陶塞特杂种一代断奶羔羊体重、体尺指数相关性研究

无角陶塞特羊(Poll Dorset)原产于大洋洲的澳大利亚和新西兰，属内毛兼用型半细毛羊。该品种采用复杂杂交育种方法培育而成。杂交母本是雷兰羊和有角陶塞特羊，父本为考力代羊。其杂种再与有角陶塞特公羊回交，从后代中选择无角个体进行培育而成。无角陶塞特羊具有生长发育快、早熟、繁殖季节     

高寒地区胚胎移植陶塞特羊生长发育规律的测定

对胚胎移植陶塞特羊从初生到10月龄不同月龄体重、体尺的测定和分析表明，胚胎移植陶塞特羊早期生长发育快，肉用体型较明显，10月龄体重接近40 kg；6月龄后日增重随着月龄的增长呈递减趋势，10月龄以前生长发育性别间无显著差异。     

古浪县黄花乡绵羊硒缺乏的调查

甘肃古浪县黄花乡华鑫公司种羊场饲养的纯种波德代、无角陶塞特89只。自2006年10月份发现部分羊只出现消化紊乱，后肢背腰强直，母羊早产、流产、产弱胎等症状。经流行情况调查，临床检查，实验室检查，实验性治疗，证实羊只发病是因硒缺乏所致。     

青海省民和县陶塞特羊及其后代羊弓形虫病的血清学调查

对青海省民和县各乡镇引进陶塞特羊及其杂交后代羊，采集和分离了781份血清，采用间接血凝试验（IHA）进行血清抗体定性和定量检测，共检出阳性血清66份，平均阳性率为8．45％。为有效预防、诊断、控制该县弓形虫病提供了理论依据。     

无角陶塞特羊与多浪羊杂交改良效果初探

以外来著名肉羊无角陶塞特公羊为父本，以新疆地方优良肉脂兼用型多浪羊为母本进行杂交改良，克服多浪羊尾脂过多，四肢过长，肋骨开张不理想等不足，进一步提高多浪羊的出肉率。试验数据显示，陶F1胸围较多浪羊提高9％～10％，胸围指数提高12％以上，日增重较多浪羊提高24％～33％；尤其是多浪羊硕大的尾脂显著减少，仅为本品种尾脂60％，杂交效果显著。     

4个绵羊品种MHC-DRB3基因外显子2的多态性分析

采用PCR-RFLP方法分析4个绵羊品种（阿勒泰羊、中国美利奴肉用多胎品系、湖羊和陶塞特羊）MHC-DRB3基因第2外显子的多态性，并进行聚类分析以及基因杂合度和多态信息含量的计算。结果表明：在绵羊MHC-DRB3基因第2外显子第122、154、168、220和241 bp碱基处表现出多态性；χ2适合性检验结果表明，4个绵羊群体MHC-DRB3基因的第2外显子的PstⅠ酶切位点达到了Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态，TaqⅠ和HaeⅢ酶切位点多态性均未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态；4个绵羊群体基因杂合度和多态信息含量值分别在0.693～0.774和0.662～0.738之间，表明4个绵羊品种具有丰富的遗传多样性；聚类结果表明，中国美利奴肉用多胎羊和湖羊亲缘关系最近，阿勒泰羊和陶塞特羊关系较远，与实际选育过程一致，MHC-DRB3多态性可作为绵羊育种标记进一步研究。     

陶塞特公羊突发性少精症的治疗方案

实验设计两个阶段治疗突发性少精症。第一阶段 ,大剂量雄激素 中等剂量HCG ;第二阶段 ,小剂量雄激素 FSH 维生系E 睾丸按摩处理。实验结果表明 :采用的激素处理方案可以成功治愈陶塞特公羊的不育症。     

羔羊肥育试验

选用波德代羊(♂)蒙古羊(♀)F1和无角陶赛特羊(♂)蒙古羊(♀)F1中3、5月龄的公羔、羯羔和母羔各5只,以相同月龄的蒙古羊公羔为对照进行30天的短期肥育试验,试验采用放牧+补饲的肥育方式.结果表明5月龄组波德代和陶塞特杂种羔羊日增重最高达300 g/d和293 g/d,极显著(P＜0.01)高于对照组(203 g/d),饲料转化率分别是对照组的1.5和1.3倍,经济效益是对照组的3.9和3.8倍;3月龄组波德代和陶塞特杂种羔羊日增重最高达280 g/d和267 g/d,也极显著(P＜0.01)高于对照组(216 g/d),饲料转化率是对照组的1.3和1.5倍,经济效益是对照组的2.3和3.1倍.     

无角陶塞特羊与青海绵羊杂交改良育肥试验

无角陶塞特羊早期生长发育快,产肉性能好,且适应性强、耐粗饲。互助县是青海地区绵羊的主产区,但因当地品种个体小,生长速度慢,产肉量低,农户养羊效益甚微。为了充分利用本地饲草资源,提高本地绵羊的产肉性能,该县引进无角陶塞特种公羊杂交改良当地绵羊,取得了显著成效。在农户饲养管理水平相同情况下,陶杂一代羔羊的初生、1月龄、2月龄、3月龄、4月龄、5月龄体重显著高于青海羔羊(P<0·01),陶杂一代比青海羔羊分别增加了1·13、2·06、3·95、6·45、5·95和6·40 kg,相对提高了38·97%、37·18%、47·88%、60·56%、47·79%和48·48%,后…     

不同绵羊杂交模式及其生产效益分析

本试验研究了小尾寒羊纯繁(Ⅰ组)一元杂交、小尾寒羊(♀)×陶塞特(♂)二元杂交(Ⅱ组)、陶寒(♀)×特克赛尔(♂)三元杂交(Ⅲ组)三种模式下的繁殖效率及其经济效益。结果表明,在相同的饲养管理条件下,小尾寒羊纯繁的每胎产羔数和年产羔总数最高,但是,其所产羔初生重和生长速度最低。此外,无论是在3月龄前还是6月龄前,三元杂交的羔羊日增重最高,二元杂交次之。对每只母羊净收入分析,发现养殖模式以陶寒(♀)×特克赛尔(♂)三元杂交的收入最高(1367.1),小尾寒羊(♀)×陶塞特(♂)二元杂交次之(1322.7),小尾寒羊纯繁最低(866.5元)。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …