The Status and Conservation of Whooper Swans (Cygnus cygnus) in China

lntr0ducti0nTherearetivespeciesofswaninthew0rld.1'l1reeoftIlemwererecordedinCl1il1a.The}'arewhooperswal1(t:l:VnllsL:l;Vnlts).whistlingswal1(`:l;\'I1lIScohIn1hUIIIlIS)andInuteswan(`111q)1lls()l()r)lll.Amongthem.whooperswanis'themostthmousinChina.Because0ft…     

THE STATUS AND CONSERVATION OF WILDFOWL(ANATIDAE) IN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE, CHINA

INTRODUCTPNHeilongiiangProvinceislocatedinnorth-eaStChina(l2l"l9,-l3"55'Eand43"35,-53"o5'N).Itstotalareaisabout4.6xlo5kInzandabout4.8%ofChinatemtory.AndthelargestmarshIandinChina--TheSan-jiangPlain,withanareaofoverl.oxlO'k,112islocatedhere.ThismarshlandprovidesanexceIlenthabitatsforwaterfOwsIllLittledaawasavailableonbirdsintheregronbefOrel96os.Thegovernn1entofHeilonaiiangProvinceorganizedtwosurveysofwildlifeinthelQ7Osandl983resPechvely.nsTEWroareruODSThewholesurveyonnumberandd…     

Wintering habitat evaluation of Red deer (Cervus elaphus) in forest area of Northeastern China

Six ultimate factors (forage abundance, horizontal sheltering class, distance from human disturbance, snow depth, tree coverage, and edge effect) of Red deer (Cervus elaphus) were investigated in eastern Heilongjiang Province during winter from 1988 to 1991. On the basis of analysis of field data, we evaluated winter habitat conditions of Red deer. The results showed as follows: the wintering habitat quality of Red deer in poplar-birch stands was excellent in the Wanda Mountains, and was moderate in shrub-woods and Korean pine seed stands. According to habitat index (HI) values, the habitat quality in poplar-birch stands (HI=0.8185) was superior to that in shrub-woods (HI=0.4825) and in Korean pine seed stands (HI=0.4385). The wintering habitat quality of Red deer in the Wanda Mountains was superior to that of Dailing Forestry Region. According to the current situations of forestry areas in northeastern China, strengthening habitat management was important for the conservation and management of Red deer population in the next decades. This subject is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province. (Responsible Editor: Zhu Hong)     

A new species of the Genusconfusacris from Daxing’anling area (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Confusacris viridissp. nov, a new speeies of the Genusconfusacris Yin et Li collected from Alihe (Eluncun Banner, Neimengu Autonomous Region) was described. The type specimens is deposited in Biology Department, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.     

Territory and territorial behavior of migrating Common Coot (Fulica atra)

Territory and territorial behavior of the Common Coot(Fulica atra) were studied in two breeding sites,Anbanghe Nature Reserve and Daqing Longfeng wetland,in Heilongjiang Province,China from April to October in 2008 and 2009.In the breeding season,the breeding pairs occupied an area and protected it throughout the reproduction,and both interspecific and intraspecific conflicts were observed.Territory activities became severe since early May,the peak of territory behaviors appeared at late May,and then declined gradually.The territorial activities level was higher than that in the nest building period than in the laying and incubation periods.The most adopted behavioral model was expelling,which was the least energy cost.The degree of territorial behavior tended to be descended since the development of breeding phase.The territory size differed from 1 333 m2 to above 5 000 m2.Wintering population was observed in Poyang Lake of Jiangxi Province.The coots gathered in the open water;however,there was no territory behavior both in the interspecies and intraspecies in wintering sites.The hypotheses why there was territory behaviors for coots both in the interspecies and intraspecies were also discussed.     

基于森林防火与旅游设施综合利用建设模式构想——以张家界七星山旅游度假区为例

张家界七星山旅游度假区是依据特色森林地质景观,规划建设中集观光、体验、休闲、度假、康养、竞技等为一体的国际知名山岳度假体验胜地,为国家5A级旅游景区,是张家界旅游的提质升级版,在旅游规划建设过程中,将森林防火体系与旅游设施建设相结合,可以减少重复性建设,提高综合利用率,更好地保护生态。文章依据当地自然条件,探讨七星山度假区在旅游开发过程中,森林防火与旅游设施建设综合利用的模式,为景区旅游开发中进行森林防火体系建设提供参考。     

Distribution of cranes in Hulunber Grassland and Daxing’an mountains forest region in inner Mongolia

The Daxing’an Mountains and Hulunber Grassland are located in the northeastern border area of China. This region covers a large area of rich biodiversity. The natural environment here is well protected because of low pressure of human activity. There are 5 species of cranes here. They are Red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis), White-napped crane (Grus vipio), Siberian White crane (Grus leucogeranus), Grey crane (Grus lifordi) and Demoiselle crane (Anthropoides virgo). Red-crowned crane is a breeding species that is widely distributed in this area. The main breeding population of this species is in Heilongjiang Province. They migrate to the south of China in winter. White-napped crane, Grey crane, Demoiselle crane are also summer birds. It remains unknown if Siberian White crane breeds here. Since the population of Red-crowned crane, White-napped crane, Siberian White crane in China are at the edge of endangering, so they are listed in the namelist of national protected species. But Grey crane, Demoiselle crane have a larger population, and are widely distributed. (Responsible Editor: Zhu Hong)     

中国纤孔菌属两新记录种

本文报道了中国纤孔菌属两个新记录种,分别为芮克纤孔菌Inonotus rickii(Pat.)D.A.Reid和杨生纤孔菌Inonotus plorans(Pat.)Bondartsev & Singer.芮克纤孔菌采于海南省保亭县热带植物园,生长在橡胶树上,杨生纤孔菌Inonotus plorans发现于中国西北地区的新疆,生长在杨树上,本文根据中国的材料对这两个种进行了详细描述和显微结构绘图.     

Wintering Habitat Evaluation of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in Forest Area of Northeastern China

IntroductionTheprofessionalsworkofwildlifemanagementisatargetforpopulationmanagement,butmoreandmoreprofessionalsworkersareinterestedinthemanagementofthewildlifehabitat(Belley,1984).ItisoneofessentiafworksforustoappraisehabitatwiththescientificmanagementontheReddeerpopulation.Soitisusefultoconservation,developmentandutilizationoftheReddeerinananimal'sperspective.Sincethe1970'smanyscientistshavebeenstudyingthehabitatevaluationfordeer.Severalmodelsandmethodssuchasthelineardiagram,thematrixmodel…     

典型草原3种植物群落水分时空动态变化

以锡林郭勒盟正镶白旗典型草原的主要植被群落为研究对象,探究典型草原植物群落土壤水分及植物水分蒸散的时空动态变化,为该区开展植被恢复工程和荒漠化防治技术决策提供科学依据。结果表明:3种主要植物群落土壤水分主要受控于降水量变化,受气温变化及植物群落水分耗散影响在时间上可分为降水贮存期、水分消耗期和缓慢恢复期。各植物群落蒸发量、蒸腾量与总蒸散量月变化及物候期变化各具特征,不同植物群落间月变化可形成单峰型或双峰型,蒸发量占总蒸散的比例大于蒸腾量。     

Research advances in genetics and breeding ofpopulus davidiana dode in China

In this paper a general introduction is given to research advances in genetics improvement and breeding of Chinese aspen (Populus davidiana Dode) in China. This introduction includes natural distribution and collection, conservation, gene diversity, provenance trial, crossing breeding, vegetative propagation and disease resistant etc. Based on the current situation of forest tree breeding in China, some strategic suggestions concerning the future development of Chinese aspen genetics improvement in China are presented, taking into consideration the existing domestic demands of forestry production and international trends in forest tree breeding. Responsible Editor: Chai Ruihai     

大岗附近大鸨越冬种群数量及生态观察

在内蒙古自治区科尔沁右翼前旗与吉林省镇赉县接壤的大岗荒漠草原地带,采用样带法对大鸨进行了数量统计及生态观察。结果表明,本区域内有5个越冬种群,调查到大鸨实体数量61只,数理统计为261只(抽样强度为1.97%)。大鸨主要在农田荒地和矮草原地带栖息、觅食,40 cm以上的高草原仅见逃离隐蔽之用,西伯利亚杏疏林和贝加尔针茅密度大的区域未见有大鸨栖息活动。     

白榆研究利用现状及我国白榆良种化探讨与展望

白榆（Ulmus pumila）是我国分布最广、最重要的榆属树种,具有重要的经济和生态价值。然而,由于人们对白榆优良性状认识不足,近年来白榆在科研和生产等方面都未受到应有的重视。文中介绍了白榆资源地理分布情况及其生物学特性,综述了白榆研究（不同自然类型、遗传结构特性、扦插组培快繁、逆境生理响应、病虫害防治和天然活性成分分析）、利用（生态防护、用材、园林观赏和药用等）和我国白榆良种选育（种子园建设及种子区划、选择育种和杂交育种）的现状,提出了我国白榆推广应用的良种化建议,并对白榆未来的研究进行了展望,以期为进一步提升白榆的研究水平、提高白榆利用的生态和经济效益提供参考。     

Progeny of Eucalyptus globulus Labill ssp. Globulus

The preliminary assessment of progeny test in a seed orchard of Eucalyptus globulus Labill.ssp.globulus at Yipinglang State Farm of Yunnan Province in China was conducted.The trial was composed of 21 replications,with 2 trees on each plot,15 plots in each incomplete block,and 18 incomplete blocks in each replication,laid out in a α-design of 270 open-pollinated families.The families were of three categories (natural populations,local land race and seed orchard).They were further subdivided into 11 regions.The data from an assessment of growth,stem form and other characteristics of the young trees after being planted 2 years were analyzed.Results are as follows:the different categories differed significantly in their growth,with the families from seed orchards being the best.Regions also differed significantly in their growth.The families from the regions of Westem Victoria,Eastern Victoria and all three seed orchards were better than others.The tamilies from Yunnan had the best frost tolerant and its survival was the highest.For growth,stem form and fungal tolerance,the families from Yunnan were similar to that from Southern Tasmania and Eastem Tasmania.Two-tree plots were strongly recommended over singletree plot designs for large-scale progeny trials.     

加强森林培育振兴东北老森工基地

东北重点国有林区具有良好的自然条件和丰富的森林资源,既是北方重要的生态屏障,又是我国重要的木材及林产品生产战略基地.然而,50多年的开发建设,在为国家的经济建设做出巨大贡献的同时,也造成了林区森林资源利用过度,林区社会经济发展迟缓的不利局面.对东北国有林区进行实地调查,得出结论:该地区中、幼龄林资源雄厚,潜力很大.东北老森工基地的振兴,包含生态功能增强和林业产业振兴,将对东北地区社会发展和经济繁荣产生积极影响,也是长久解决我国木材和林产品供需矛盾的重要途径之一.加强森林培育,强化科学经营,是振兴的基础;深化企业改革,强化体制创新,是振兴的前提;构建新的林业产业体系是振兴的关键;强化政策扶持,是振兴的保障.建议:抓紧推进政企分开、剥离企业办社会职能;将振兴东北老森工基地作为振兴东北老工业基地的重要组成部分来考虑,落实各项措施;编制振兴东北老森工基地的总体规划,作为国家重点工程,列入国家"十一五"发展规划;研究和制定振兴老森工基地包括体制创新,机制创新,资金投入等方面的有关政策;完善林业产权制度、森林资源监管等法律法规.     

世界自然遗产保护对我国自然保护地体系建设的启示

本文介绍了世界自然遗产地现状及其在中国的发展,同时介绍了我国自然保护地相关政策历史演变过程及自然保护地现状.通过对我国世界自然遗产与自然保护地的关系、自然保护地存在的主要问题的研究,对比分析了世界自然遗产地与保护地在我国实际保护工作中的异同点.结果表明:1)两者均受到高度关注;2)两者产生的背景不同;3)目标任务各有侧...     

Study on the biological characteristics ofHomalotglus flaminus

Homalotglus flaminus (Daiman) is an important natural enemy of theChilocorus kuwanae. Its biological characteristic, life history, the action style on hosts were studied at Hongqi Forest Farm, Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province from June 1998 to October 2000, in order to controlH. flaminus and raise the control ability ofChilocorus kuwanae toQuadraspidictus gigas pest. The observed results indicated thatH. flaminus has two generation one year in study area, the pupating span is 12.7 d, life span of females and males is 17.6 d and 10.8 d respectively, egg span is 10 d, and the sex ratio of females to males is 1∶3 Foundation item: This paper was supported by Natural Science and Foundation of Heilongjiang Province. Biography: Mpa Ling (1963), female, Ph. Doctor, associate professor in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China Responsible editor: Song Funan     

杜鹃属植物自然杂交研究进展

杜鹃花是闻名世界的观赏花卉,由于不少种类较弱的生殖隔离屏障,大量人工杂交选育品种得以问世。而在其野外重叠分布区,自然杂交种也屡见不鲜。文中着重从繁育系统、传粉特征、杂交后代与杂交区构成、人为干扰因素与分子鉴定等方面综述杜鹃属自然杂交研究现状,探讨杜鹃属植物自然杂交研究存在的问题并展望今后的研究方向及内容,提出杜鹃属植物自然杂交研究应注重特有传粉昆虫、人工干扰与杂交区构成关系、子代适应力和染色体组等方面,以期为将来揭示杜鹃属植物自然杂交历史、成因及新品种选育研究提供参考。