Construction and Characterization of a cDNA Library from the Pulp of Coconut （Cocos nucifera L.）

To investigate the gene expression profile of endosperm development, a cDNA library was constructed and characterized from the pulp of coconut at different developmental stages. The constructed cDNA library incorporated approximately 1 × 10^7 clones in total, and the size of the insertion fragments ranged from 800 to 2 000 bp. Sequencing results of 100 randomly picked clones showed that the recombination rate was 96%. In subsequent sequence analysis, 41 clones （41%） were homologous to known function proteins, and 23 clones showed high amino acid identity （more than 80%） with the corresponding genes of different plants. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR indicated that oleosin and globulin genes are pulpspecific expression, and have differential expression level in different developmental stage. Clone 29, recognized as homologous to KIAA1239 protein （Homo sapiens）, was observed to occur nine times, indicating that this gene may be over-expressed during the endosperm development stage. However, the homologous protein was found only in mammals, and the detailed function is still unknown. Elucidation of the functional characterization of these genes will be carried out immediately.     

Inverse Leaf Aging Sequence （ILAS） and Its Significance of Wheat

The implication of the revelation of the inverse leaf aging sequence (ILAS) of wheat needs to be probed in theory and practice. Since 2005, the comparison experiment of the ILAS and the conventional leaf aging sequence (CLAS) has been carried out to measure the canopy temperature and some important biological parameters of wheat. In nature, there existed the phenomenon that the wheat leaves aged in an sequence opposite to the conventional sequence and some of the leaves of ILAS wheat aged sequentially differed from those of CLAS wheat, i.e., the penultimate leaves rather than the flag leaves aged last among the leaves at different leaf positions; in correspondence with the inverse leaf aging sequence,there appeared an unconventional leaf color structure at the late fruiting stage, which had yellow upper leaves and green lower leaves, opposite to the conventional leaf color structure that had green upper leaves and yellow lower leaves; the chlorophyll concentrations, soluble protein concentrations, transpiration rates, and net photosynthetic rates of the penultimate leaves of ILAS wheat unconventionally surpassed those of their flag leaves as their growth moved forward from one stage to another stage, and the ILAS wheat characteristically presented cold canopy temperature, i.e., a cold tail canopy temperature at the late fruiting stage, or a cold canopy temperature at the whole fruiting stage; because ILAS wheat was unique in physiological process, its kernel weights were obviously higher than those of CLAS wheat, which closely related to the "relay" kernel-filling mode, which was different from the kernel-filling mode of CLAS wheat under which the flag leaves act as the main nutrient supply source at the whole fruiting stage. This study provided a new idea and approach for the theoretical exploration on wheat fruiting and aging, wheat yield further improvement, and cold type wheat and cold tail wheat breeding.     

生独养殖模式（上）

目前养猪生产结构的最小单元有三种．一种是专业的母猪养殖户．二种是专业的母猪养殖户．还有一种是自繁自养养殖户。中中生猪养殖业主要就是这三种单元结构。     

生独养殖模式（上）

目前养猪生产结构的最小单元有三种．一种是专业的母猪养殖户．二种是专业的母猪养殖户．还有一种是自繁自养养殖户。中中生猪养殖业主要就是这三种单元结构。     

Avermectins的结构改造（综述）

简要评述了ａｖｅｒｍｅｃｔｉｎｓ结构改造的进展     

盲蝽卵的扫描电镜观察研究（Ⅰ）（半翅目：盲蝽科）

记述了植食性盲蝽：肉桂泡盾盲蝽Pseudodoniella chinenisis Zheng、八角泡盾盲蝽Pseudodoniella typica(China&;amp;Carvalho)、苜蓿盲蝽Adephocoris lineolatus(Geoze)及淡缘厚盲蝽Furystylus costalis St14种卵的形态、细微结构及生物学记录。利用扫描电镜对上述种类卵进行了观察、比较。首次揭示出这4种卵的卵壳表面细微结构,卵前极呼吸角形态特征及细微构造。     

Isolation and Structural Identification of Herbicidal Active Substance from Root of Flaveria bident （L.） Kuntze

In order to understand the composition and structure of herbicidal active substance from the root of Flaveria bidentis （L.） Kuntze, the isolation and structural identification were researched in this paper. The crude extract from the root ofF. bidentis （L.） Kuntze was extracted by petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and water saturation of n-butyl alcohol, respectively, and the extraction fluid was separated by using the method of TLC, then the main fraction was separated by HPLC, and the structure of the herbicidal active substance was analyzed by LC-MS, elemental analysis and ~H-NMR. The results showed that the petroleum extraction had the strongest herbicidal activity, and the purple blue stripe separated by TLC had the strongest effect on Digitaria sanguinalis. The herbicidal active substance was identified as ct-terthienyl according to the data of LC-MS, elemental analysis and 1H-NMR.     

Expression and Activity Analysis of Non-Structural Protein 2 （NS2） of Bombyx mori Densovirus Zhenjiang Strain

The gene of the non-structure protein 2 （NS2） was cloned by PCR from the genome ofBombyx mori densovirus Zhenjiang strain （BmDNV-Z）, inserted into prokaryotic expression vector pET28a to construct recombinant plasmid pET28a-NS2 and then expressed in bacteria Escherichia coli BL21 （DE3）. The expressed recombinant protein was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. Then, the recombinant protein was purified by Ni-NTA column, renatured and tested for enzyme activities. The purified NS2 protein exhibited a helicase activity unwinding double-stranded DNA substrates into single-strand primers, and higher unwinding activity to polarity substrate. Similarly, the purified NS2 protein possessed an ATPase activity and its enzyme activity was 0.276 μmol gg^-1 h^-1 in this study. The results indicated that the non- structure protein which encoded by the gene of BmDNV-Z NS2 possesses the biological activities of helicase and ATPase, and the helicase prefers to polarity substrates. Based on these results, it is speculated that the gene of BmDNV-Z NS2 plays an important role in the viral DNA replication.     

果园果实套袋技术（上）

一、套袋前的管理进行套袋的果园要求综合管理水平高、树体健壮、病虫害发生轻、群体结构和树体结构良好、通风透光、生长季透光率达到25%～35%。宜选留单果（穗）,选择结果部位好、果实（穗）下垂、果柄较长、果型端正     

Advances in Toxicology of Nε-（carboxymethyl）- lysine （CML）

Advanced glycation end-products （AGEs） are products of non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, lipids or nucleic acids and other macromolecules. To be spe- cific, Nε-（carboxymethyl）-Iysine （CML） is one of the most important components of AGEs, which is wildly distributed in the body and can be formed in vivo or in food processing and heating processes. Previous studies have shown that CML is a ma- jor immunological epitope in AGEs and plays an important role in diabetes and its complications, as well as in the development and progression of aging. This review summarized recent advances in major source, toxicological hazard and control mea- sures of CML.     

Intron-Targeted Intron-Exon Splice Conjunction （IT-ISJ） Marker and Its Application in Construction of Upland Cotton Linkage Map

To develop a new DNA maker, which could be used in genetic diversity analysis and genetic map construction in plants, IT-ISJ （intron targeted intron-exon splice junction） primer combinations, which were designed according to the intronexon splice junction conserved sequences, were used to construct cotton genetic linkage map in the present study. 49 out of 704 IT-ISJ primer combinations showed polymorphism between upland cotton high quality cultivar Yumian 1 and multiple dominant gene line T586, and the polymorphic primer combinations accounted for 7.0% of total primer combinations. 49 IT-ISJ primer combinations were used to genotype 270 F2：7 recombinant inbred lines developed from （Yumian 1 × T586） F2, and 58 IT-ISJ loci were obtained. 58 IT-ISJ, together with 150 SSR and 8 morphological loci, were used to conduct linkage analysis, and a linkage map including 22 linkage groups and 113 loci （49 IT-ISJ, 62 SSR, and 2 morphological loci） was constructed. The linkage map covered 714.5 cM with an average interval of 6.3 cM between two markers, accounting for 16.1% of cotton genome. The present study demonstrated that the polymorphism of IT-ISJ marker is high, and it could be effectively applied in plant genetic map construction.     

生物农药知识（中）

（续第3期）三、生物农药的销售现状农药残留问题,特别是蔬菜农药残留日益引起人们关注。大力推广生物农药是从源头上杜绝农药残留问题的途径之一。然而在实际推广中,生物农药却显得步履维艰。总体来说,我国生物农药在整个农药登记产品中的比例较小。现阶段的农药产品结构比例无法适应大力发展和推广绿色、环保型农药,保护生态环境健康的需要。分析原因如下：1．对生物农药的宣传不够大多数农民不了解生物农药的优点,对生物农药缺乏认识。     

果园果实套袋技术（上）

一、套袋前的管理进行套袋的果园要求综合管理水平高、树体健壮、病虫害发生轻、群体结构和树体结构良好、通风透光、生长季透光率达到25%～35%。宜选留单果(穗),选择结果部位好、果实(穗)下垂、果柄较长、果型端正、无病     

日本农业标准中（JAS）批准交叉层压木材（CLT）

9月4日,在日本农林水产省 （Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries）的农业和林产品标准委员会（Council for Agricultural and Forest Products Standards）上,日本农业标准（JAS）批准了交叉层压木材（CLT）草案。农林水产省审查之后不久,交叉层压木材（CLT）的日本农业标准（JAS）将要颁布。结果,建造使用交叉层压木材（CLT）的木制建筑可没有任何特别的限制。此外,委员会批准的胶合板的JAS标准修订草案,其中精选结构胶合板有新规范。