黄红麻生物技术研究进展与展望

本文综述了黄红麻细胞工程、转基因育种、种质资源遗传多样性分子标记与分子辅助育种等生物技术研究进展，并对开展黄红麻微型核心种质分子标记与指纹图谱绘制、遗传连锁图谱构建与功能基因组学，以及蛋白质组学与生物信息学研究的前景进行了展望。上述研究的开展对提高我国黄红麻生物技术研究核心竞争力具有十分重要的现实意义和科学意义。     

黄/红麻种质资源遗传基础与转基因育种研究进展

本文简述了黄/红麻种质资源利用创新与遗传基础研究的进展,重点介绍红麻抗虫、抗除草剂、耐盐转基因育种的意义及研究进展,提出了深化黄/红麻种质资源创新及遗传基础研究的重点,以期为提升我国黄/红麻基础科学核心竞争力提供参考依据.     

黄／红麻种质资源遗传基础与转基因育种研究进展

本文简述了黄／红麻种质资源利用创新与遗传基础研究的进展，重点介绍红麻抗虫、抗除草剂、耐盐转基因育种的意义及研究进展，提出了深化黄／红麻种质资源创新及遗传基础研究的重点．以期为提升我国黄／红麻基础科学核心竞争力提供参考依据。     

分子标记在杂交粳稻育种上的应用现状及展望

分子标记的应用为杂交粳稻育种提供了新的技术手段,分子标记技术与传统育种技术相结合,可大大提高育种效率。本文综述了分子标记在杂交粳稻种质资源遗传多样性分析及核心种质构建、分子标记辅助选择育种、杂种优势预测以及DNA指纹图谱构建等方面的研究和应用现状,探讨了分子标记在杂交粳稻育种上应用存在的主要问题,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

利用SRAP和SSR标记构建红麻遗传连锁图谱

构建红麻遗传连锁图谱,为今后红麻重要农艺性状QTL定位、QTL图位克隆、优良基因筛选、分子标记辅助育种奠定良好的研究基础。对256对SRAP引物和64对棉花SSR引物进行了两次引物筛选,以泰红763×F71为作图群体亲本,150个F2代单株作为作图群体,构建红麻遗传连锁图谱。共筛选出条带清晰、多态性高的SRAP引物73对、SSR引物8对,构建的红麻遗传连锁图谱全长2155.43 c M,平均间距为16.09 c M,含有128个多态性标记,分布于18个连锁群。本研究初步证实了棉花SSR引物用于红麻是可行的,构建的红麻遗传连锁图谱密度较高,标记较为均匀,适合后续的QTL定位、QTL图位克隆等研究工作。     

花生分子育种研究概况与前景展望

从花生种质资源遗传多样性分析、指纹图谱构建、重要性状分子标记和QTLs定位、分子标记辅助选择以及转基因研究5个方面,对国内外花生分子育种的现状进行了概述,并指出了当前花生分子育种存在的主要问题和发展前景．以期为加快花生新品种选育提供参考依据。     

红麻种质资源遗传多样性和分子鉴定技术研究Ⅱ.红麻种质资源的遗传多样性和亲缘关系的AFLP分析

用扩增性酶切片段长度多态性(AFLP)分析了来源于世界不同国家地域的23份红麻种质资源和2份红麻近缘种玫瑰茄资源.用选取的6对引物组合获得了505条AFLP分子标记.结果认为AFLP分析是红麻品种鉴定和遗传关系检测的非常有效的手段,同时根据AFLP分子标记检测到的红麻与玫瑰茄之间的遗传差异支持了它们在分类学上的独立性.红麻种质资源的AFLP分析结果支持了红麻起源于非洲的假设,并证实了栽培红麻首先被引到亚洲,并进一步被传播到中北美洲.     

AFLP分子标记在小麦种质资源研究中的应用

AFLP(扩增性片段长度多态性 )是一种新的DNA分子标记 ,近年来广泛应用于小麦种质资源遗传多样性研究、种质指纹图谱构建及遗传材料鉴定、小麦遗传连锁图谱的构建、目的基因的分子定位、分子标记辅助选择以及基因表达调控与克隆研究等方面。本文对AFLP在小麦种质资源研究中的应用进展及前景进行了综述     

我国棉花抗病育种进展及发展思路

本文阐述了我国棉花抗枯、黄萎病育种及种质资源抗性鉴定的研究进展，系统介绍了目前广泛应用3种抗病签定方法及其操作规程，时我国棉花枯、黄萎病原菌生理型的分化以及利用DNA分子标记构建指纹图谱分析枯(黄)萎病菌菌系间亲缘关系进行了综述，较全面地回顾了棉花抗病性的遗传研究及分子标记辅助育种。提出棉花抗黄萎病育种进展缓慢的原因及发展对策，并对深入开展棉花抗病育种进行了讨论。     

188份巴西橡胶树种质材料AFLP指纹图谱分析

对188份巴西橡胶树种质材料进行AFLP指纹图谱分析,25对多态性引物在100～1 000 bp内共扩增出1 274条带,其中701条带具多态性,多态性达55.02％.每对引物扩增的谱带数在36～66之间,平均为51条.12份橡胶树种质材料具特征带.大多种质的遗传相似系数都在0.84～0.94之间,占94.6％.说明大多数供试材料的遗传差异相对较小,这与橡胶树种质遗传基础狭窄,遗传差异不丰富相吻合.UPGMA聚类结果将供试材料分为3大类,5个类群,每个类群再细分为若干个小组,橡胶树大部分种质按照类群遗传特性聚集在一起,表明AFLP分子标记指纹图谱结果与表型鉴定种质结果一致,分子标记指纹图谱技术可以作为种质鉴定的辅助方法,从微观方面来进行种质的研究保存,为选育种提供好的育种材料.     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.