Relationship between the serum concentrations of serotonin and lipids and aggression in dogs

The serum concentrations of serotonin and lipids--triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein--were determined in 18 normal dogs and 23 dogs diagnosed as aggressive on the basis of interviews with their owners and an assessment of their behaviour with reference to a canine overt aggression chart. The serum serotonin levels in the aggressive dogs were significantly lower than in the normal dogs (P<0.01), but the differences in serum lipids between the two groups were not statistically significant.     

Serum lipid and lipoprotein parameters of Turkman horses

BACKGROUND: Lipid transport systems in animals have been evaluated both as experimental models for lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in humans and to gain insight into the lipid metabolism of specific breeds. The Turkman horse is a pure-blooded horse that lives on the margins of the Caspian Basin; information about serum lipids and lipoproteins in this breed is lacking. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in clinically healthy Turkman horses. METHODS: Concentrations of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and lipoprotein electrophoretic patterns were determined in serum samples from 48 Turkman horses of both sexes and 0-12 years of age. Results were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA. RESULTS: In both sexes and all age groups, the relative percentages of LDL-C (44.2-64.3%) were higher than those of HDL-C (29.7-47.1%) and VLDL-C (5.9-9.0%). Serum concentrations of TG and TC were significantly higher in male (0.45 +/- 0.12 mmol/L; 2.70 +/- 0.45 mmol/L) than in female (0.34 +/- 0.1 mmol/L; 2.15 +/- 0.3 mmol/L) horses in most age groups. The relative percentages of alpha- and beta-lipoproteins in electrophoretic tracings were 62.77 +/- 5.05% and 36.67 +/- 4.29%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Serum lipid and lipoprotein values in Turkman horses differ from those of other equine breeds, and may be useful for evaluating metabolic diseases in this species.     

桑枝皮提取物对急性高血脂症小鼠血脂水平的影响

采用单次静脉注射400 mg/kg Triton WR-1339的方法,建立急性高血脂症小鼠模型,灌胃给予桑枝皮提取物(MBBE),18 h后测定小鼠血清中的甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的浓度,并计算动脉粥样硬化指数(AI)和LDL-C/HDL-C的比值,研究MBBE的降血脂作用。试验结果表明,灌胃MBBE的急性高血脂症小鼠血清中的TG浓度水平得到显著抑制(P<0.05),其中高剂量组(600 mg/kg MBBE)小鼠血清中的TG浓度下降36.6%;灌胃MBBE后,小鼠血清中的TC、LDL-C浓度有所下降,而HDL-C浓度略有增加,其中高剂量组小鼠血清中的TC、LDL-C浓度分别下降8.3%、18.3%,HDL-C浓度升高9.3%;灌胃MBBE后,小鼠血清的AI值和LDL-C/HDL-C比值也明显下降,其中高剂量组分别下降45.6%和28.1%。结果显示,给急性高血脂模型小鼠灌胃给予桑枝皮提取物具有明显的降血脂作用以及降低动脉粥样硬化风险的作用,并且呈现剂量效应。     

不同方法提取的蜂胶液调节血脂作用的实验研究

测定和比较了蜂胶水提液、蜂胶醇提液对实验性高脂血症IRC小鼠血脂及脂蛋白的影响。结果表明，不同的蜂胶提取液均能有效抑制高脂血症ICR小鼠血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL—C）的升高，蜂胶醇提液能显著提高血清高密度脂蛋白（HDL—C）浓度，表明蜂胶能够改善高脂血症小鼠的脂肪代谢。     

去势术对雄性中华田园犬脂代谢的影响

[目的] 研究去势术对雄性中华田园犬脂代谢的影响。[方法] 将12只年龄、体重相近的中华田园犬分为非手术组和去势组,对去势组中华田园犬进行去势手术,观察并测定术前第1天、术后第14天、术后第21天血清中甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）含量,以非手术组作为对照,分析去势术对雄性犬脂代谢的影响。[结果] 去势组与非手术组相比,血清中TG含量在第14天到第21天显著上升;血清中TC含量相比非手术组呈下降趋势;HDL第14天和第21天都低于非手术组;LDL都高于非手术组,整体呈上升趋势。[结论] 去势手术会影响雄性中华田园犬机体脂类代谢,会导致去势犬甘油三酯升高,总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白下降,低密度脂蛋白上升。     

Serum lipid concentrations in dogs with tail chasing

O bjective : To characterise lipid profile in dogs with tail chasing.
M ethods : Fifteen dogs with tail chasing were included in this study. A behavioural diagnosis was made for each dog on the basis of the dog's behavioural history, clinical signs and results of other medical assessments. None of the dogs had concurrent medical disease that would account for compulsive tail chasing. Blood samples were taken from each dog after a fasting period of 12 to 16 hours to measure total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Fifteen control dogs were also enrolled on the basis of normal physical examination results, complete blood count and serum biochemistry profiles.
R esults : Dogs with tail chasing had significantly higher total cholesterol (P < 0·01), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P<0·05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P<0·001) compared with control dogs. Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels did not differ significantly between the groups.
C linical S ignificance : Tail chasing may be associated with serum cholesterol elevations in dogs. High serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels may be used as biochemical parameters of compulsive tail chasing in clinical settings.     

Characterisation of lipid profiles in dogs with parvoviral enteritis

OBJECTIVE: To characterise the lipid profiles in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. METHODS: Blood was collected before treatment from 30 dogs that fulfilled the criteria for severe sepsis including hypo- or hyperthermia, hypotension, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and evidences of organ dysfunction. Canine parvovirus was detected by haemagglutination and indirect fluorescence antibody tests in the faeces. Twenty control dogs were also enrolled on the basis of normal physical examination results, complete blood count and serum biochemistry profiles. RESULTS: Tachycardia, tachypnoea, hypotension, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and increased serum markers of tissue injury (alanine aminotransferase, creatinine kinase myocardial isoenzyme [CK-MB], blood urea nitrogen and creatinine) were observed in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. Serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lower, but serum triglyceride level was higher in dogs with parvoviral enteritis than those in control dogs (P<0.001). Circulating tumour necrosis factor alpha correlated negatively with total cholesterol (r=-0.979; P<0.001) but positively with triglyceride (r=0.953; P<0.001) in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. Serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lower in non-survival (n=9) dogs than in survival dogs (n=21, P<0.001). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased, but serum triglyceride level increased in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. Low serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels may be used as an index of the severity of parvoviral enteritis.     

植物甾醇酯对高血脂人群的降血脂作用

目的:研究植物甾醇酯对血脂异常人员降血脂作用。方法:本实验采用前后自身对照,受试者在试饮期间每日食用植物甾醇酯1.2 g(其中植物甾醇酯以酸牛乳为载体),连续饮用45d,实验期间不食用其他降血脂药物。并在实验的前期、中期、后期对试饮人员总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇等指标进行检测。结果:植物甾醇酯能有效的降低血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,平均下降9.982%和17.228%,并且试饮前后低密度脂蛋白胆固醇出现显著差异(P=0.046),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯无明显变化。结论:植物甾醇酯对血脂异常患者初步显示具有辅助降胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的作用,对于轻中度血脂异常患者,可以通过在普通的饮食中添加一定量的植物甾醇酯来起到很好的调节血脂的作用,从而为血脂异常患者摆脱药物治疗提供了有利的支持。     

Plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein concentrations in the dog: The effects of age, breed, gender and endocrine disease

A combined ultracentrifugation and precipitation technique was used to quantify the plasma lipoprotein concentrations of control dogs (n=33) and dogs with diabetes mellitus (n=11), hyper-adrenocorticism (n=14), hypothyroidism (n=10) and obesity (n=20). In addition, the effect of breed type, age and gender on the lipoprotein phenotype was assessed. Breed type and age were found to have no effect upon cholesterol and lipoprotein concentrations but the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration was greater in intact females than intact males. Cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher than those of the control group in dogs with diabetes mellitus (P<0·01), hyper-adrenocorticism (P<0·01) and hypothyroidism (P<0·001). In dogs with diabetes mellitus this was due to increased concentrations of very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) (P<0·01) and HDL-C (P<0·05). The concentrations of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P<0·05) were significantly increased in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism, while in the hypothyroid dogs, VLDL-C (P<0·05), LDL-C (P<0·001) and HDL-C (P<0·05) were significantly higher than the control group. The cholesterol and lipoprotein concentrations in the obese population were not significantly different from control dogs.     

Relationships between serum serotonin and serum lipid levels, and aggression in horses

Levels of serum serotonin and serum lipids--triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein, were determined in normal horses and horses diagnosed with aggression on the basis of a questionnaire survey. Blood serotonin levels in aggressive horses were found to be significantly lower than in non-aggressive horses (P < 0.01), but no association was found with respect to blood lipids.     

Effect of hypothyroidism on blood lipid concentrations in horses.

OBJECTIVE: To measure and compare concentrations of selected blood lipids before and after thyroidectomy in horses. ANIMALS: 5 healthy adult mares. PROCEDURE: Mares were confirmed to be euthyroid. Thyroidectomy was performed, and hypothyroidism was confirmed. Selected blood lipid variables were measured before hypothyroidism was induced and weekly for 4 weeks after induction. Plasma concentrations of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) were measured. The composition of VLDL and LDL also was examined. RESULTS: Mean plasma concentrations of VLDL and LDL increased significantly after thyroidectomy. By 4 weeks after thyroidectomy, a ninefold increase in mean plasma concentration of VLDL and a threefold increase in LDL, compared with baseline values, were detected. After thyroidectomy, mean percentage of TG in VLDL increased significantly, whereas free cholesterol and cholesterol ester content decreased. Mean percentage of TG in LDL also increased by 3 to 4 weeks after thyroidectomy. Serum concentrations of TG and TC increased, whereas serum NEFA concentration decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Hypothyroidism significantly alters blood lipid concentrations of horses. After thyroidectomy, markedly high VLDL concentration, appearance of TG-rich VLDL, increased serum concentrations of TG and TC, and decreased blood concentration of NEFA were evident. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Examination of blood lipid concentrations of horses may be useful for detecting naturally acquired hypothyroidism.     

Influence of obesity on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of obesity and diet in dogs on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations by assaying plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations and determining total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations as well as the concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides in various lipoprotein classes (ie, very-low-density, low-density, and high-density lipoproteins). ANIMALS: 24 Beagles; 12 lean (mean [+/- SEM] body weight, 12.7 +/- 0.7 kg) and 12 chronically obese (21.9 +/- 0.8 kg) dogs of both sexes, between 1 and 9 years old. PROCEDURES: Total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations; lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations; and plasma ghrelin, leptin, free fatty acids, insulin, and glucose concentrations were measured and compared between lean and obese dogs, both of which were fed a complete and balanced maintenance diet. Chronically obese dogs were subsequently fed a high-protein low-energy diet to evaluate effects of diet composition on plasma lipid and lipoprotein measurements. RESULTS: Chronic obesity resulted in a significant decrease in plasma ghrelin concentration and a significant increase in plasma leptin, cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations in dogs. High total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations resulted from increased cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in all lipoprotein fractions. In obese dogs, modification of diet composition resulted in beneficial effects on plasma lipid and leptin concentrations, even before weight loss was observed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Correlations exist between obesity and plasma measurements (ie, lipoproteins, leptin, insulin, and ghrelin) commonly associated with obesity. Modification of diet composition to control energy intake improves plasma lipid and leptin concentrations in obese dogs.     

饲料胆固醇含量对斜带石斑鱼生长性能、组织生化指标和肝脏脂肪代谢相关酶活性的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料胆固醇含量对斜带石斑鱼生长性能、组织生化指标和肝脏脂肪代谢相关酶活性的影响。在以酪蛋白为主要蛋白质源的基础饲料中分别添加0(对照组)、5、10、15、20和25 g/kg的胆固醇,配制成6种等氮等能试验饲料,并分别命名为C0、C0.5、C1、C1.5、C2和C2.5,饲料中胆固醇实测含量分别为2.6、7.5、12.7、17.2、22.2和27.2 g/kg,投喂360尾平均初重为(84.30±0.25)g的斜带石斑鱼10周。每种试验饲料设3个重复,每个重复投喂20尾鱼。结果表明:随着饲料胆固醇含量的升高,增重率(WGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)和饲料效率(FE)呈先上升后下降的趋势。C0.5组WGR、PER和FE最高且显著高于对照组(P0.05)。各添加组全鱼粗脂肪含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),粗灰分含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。肝脏总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)含量随饲料胆固醇含量的升高而上升,肌肉TC和TG含量不受饲料胆固醇含量的显著影响(P0.05)。随饲料胆固醇含量的上升,血清TC、TG、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量先上升后趋于平稳,血清HDL-C/LDL-C呈下降趋势。C2.0组血清TG含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),C2.5组血清HDL-C含量显著高于对照组和C0.5、C1.5组(P0.05),C2.5组血清LDL-C含量显著高于其他各组(P0.05),对照组血清HDL-C/LDL-C显著高于各添加组(P0.05)。随着饲料胆固醇含量的升高,斜带石斑鱼肝脏苹果酸酶(ME)活性呈升高趋势,C1.5、C2.0和C2.5组显著高于其他组(P0.05);肝脏肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶Ⅰ(CPTⅠ)活性先下降后趋于平稳,对照组显著高于其他组(P0.05);肝脏CYP7A1活性则先上升后趋于平稳,以C2.5组活性最高,较对照组升幅达35.48%(P0.05)。本试验中,以W GR和肝脏胆固醇7α-羟化酶(CYP7A1)活性为评价指标进行折线模型分析得出,斜带石斑鱼对饲料中胆固醇的需要量分别为7.43和8.70 g/kg。     

Spectrophotometry and Ultracentrifugation for Measurement of Plasma Lipids in Dogs with Diabetes Mellitus

Background

There are conflicting reports of plasma lipoprotein lipid content in dogs with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Objectives

To determine lipoprotein lipid content of plasma of dogs with DM by spectrophotometry and ultracentrifugation; to compare lipoprotein lipid content in diabetic and healthy dogs; and to quantify apolipoprotein B‐100 (ApoB) in dogs with DM.

Animals

22 dogs with DM and 9 healthy dogs.

Methods

Cross‐sectional study. Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) concentrations were measured by spectrophotometry. Very low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL‐C) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) concentrations were calculated after ultracentrifugation. Non‐HDL‐C cholesterol was calculated by subtracting HDL‐C from TC. ApoB was quantified by ELISA. The Mann‐Whitney test was used for comparison of median lipoprotein concentrations, and Spearman's correlation was used to assess associations between ApoB and lipoprotein fractions.

Results

All values are reported in mg/dL. Median TG (122), TC (343.5), HDL‐C, (200), VLDL‐C, (27) LDL‐C (68), non‐HDL‐C (114), and ApoB (320) were significantly higher in dogs with DM, compared to healthy dogs (57, 197, 168, 12, 16, 31, and 258, respectively, P‐values 0.0079, <0.001, 0.029, 0.011, <0.001, <0.001, 0.025, respectively). A significant association was found between ApoB and LDL‐C (Spearman's rho = 0.41, P = 0.022) and between ApoB and non‐HDL‐C (Spearman's rho = 0.40, P = 0.027).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Dyslipidemia of dogs with DM is characterized by pronounced increases in LDL‐C and non‐HDL‐C concentrations, although all lipoprotein fractions are significantly increased. Knowledge of specific lipoprotein fraction alterations in dogs with DM can enhance treatment options for diabetic dyslipidemia in dogs.     

Lipids and lipoproteins in normal dogs and in dogs with secondary hyperlipoproteinemia.

Concentrations of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and free glycerol were neasured, and serum lipoprotein electrophoresis was performed in normal dogs and in dogs with hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and acute pancreatitis. Twelve privately owned dogs and 20 Basset Hounds from a research colony served as normal subjects. Privately owned had higher serum lipid concentrations than did research dogs. On electrophorisis of normal dog serum, lipoprotein bands were detected at the beta, pre-beta, alpha-2, and alpha-1 positions. Hypercholesterolemia was associated with increased intensity of the alpha-2-lipoprotein band, and hypertriglyceridemia occurred with increased lipoprotein at the origin, or the beta or pre-beta positions. Hypothyroid dogs had normal lipid values and lipoprotein electrophoretic patterns, hypercholesterolemia with increased intensity of the alpha-2-lipoprotein band, or hypercholesterolemia and hypertiglyceridemia with prominent beta-, pre-beta, and alpha-2-lipoprotein electrophoretic patterns were changed to near-normal values after levothyroxine administration. Diabetic dogs had increased serum cholesterol and triglyceride content and a predominance of lower density lipoproteins, as detected by electrophoresis. Insulin therapy caused the lipid concentrations to decrease and the electrophoretic pattern to revert to near normal. Dogs with acute pancreatitis had moderately increased serum lipid content and electrophoretic patterns characterized by increased intensity of the beta-lipoprotein band and by altered migration of alpha-1-lipoproteins.     

Effects of acute pancreatitis on circulating lipids in dogs

Effects of acute pancreatitis on circulating lipids in dogs were evaluated by comparing the serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and plasma lipoprotein electrophoretic patterns of 4 dogs with experimentally induced pancreatitis (EIP), 2 (healthy) sham-operated control (SOC) dogs, and 4 dogs with naturally acquired pancreatitis (NAP) with the concentrations and patterns of 23 healthy, nonoperated control (HNC) dogs. Blood samples were collected once from HNC dogs, 1 to 3 times during the course of the disease in dogs with NAP, and prior to and at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after induction of pancreatitis in dogs with EIP or after the sham operation in the SOC dogs. The dogs with EIP did not have turbid serum and did not develop hypercholesterolemia or hypertriglyceridemia. Three of the dogs with NAP had turbid serum and hypertriglyceridemia, and 3 had hypercholesterolemia. The electrophoretic tracings of HNC dogs had predominant alpha-1 peaks and small beta peaks; 2 of the HNC dogs also had small alpha-2 peaks. The tracings of dogs with EIP were similar to those of HNC dogs until 48 to 72 hours after induction of pancreatitis, when dogs with EIP developed increased beta lipoproteins, decreased alpha-1 lipoproteins, and movement of lipoproteins into the alpha-2 zone. The tracings of SOC dogs were similar to those of HNC dogs at all times. Compared with HNC dogs, dogs with NAP all had increased beta lipoproteins, and 2 had decreased alpha-2 lipoproteins. Two dogs with NAP had additional lipoprotein alterations, unlike any seen in dogs with EIP.     

大鼠模型研究乳酸菌调节血脂作用

目的:探讨乳酸菌制剂对高脂血症模型大鼠血脂水平的影响.方法:采用高脂饲料喂养SD大鼠建立预防性高脂血症模型,将实验大鼠分成正常对照组、模型对照组、6#动物双歧杆菌低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组、Qq08菌低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组.连续灌胃给药45d,观察两株乳酸菌制剂对高脂血症大鼠血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的影响.结果:与正常对照组比较,高脂饲料连续喂养45d后,模型对照组大鼠血清TG和TC显著升高(P＜0.01);与模型对照组比较,给药45d后,1)6#动物双歧杆菌低剂量组TG和TC显著降低(P＜0.05),中高剂量组TG和TC极显著地降低(P＜0.01);2)Qq08菌低剂量组TG和TC显著降低(P＜0.05),Qq08菌中剂量组和高剂量组血清TG和TC极显著地降低(P＜0.01);3)各剂量组大鼠血清HDL-C无显著性差异.结论:两株乳酸菌制剂都具有辅助降血脂的作用.     

Effect of dietary protein content and tryptophan supplementation on dominance aggression, territorial aggression, and hyperactivity in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of high- and low-protein diets with or without tryptophan supplementation on behavior of dogs with dominance aggression, territorial aggression, and hyperactivity. DESIGN: Prospective crossover study. ANIMALS: 11 dogs with dominance aggression, 11 dogs with territorial aggression, and 11 dogs with hyperactivity. PROCEDURE: In each group, 4 diets were fed for 1 weeks each in random order with a transition period of not < 3 days between each diet. Two diets had low protein content (approximately 18%), and 2 diets had high protein content (approximately 30%). Two of the diets (1 low-protein and 1 high-protein) were supplemented with tryptophan. Owners scored their dog's behavior daily by use of customized behavioral score sheets. Mean weekly values of 5 behavioral measures and serum concentrations of serotonin and tryptophan were determined at the end of each dietary period. RESULTS: For dominance aggression, behavioral scores were highest in dogs fed unsupplemented high-protein rations. For territorial aggression, [corrected] tryptophan-supplemented low-protein diets were associated with significantly lower behavioral scores than low-protein diets without tryptophan supplements. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: For dogs with dominance aggression, the addition of tryptophan to high-protein diets or change to a low-protein diet may reduce aggression. For dogs with territorial aggression, tryptophan supplementation of a low-protein diet may be helpful in reducing aggression.     

Serum lipid and lipoprotein changes in ponies with experimentally induced liver disease

Alterations in serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in ponies with experimentally induced liver disease were investigated. Hepatocellular damage was induced, using a nonlethal dose of carbon tetrachloride. In a separate group of ponies, obstructive jaundice was induced by surgical ligation of the common bile duct. Over a 6-day period, blood samples were obtained from ponies after treatment with carbon tetrachloride and for 12 days in ponies subjected to surgery. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were unaffected in both groups of ponies, except for significantly (P less than 0.01) high triglyceride concentration in ponies of the ligated group during the second postsurgical week. This increase was most likely attributable to anorexia observed during that period. Hyperbilirubinemia was observed early in ponies of the ligated group; most of the bilirubin was of the conjugated type. Using electrophoretic and ultracentrifugal methods, serum lipoprotein alterations were detected only in ponies of the ligated group. Increases of very low-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration were found. Although no changes were seen in total serum cholesterol concentration, a redistribution of lipoprotein cholesterol was observed in ponies of the ligated group. Similar alterations in lipoprotein distribution have been found in dogs, rats, and human beings with obstructive jaundice and cholestasis. The association between serum lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase activities and these lipoprotein alterations remains to be elucidated.     

罗汉果皂苷对肥胖小鼠脂代谢的改善作用研究

【目的】 探讨罗汉果皂苷改善高脂喂养诱发肥胖的小鼠脂代谢异常的作用,并探讨其作用机制。【方法】 选取健康雄性昆明小鼠60只,以高脂饲料喂养4周后,随机分为6组：空白组、模型组、辛伐他汀组,以及罗汉果皂苷高（200 mg/（kg·d））、中（100 mg/（kg·d））、低（50 mg/（kg·d））剂量组,连续灌胃给药4周,同时维持高脂喂养。给药完成后,称量各组小鼠体重及脂肪组织重量,计算脂肪系数;检测小鼠血清和肝脏组织甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）的含量,以及血清载脂蛋白A1（ApoA1）和载脂蛋白B （ApoB）含量,并测定肝脏中脂蛋白脂肪酶（LPL）和肝酯酶（HL）的活性。【结果】 与空白组相比,模型组小鼠体重、脂肪重量及脂肪系数均极显著升高（P<0.01）。与模型组相比,罗汉果皂苷高、中剂量组小鼠的脂肪重量及脂肪系数均显著降低（P<0.05）;高剂量罗汉果皂苷显著或极显著降低了小鼠血清及肝脏TC、LDL-C含量（P<0.05;P<0.01）,极显著升高了血清HDL-C含量（P<0.01）;高、中剂量罗汉果皂苷极显著降低了血清ApoB含量（P<0.01）,极显著或显著升高了小鼠肝脏LPL和HL的活性（P<0.01;P<0.05）。【结论】 罗汉果皂苷能预防高脂饲料诱导的肥胖小鼠血脂、肝脂和体脂的增加,其可能的作用机制是通过影响ApoB的合成及HL、LPL的活性。研究结果为将罗汉果皂苷开发为新的减肥降脂产品提供了依据。