甜柿茎尖培养增殖试验

近年来随着甜柿引种栽培和推广工作的进行,生产上对良种甜柿苗的需求量急剧增加.采用常规的繁育方法,周期长、成活率低、速度慢,不能满足生产上的需求,茎尖培养技术是甜柿快繁苗木的一种有效方法.我们对3个甜柿品种的茎尖增殖技术进行了研究,以期为生产上柿苗木快繁提供技术依据.     

大葱茎尖脱毒苗培养及增殖技术的研究

 章丘大葱茎尖外植体启动培养基以MS + NAA 0.1 mg·L^-1 + 2iP 0.4 mg·L^-1最佳, 诱导率为100 % , 生根壮苗最佳培养基为1/ 2 MS + NAA 0.01 mg·L^-1 + IBA 1.5 mg·L^-1, 生根率100 %。驯化移栽成活率100 %。分化培养基以MS + NAA 0.1 mg·L^-1 + 2iP 0.6 mg·L^-1最佳, 丛生率100 % , 平均分化苗数6.8 。根尖染色体观察, 遗传表现稳定。     

沙芥茎尖培养及腋芽萌发和增殖的影响因素

以沙芥无菌实生茎尖为外植体,探索了光照强度对茎尖培养的影响,研究了植物生长调节剂6-BA与IBA的不同浓度组合对沙芥幼苗短缩茎腋芽诱导和腋芽增殖的影响,同时研究了消毒方法对田间沙芥萌动腋芽增殖的影响。结果表明:最适宜茎尖分生组织生长的光照强度为3 600lx;最佳诱导腋芽萌发并进行伸长生长的植物生长调节剂组合为6-BA 5.0mg/L,IBA0.5~1.0mg/L,腋芽诱导率达93.3%~96.7%,平均诱导芽数为4.2~4.3;最适宜腋芽增殖的植物生长调节剂浓度组合为6-BA 5.0mg/L+IBA 1.0mg/L,丛生芽诱导率达93.1%,增殖系数达3.44;田间的萌动腋芽经70%酒精浸泡3~5s与0.1%升汞震荡10~12min,二者交叉消毒效果最理想,污染率为10%,成活率达到85%,褐化率只有20%,但外植体生长缓慢,生长周期长,增殖率极低,不适宜进行增殖培养。     

核桃茎尖增殖培养基筛选试验

研究了3种基本养基(DKW、MS、WPM)、生长调节剂(6-BA、IBA)及蔗糖用量对核桃品种香玲试管苗增殖的影响。结果表明:1.0 mg/L 6-BA作用极显著,40 g/L蔗糖作用显著,基本培养基和IBA(0.001~0.01 mg/L)作用不显著,作用大小依次为6-BA>蔗糖>基本培养基>IBA;最佳的增殖培养基为DKW+6-BA1.0 mg/L+IBA0.01 mg/L+糖40 g/L,增殖系数可达6.5以上。     

四季草莓赛娃茎尖培养试验

四季草莓 ( Fragaria vesca var.Semperflo-rens)品种赛娃 ,1 997年自美国引进。该品种具有果实大、味美、四季结实的特点。为了提高赛娃繁殖系数 ,尽快向生产大量提供苗木 ,使其在草莓生产中产生效益 ,我们探讨了该品种茎尖组织培养技术。1　材料与方法　　切取生长健壮赛娃匍匐茎茎段 ,用流水冲洗 1～ 2小时后 ,先用 75%的酒精灭菌 5min(分 ) ,再用无菌水冲洗 3～ 5次 ,然后用 0 .1 %升汞处理了 3～ 5min,最后用无菌水冲洗 5～ 6次。在超净工作台上切取匍匐茎茎尖 ,接种到附加不同浓度 BA、 NAA、 IBA的 MS培养基上 ,先诱导茎尖萌发 …     

罗汉果茎尖组织培养瓶外生根技术

利用组织培养技术,进行植物的快速繁殖是组织培养应用的一个重要方面。按常规组织培养方法,一般需经接种、增殖、转移生根、出瓶锻炼培养,四个阶段才能获得生根组培苗。按常规方法由增殖阶段转入转移生根阶段,仍需在超净工作台上或在无菌条件下操     

抗寒苹果“新冠”的茎尖组织培养

以苹果"新冠"茎尖为材料,通过研究不同的激素配比对芽增殖和生根的影响,探索抗寒苹果"新冠"的最适增殖培养基和生根培养基.结果表明:"新冠"的最适诱导培养基为MS+0.1 mg/L NAA+1.5 mg/L 6-BA;最适增殖培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.05或0.08 mg/LNAA,其增殖系数达到7.4;最适生根培养基为1/2MS+0.2 mg/L IBA+0.6 mg/L IAA,其生根率达到90.5%.     

树莓茎尖培养技术及其应用

树莓（Ｒｕｂｕｓ）为小灌木浆果树种,浆果加工饮品营养丰富,近年来在国际市场热销,正在成为果树行业增长热点之一,目前,黑龙江、吉林、江西等省开始大面积推广,但树莓繁殖所采用的扦插、根、压条等传统做法,其繁殖系数低、速度慢,影响了优良品种的推广。本试验探讨了树莓品种茎尖培养等技术,旨在解决树莓繁殖难的问题,并大量繁殖优良品种苗木。１材料与方法 供试树莓品种为美国２２号、澳洲红、黄树莓,茎尖为冬条和春梢腋芽,将枝条茎段（春梢去掉叶片）用流水冲洗干净,先用 ７０％酒精杀菌 ３０ ｓ（秒）,再换用０．１％升汞…     

南果梨的茎尖培养

南果梨是秋子梨系统中的优良品种.其果实色泽鲜艳,肉质细腻多汁,石细胞少,芳香味浓,品质极上,经济价值高,并且抗寒、抗旱、适应性强,栽培面积迅速扩大.但苗木主要来源于嫁接繁殖,导致病毒病不断扩展和蔓延.目前已鉴定明确的梨病毒有5种,即梨石痘病毒、梨环纹花叶病毒、梨脉黄病毒、苹果茎沟病毒、榅桲矮化病毒.     

迷迭香茎尖培养

以迷迭香茎尖为试验材料,研究了不同浓度的6-BA、NAA对迷迭香茎尖培养植株再生的影响.结果表明:MS 6-BA 1.0 mg/L NAA 0.02 mg/L有利于茎尖培养.1/2 MS IAA 0.3～0.4 mg/L有利于不定根的诱导.     

影响油桃叶片产生胚性愈伤组织的因素

以早熟油桃华光和曙光为试材,对影响早熟油桃叶片产生胚性愈伤的基本培养基、外源激素、碳源、环境(光照强度,温度,暗培养时间)等因素进行研究,结果表明:碳源对两种油桃叶片胚性愈伤的诱导影响不显著,其他影响因子对油桃叶片胚性愈伤的诱导均显著。其中华光和曙光在暗培养21d时,产生的有效愈伤较其他处理有极显著差异,有利于有效愈伤的产生;外源激素对诱导桃叶片产生胚性愈伤组织影响显著,NAA不是影响胚性愈伤产生的主效因子;基本培养基中,QL,1/2MS培养基有利于华光胚性愈伤的发育,QL,LP培养基有利于曙光胚性愈伤的发育;当温度在24￣27.5℃时,光照强度为2000lx,有利于胚性愈伤组织的诱导及生长;接种方式上,叶背横切,叶面贴于培养基表面的接种方法易产生胚性愈伤。实验中发现:叶背横切,叶面接于G+2.5mg/LBA+0.5mg/LIBA培养基上,暗培养21d,转入1/2MS+2.0mg/lTDZ+2.0mg/LBA+0.5mg/LNAA的培养基中,温度控制在24￣27.5℃,光照强度为2000lx时,愈伤组织发育良好,获得高频胚性愈伤,进一步分化产生8%的不定芽。     

早熟油桃新品种——紫金红1号的选育

紫金红1号是以早熟油桃的自然实生种子经胚拯救培养培育而成的早熟油桃品种,经SSR鉴定,与早红2号的亲缘关系较近。该品种在南京地区6月上旬成熟,果实生育期80d左右;果实圆形,果面80%￣100%着红色;平均单果质量125.4g,最大200g;果肉黄色,硬溶质,风味甜,可溶性固形物含量11.5%,黏核;需冷量550h。早果,丰产。     

早熟油桃新品种—沪油002的选育

从瑞光3号×五月火的杂交后代中选育出优质早熟油桃新品种沪油002。该品种果实生育期为75d,在上海地区的果实成熟期为6月6日左右。幼龄树以中长果枝结果为主,自花结实率为26.3%～38.7%。果实椭圆形,平均单果质量123g,大果质量146g。果面底色浅白,着紫红色,覆盖率50%～75%。果肉白色,风味甜香,可溶性固形物含量9%～11%。黏核,丰产性好。     

早熟油桃新品种——中油桃10号的选育

中油桃10号是以油桃优系6-20(京玉×NJN76)为母本,曙光为父本,通过有性杂交和胚培养育成的早熟、优质油桃新品种。该品种果实近圆形,平均单果质量106g,大果可达197g;80%果面披玫瑰红色,或全红;果肉乳白色,肉质硬度适中,成熟后软化过程缓慢,常温下货架期可超过10d;风味浓甜,可溶性固形物为10%～14%,汁液中等,品质优;黏核。花型为铃型,花瓣小;花粉多,自交可育,自然坐果率41.9%～46.2%。果实发育期68d,郑州地区6月8日前后成熟。     

大棚油桃生长发育的特点

调查了油桃主要栽培品种曙光、丹墨、早红艳和千年红在大棚内生长发育情况,结果表明:(1)长梢生长有3个高峰期,第一生长高峰比露地明显延后25d,主要是由于棚内低温寡照所致。(2)果实膨大遵从“双S”规律,第一膨大阶段比露地明显延长,硬核期比露地推迟16d。果实成熟期比露地推迟19d。(3)干周粗度与深层根系的须根量呈正相关,相关系数为r=0.86509,达显著水平。根系量越多,分布越深,树势就越旺。树势过旺,会影响树冠中下部短枝的花芽分化。     

Factors affecting shoot development in apically dominant Acer cultivars in vitro.

Summary

Axillary shoot cultures of both Acer saccharinum L. ‘Pyramidale’ and A. platanoides L. ‘Crimson King’ displayed strong apical dominance and prolific basal callus in vitro, which was not conducive to rapid multiplication and rooting. Basal callus was reduced in ‘Pyramidale’ by replacing 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP-5μM) with zeatin (5μM), but this also reduced axillary shoot growth. The addition of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (1-20 μM) altered callus development and promoted a concentration-dependent increase in axillary shoot growth. Supplementing medium with thidiazuron (0.005 and 0.05 μM) in addition to BAP (1 μM) enhanced shoot growth, especially with nodal shoot sections, and increased subsequent rooting. Although thidiazuron also increased basal callus, this correlated with better shoot growth in ‘Crimson King’. Selection of apical buds from ‘Crimsom King’ stockplants was essential for the establishment of sustainable cultures; axillary bud-derived expiants quickly died. Once shoots of ‘Pyramidale’ and ‘Crimson King’ had elongated, they could be readily rooted in vitro, and plantlets were successfully weaned under high humidity ‘dry fog’.     

In vitro propagation of wavy-leaved Indian paintbrush (Castilleja applegatei Fern.)

Castilleja spp. (Indian paintbrush, Orobanchaceae) are desirable ornamental plants with showy floral bracts that are native throughout much of the western U.S. Propagation of these hemiparasites by seed is usually successful only when a host species is present, and asexual propagation through traditional methods has proven to be extremely difficult. In this study we present an effective shoot culture micropropagation system for Castilleja applegatei Fern., the wavy-leaved Indian paintbrush. In vitro shoot tips of three C. applegatei clones were cultured for 28 days on woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with four concentrations of each of three cytokinins: 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 6-(y,y-dimethylallylamino)-purine (2iP) and zeatin. Responding explants, shoot number per responding explant and shoot length were determined. In vitro rooting of microcuttings cultured for 42 days on media containing three concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) were also evaluated. A high percent response to shoot induction was observed across all treatments, ranging from 94.5 to 100%. C. applegatei responded best to zeatin, which resulted in both the highest mean shoot number and mean shoot length among the cytokinins tested. The best overall shoot multiplication occurred on media with 4.0 μM zeatin, yielding a mean shoot number of 4.11 and mean shoot length of 3.95 cm. The mean highest rooting response (66.7%), root number (13.21) and root length (2.73 cm) were obtained on WPM supplemented with 10 μM IBA. Significant clone × treatment interactions existed for all variables except mean root number, thus the optimum treatments for both shoot multiplication and root induction were clone-dependent. Rooted microcuttings were acclimated ex vitro with an average success rate of 81.2%. This study demonstrates the considerable potential of an in vitro shoot culture system for the asexual propagation of Castilleja spp.     

In vitro shoot multiplication and plant regeneration in four Capsicum species using thidiazuron

A procedure of in vitro plant propagation using shoot meristem explants (∼0.5 cm) has been developed for Capsicum annuum cv CA960, C. baccatum, C. frutescens and C. praetermissum on Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Plant Physiol. 15, 473–497] medium containing various cytokinins. Among various concentrations of cytokinins tested; adenine (Ad), N⁶-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (Kn), zeatin and thidiazuron (TDZ) individually. TDZ regenerated maximum number (4.2–22.4) of shoots in all the Capsicum species tested. Multiple shoot elongation occurred upon transfer to BA (0.22 μM l⁻¹) + IAA (0.48 μM l⁻¹). Rooting of regenerated shoots was achieved on medium supplemented with 5.71 μM l⁻¹ indole-acetic acid (IAA). Rooting was observed in 72–94% of shoots obtained from TDZ-containing regeneration medium followed by elongation treatment in contrast to 8–22% of shoots without elongation treatment. Plantlets obtained from TDZ-containing media were normal diploid (2n = 24) and could readily be established in the soil under green house conditions with a survival frequency of 68–84%. Regenerated plants were developed into morphologically normal, fertile plants and able to set viable seeds.     

Evaluation of basal media for micropropagation of four highbush blueberry cultivars

Murashige and Skoog medium (MS), woody plant medium (WPM), and a mixture of equal parts of MS and WPM (MW) were compared for in vitro shoot proliferation and rooting of four highbush blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) cultivars. During the multiplication stage, the shoots on WPM showed worse growth than the other shoots. The MW produced the best shoot growth. The shoots on MS grew well but tended toward hyperhydricity in the multiplication stage, especially in the case of ‘Bluecrop’ shoots. Rooting was worst in the shoots multiplied on WPM, while the best rooting percentage of ‘Bluecrop’ shoots was obtained on MS, and that of ‘O’Neal’ on MW. The rooted shoots developed a good root system and were easily acclimatized after potting.