研究

以结球甘蓝无菌苗的胚轴和子叶为材料，几乎不生长愈伤组织，分化出不定芽。不定芽在添加6-BA的MS培养基上增殖很快，适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.5mg/L+ NAA0.1mg/L。通过增加培养基中糖和琼脂粉的用量，提高培养时的光照强度等有效控制了玻璃苗的产生。     

非洲菊组培快繁及雌核离体诱导技术研究进展

介绍了非洲菊组织培养快繁和雌核离体诱导技术的研究进展,着重综述了离体雌核诱导的主要影响因素及取得的研究进展,并对其在品种选育中的应用前景进行了展望。     

盾叶薯蓣种质资源比较研究

选育产量高、适应性好的盾叶薯蓣新品种是发展盾叶薯蓣生产,提高其开发和利用价值的首选课题。在广泛征集种质资源的基础上,对不同盾叶薯蓣种质资源的生育期、开花特性、地下部性状、产量、发病率等指标进行比较和分析,旨在从中筛选出适应性强、高产、优质的盾叶薯蓣种质资源。试验结果发现,适合昆明地区种植的材料有‘盾薯38’、‘盾薯401-1’、‘盾薯34’和‘盾薯35’,这些品系不仅产量高,且各项指标综合表现均较突出。

     

盾叶薯蓣细胞工程技术研究进展

盾叶薯蓣是我国特有的重要药源植物,具有重要经济价值。开展盾叶薯蓣细胞工程技术研究,是切实解决云南盾叶薯蓣生产中一系列突出问题的有效途径。通过对现有盾叶薯蓣细胞工程技术进行综合分析、评价,展望了盾叶薯蓣细胞工程技术研究前景,并为云南盾叶薯蓣的开发利用提供了相关的科学依据。     

桂皮紫萁离体快繁研究

以桂皮紫萁的穗状孢子为外植体进行离体快繁研究.结果表明,破碎孢子囊后的孢子接种在1/6MS+蛋白胨0.5g/L+蔗糖20g/L+琼脂8.6g/L中,在变温变光下培养更易萌发.1/2MS培养基中添加8g/L桂皮紫萁叶片提取液以及(KT 5.0mg/L和NAA 0.5mg/L、NAA 1.0mg/L)均能更好的促进原叶体的增殖.变温变光培养有利于瓶内孢子体的形成和生长,培养瓶外诱导更适合孢子体的转化.     

贵州主栽草莓品种的离体快繁技术

对4个贵州主栽草莓品种离体快繁体系进行了研究。结果表明，在MS附加0．5mg／LBA与0．2mg／LIBA的培养基中4个品种的茎尖外植体萌发率均在80％以上；增殖培养以MS培养基附加0．5～1．0mg／LBA和0～0．1mg／LNAA效果最佳，千禧获得的增殖系数大于其它3个品种；在1／2MS中，组培苗的生根率在95％以上，千禧和章姬平均生根数大于红颊和丰香，平均根长差异不大；生根苗经驯化移栽后成活率均在92％以上．     

盾叶薯蓣组织和细胞培养研究进展

盾叶薯蓣是一种极其重要的经济作物,可作食用、药用和工业原料。笔者综述了研究人员对盾叶薯蓣的器官培养、愈伤组织的诱导和培养、细胞悬浮培养的研究进展情况,并指出了盾叶薯蓣组织培养和细胞培养的发展前景（加速优良栽培品种的繁殖、为产生有意义突变和改良建立了良好的选择程序）及其存在的问题（对再生植株的遗传稳定性进一步研究）。     

盾叶薯蓣试管苗种植施肥初探

施肥试验表明在中等偏高的施肥条件下，焦泥灰和磷肥作基肥，复合肥作追肥，生长后期加用少量钾肥，获得可行的施肥方法，干片最高皂素含量可达4．38％。     

盾叶薯蓣实生种子萌发及实生苗的生长

盾叶薯蓣(Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H. Wright)是一种多年生缠绕性草本植物,属薯蓣科薯蓣属,盾叶薯蓣是我国特有种.根茎横生,形似"姜",又称为黄姜.其根茎中含有薯蓣皂甙元(俗称皂素)是合成甾体药物的重要原料,在医药工业中占有重要地位.由于对皂素的需求日益增加,造成野生薯蓣资源过度采挖.因此,加快盾叶薯蓣种子繁殖和栽培利用,对盾叶薯蓣生产及其产业化意义重大.     

光照强度对盾叶薯蓣试管苗保护酶活性的影响

以盾叶薯蓣试管苗为材料,测定不同光照强度下盾叶薯蓣叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化,研究不同光照强度对盾叶薯蓣试管苗保护酶活性的影响.结果表明,光照强度为750 lx和3 200 lx时,盾叶薯蓣试管苗叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性均相对较低,而光照强度为2 000 lx时,叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性均相对较高.因此,2 000 lx的光照强度较适宜盾叶薯蓣试管苗的生长.     

盾叶薯蓣组织培养技术进展

盾叶薯蓣(DioscoreazingiberensisC.H.Wright)是薯蓣科薯蓣属的一种多年生缠绕性草本植物,其根茎横生,俗称黄姜,所含薯蓣皂甙元(简称皂素)为合成甾体激素药物的主要原料。盾叶薯蓣是我国的特有种,主要分布于四川、湖北、湖南、云南、陕西等地,其根茎内的薯蓣皂甙元含量为世界最高,可达16.5%。盾叶薯蓣在云南省的生产水平较低,其根茎产量不高,在很大程度上制约了加工业的发展,其主要原因在于,一是缺乏优良的种质;二是盾叶薯蓣的栽培技术还较落后,缺乏GAP栽培;三是人工栽培的过程中盾叶薯蓣种质严重退化。虽然盾叶薯蓣可用种子或块茎作繁殖…     

不同诱导因子对盾叶薯蓣试管苗生根的影响

为获得大量盾叶薯蓣试管苗以进行规模化生产,以盾叶薯蓣顶芽为外植体,研究了不同基本培养基(1/2 MS和MS)和生长素(NAA和IBA)对试管苗生根的影响,得到较有利于生根的基本培养基和生长素种类及浓度;在含有生长素的培养基中添加不同浓度的硝酸铈[Ce(NO3)3]或活性炭,综合生根率、根数、根长、株高、叶片数等指标,筛选最佳生根培养基配方。结果表明:1/2 MS、IBA和Ce(NO3)3利于盾叶薯蓣试管苗的生根,NAA和活性炭不利于盾叶薯蓣试管苗的生根。盾叶薯蓣试管苗最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS+IBA 0.3 mg/L+Ce(NO3)35 mg/L,生根率达98.75%,根16.1条,长4.17 cm,试管苗高3.86 cm,有叶片6.44个。可用于盾叶薯蓣试管苗的推广种植。     

温度和药剂处理对盾叶薯蓣实生种子萌发的影响

本实验主要研究了温度和几种药剂处理对盾叶薯蓣实生种子萌发的影响，探讨了提高实生种子活力的途径，解决栽培用种与工业生产的矛盾，为生产上合理开发利用盾叶薯蓣实生种子探索一条有效途径。     

Somatic in vitro culture response of Lolium perenne L.: genetic effects and correlations with anther culture

Summary Genotypic effects on callus induction and plant regeneration in callus, suspension and protoplast culture, and their correlations with both phenotypic and GCA-values for anther culture response, were studied using 21 genotypes of perennial ryegrass. Differences between genotypes accounted for approximately 40% of the total variation for callus induction and initial callus growth, and 59 and 83% of the variation in callus culture for regeneration percentage and percentage of green plants. Effects of genotypes were less pronounced in suspension culture, where suspensions from the same genotype often behaved differently. Some suspension cultures retained their capacity for green plant regeneration for almost two years, repeatedly producing 80–100% green regenerants during this period. Genotypes with high regeneration percentage and a large proportion of green plants from callus culture were also superior in suspension culture for both regeneration performance and longevity. Regeneration percentage and percentage of green plants were uncorrelated, and probably under different genetic control. While capacity for green plant formation from the different genotypes showed no correlation between anther culture and somatic in vitro culture, a positive correlation was observed between the regeneration percentages in somatic in vitro culture and anther culture (r=0.44^*–0.85^***), suggesting some common genetic control of the two systems.     

In vitro culture of species and varieties of four Amaranthus L. species

Summary Callus induction, callus growth and organogenetic processes were investigated in hypocotyl and stem cultures of four species of Amaranthus each of which comprised several varieties. Callus formation occurred in almost all the varieties in 100% of explants. The combinations of naphtaleneacetic acid plus benzylaminopurine or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid plus Kinetin were very effective in causing callus formation; the results for callus growth in presence of the same growth regulator combinations revealed in some cases significant differences among the varieties.As far organogenesis-based on a few varieties-only A. caudatus and A. hypochondriacus responded well forming shoots from callus when cultured in presence of indoleacetic acid plus Kinetin and/or indoleacetic acid plus benzylaminopurine. Root regeneration was also observed in several varieties. Complete plantlets were obtained from rooted shoots.The results are discussed in relation to hormonal effect and the genotype importance.     

Interspecific hybrids of Cyclamen persicum Mill. and C. purpurascens Mill. produced by ovule culture

Summary Interspecific crosses were made to introduce the scent of flowers of C. purpurascens into C. persicum cultivars and ovule culture was used to rescue the abortive hybrid embryos. Cultivars of C. persicum diploid (CPD, 2n=2×=48) and C. persicum tetraploid (CPT, 2n=4×=96) were the pistillate parents and wild species of C. purpurascens (CP, 2n=34) were staminate parents. After pollination, crossed ovaries were collected periodically and examined using paraffin sections. Histological observations suggested that both hybrid ovules of CPD x CP and CPT x CP should be transferred to culture medium 35 days after pollination. Based up on this observation, crossed ovaries were collected 28 days after pollination and ovules with placenta were transferred to MS (1962) medium containing 3% sucrose. These ovules were cultured in the dark at 25° C. The hybrids (2n=41) derived from CPD x CP had the scent of C. purpurascens, whereas the hybrids (2n=65) derived from CPT x CP had the scent of C. persicum. Although both hybrids had complete genomes from the parents and produced a few viable pollen grains, they failed to yield viable seeds by self- and cross-pollination with fertile pollen grains of C. persicum cultivars.Abbreviations CPD C. persicum diploid - CPT C. persicum tetraploid - CP C. purpurascens