杂交油菜内源激素的变化特征与杂种优势关系初探

运用酶联免疫法研究了油菜杂种优势与内源激素变化特征的关系，结果表明杂交油菜与常规油莱相比，苗期叶片ＧＡ含量高，ＡＢＡ含量低，营养生长旺盛．杂种优势明显；越冬期叶片ＧＡ含量低，ＡＢＡ含量高，生长缓慢，植株细胞液浓度高，抗寒性强；茎期叶片ＧＡ、ＡＢＡ含量均低，ＧＡ／ＡＢＡ仍然低；薹茎中ＧＡ／ＡＢＡ高，有利于抽薹开花，促进生殖生长。     

带叶兜兰成花过程中叶片内源激素与多胺含量的变化动态

近些年兜兰产业发展迅速,但花期调控难成为限制兜兰产业发展的瓶颈。以带叶兜兰为试验材料,采用高效液相色谱分析的方法,研究带叶兜兰开花期间叶片中内源激素及多胺含量的变化规律,分析内源激素及多胺对其开花的影响。结果表明,高水平的ZT、IAA、GA₃、多胺含量和GA₃/IAA比值有利于带叶兜兰花芽分化;带叶兜兰花朵形态建成需要更高水平的ZT、IAA、GA₃、多胺含量和Spd/Put、Spm/Put比值;带叶兜兰叶片GA₃具有调控IAA水平和Put水平的作用,多胺和激素之间存在密切的关系。     

同色兜兰叶片内源激素变化与开花关系研究

近些年兜兰产业发展迅速,但花期调控难成为限制兜兰产业发展的瓶颈。以较易开花的同色兜兰为试验材料,观测各时期功能叶长和宽及花朵发育的形态变化,并采用酶联免疫法检测功能叶片内源激素的变化动态,分析它们与花发育的关系。结果表明：（1）同色兜兰花苞显现期,功能叶具有高水平的ZR和低水平的IAA,以利于成花分化;（2）在激素平衡研究中发现,顶芽从营养生长向生殖生长转换时（大苗期）,功能叶具有高比值的 IAA/GA₃、ABA/GA₃和低比值的ZR/ABA、ZR/IAA;（3）成花形态分化时（花苞显现期）,功能叶具有低比值的IAA/ABA、IAA/GA₃和高比值的ZR/GA₃、ZR/IAA;（4）大苗期、花苞显现期内源激素水平和比值对同色兜兰花芽诱导和花芽正常分化具有重要影响。     

杧果花期内源激素含量的变化

对白玉杧和泰国金白花2个品种杧果在花芽膨大期、初花期、盛花期和末花期的内源激素脱落酸（ABA）、吲哚乙酸（IAA）、赤霉素（GA3）和玉米素核苷（ZRs）的含量进行了研究。结果表明：花芽膨大期金白花中ABA和LAA含量高于白玉杧,而白玉杧中GA3和ZRs含量高于金白花杧;初花期白玉杧中ABA和GA3含量高于金白花杧,而IAA和ZRs含量则低于金白花杧;盛花期白玉杧中ABA,IAA和GA3含量低于金白花杧,而ZRs含量高于金白花杧;末花期白玉杧中ABA,LAA,GA3和ZRs含量均低于金白花杧。     

月季萨蔓莎切花衰老过程中内源激素水平变化

以切花月季“萨蔓莎”（Rose hybrida cv.Samantha）为材料,研究切花花瓣衰老过程中内源激素水平的变化.结果表明：在“萨蔓莎”切花衰老过程中,3个处理乙烯形成与呼吸跃变出现是一致的,对照（CK）的乙烯含量始终最多;CK的脱落酸、玉米素含量呈下降上升再下降再上升的趋势,含量均比其它处理高;CK的赤霉素、异戊烯基腺嘌呤含量呈上升下降上升的趋势,含量比其它处理高;CK的生长素含量呈下降趋势,含量比其它处理低.2个保鲜剂处理减少了乙烯、脱落酸和细胞分裂素的量,提高了生长素的量,从而延缓切花的衰老,提高切花的品质.赤霉素与衰老无直接相关性,只是在平衡中起作用.     

杂交粳稻屉优418的特征特性及栽培技术

屉优418是辽宁省农业科学院稻作研究所以理想株型和优势利用相结合,用屉锦A和粳型特异亲和恢复系C418配组选育而成并通过了辽宁省农作物品种审定委员会审定。该组合穗粒优势明显、株型理想、高抗稻瘟病、米质优良、增产潜力大、生态适应性广。到目前为止已在生产上累计推广种植6.6万hm2以上。同时指出了主要栽培技术要点。     

HPLC法测定孕穗期水稻剑叶中多种内源激素的含量

以孕穗期水稻剑叶为材料,建立了HPLC法,对水稻中的吲哚乙酸(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA)、玉米素(Z)和水杨酸(SA)等5种植物内源激素进行分离和测定。以甲醇为提取溶剂,再经SPE C18小柱过柱子除杂。HPLC分离采用C18(5μm×4.6×250 nm)反向色谱柱,最终采用PDA检测;以甲醇-水(0.5%乙酸)为流动相,流速为0.9 m L/min,进样量为20μL,在波长254 nm、272 nm和236 nm下同时检测。洗脱梯度为:0~4 min,A:20%~30%;4~10 min,A:30%~48%;10~20 min,A:48%~80%;20~30 min,A:80%;30~35 min,A:80%~20%;35~40 min,A:20%。结果表明,5种激素峰形良好、尖锐且保留时间稳定,方法的线性范围为3.125~1000 mg/kg,决定系数R2>0.9996,加标回收率达45.73%~116.70%。同时,本研究采用建立好的方法对不同胁迫处理下孕穗期水稻剑叶中内源激素含量进行了分离测定,效果良好。     

白背飞虱取食后水稻幼苗内源激素变化研究

[目的]研究白背飞虱取食后苗期水稻内源激素含量变化规律及其合成途经相关基因的差异表达,为进一步解析内源激素调控水稻白背飞虱抗性机理提供参考.[方法]利用UPLC-MS方法测定了白背飞虱敏感材料9311与抗性近等基因系(NIL)在白背飞虱取食0、24和48 h后植株水杨酸(SA)、脱落酸(ABA)、茉莉酸(JA)和生长素...     

油菜叶片衰老与NPK含量变化

定期测定油菜生长后期叶片N，P，K含量结果表明：（1）随着叶片衰老N，K含量下降较快，约有80％以上的N素和90％以上的K素在衰老过程中输向其它器官；（2）P素含量在叶片衰老过程中下降幅度较小，向外输送量约30％，（3）适量施用N肥能延缓叶片N，K养分输出。     

大豆不育系内源激素及基因表达与衰老的关系

为探究大豆不育系产生持绿现象的原因,选用异交结实率不同的大豆不育系和配套保持系为材料,通过测量鼓粒期大豆叶片中生理生化指标含量以及调控衰老相关基因GmSARK、GmCYN1和GmSGR1的相对表达量,分析植物内源激素和基因表达与衰老之间的关系。结果表明:不育系的赤霉素、细胞分裂素含量高于其同型保持系;脱落酸含量、GmSARK、GmSGR1、GmCYN1基因的相对表达量低于其同型保持系;生长素、乙烯含量与其同型保持系间无显著性差异。大豆不育系与其同型保持系脱落酸、乙烯和细胞分裂素共同调节大豆衰老基因的表达程度,进而影响大豆衰老,是引起大豆不育系持绿现象的部分原因。     

Relationship Between Changes in Leaf Endogenous Hormone Contents and Senescence During Grain Filling Stage of a Rice Hybrid and its Parents

A major problem in hybrid rice production is the occurrence of leaf senescence during the grain filling stage that can result in reduction of yield. Changes in contents of several endogenous hormones are related to leaf senescence. The relationship between endogenous hormones and leaf senescence in the rice hybrid Tiyou 418 and its parents Tijin and C418, was undertaken for investigation. Indicators of leaf senescence, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and chlorophyll content, as well as the contents of abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin riboside (ZR), gibberellin (GA1/3) and auxin (IAA) in the leaves were determined. Different rates of leaf senescence were observed in the three materials. Senescence occurred earliest and fastest in Tijin, followed by Tiyou 418 and then C418. A similar trend was recorded in ABA, ZR, and IAA contents during the grain filling stage in the three materials. Changes in (GA1/3 ZR IAA)/ABA ratios were also similar, being quite stable during the early stage of leaf senescence, and decreasing markedly during the late stage. The ratio declined more dramatically in Tijin, in accordance with its faster leaf senescence. The results suggest that the ratio of (GA1/3 ZR IAA)/ABA regulates chlorophyll content, SOD activity, MDA content and membrane lipid peroxidation. It is postulated that endogenous hormones may play a role in the regulation of leaf senescence in a systematic way.     

Relationship Between Changes in Leaf Endogenous Hormone Contents and Senescence During Grain Filling Stage of a Rice Hybrid and its Parents

A major problem in hybrid rice production is the occurrence of leaf senescence during the grain filling stage that can result in reduction of yield. Changes in contents of several endogenous hormones are related to leaf senescence. The relationship between endogenous hormones and leaf senescence in the rice hybrid Tiyou 418 and its parents Tijin and C418, was undertaken for investigation. Indicators of leaf senescence, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and chlorophyll content, as well as the contents of abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin riboside (ZR), gibberellin (GA1/3) and auxin (IAA) in the leaves were determined. Different rates of leaf senescence were observed in the three materials. Senescence occurred earliest and fastest in Tijin, followed by Tiyou 418 and then C418. A similar trend was recorded in ABA, ZR, and IAA contents during the grain filling stage in the three materials. Changes in (GA1/3 ZR IAA)/ABA ratios were also similar, being quite stable during the early stage of leaf senescence, and decreasing markedly during the late stage. The ratio declined more dramatically in Tijin, in accordance with its faster leaf senescence. The results suggest that the ratio of (GA1/3 ZR IAA)/ABA regulates chlorophyll content, SOD activity, MDA content and membrane lipid peroxidation. It is postulated that endogenous hormones may play a role in the regulation of leaf senescence in a systematic way.     

超高产水稻开花结实期间叶片衰老与活性氧代谢的关系

 对超高产水稻培矮64S/9311和协优9308从抽穗到籽粒成熟过程中剑叶中H2O2 、膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）、组织自动氧化速率、脂氧合酶（LOX）及保护酶超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶（POD）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ASP）的动态变化过程进行了测定。结果表明，协优9308的剑叶衰老较慢。2个材料的剑叶叶片衰老可能原因是叶片内SOD、CAT、ASP活性过早下降，LOX活性增加，进而导致膜脂过氧化，使活性氧代谢失调，引起叶绿素和蛋白质降解，培矮64S/9311的各项生理指标比协优9308早衰老，而且乳熟期是培矮64S/9311早衰的关键时期。     

水稻结实期间叶片衰老与膜脂过氧化的关系

 以结实期间的稻为材料，在抽穗开花期通过剪去穗部部分枝梗和全穗等处理后，测定作为叶片衰老指标的叶绿素和蛋白质含量及作为膜脂过氧化指标的丙二醛含量的变化，探讨了水稻结实期间叶片衰老与膜脂过氧化之间的关系。试验结果指出，在水稻抽穗开花期间，剪去穗部枝梗或整个穗子，叶片中的叶绿素和蛋白质含量下降速率在处理后的7 d内就开始明显减慢，而MDA含量增加速率只有在处理7 d后才开始减缓，SOD活性并不因剪穗处理而有所提高。表明因剪穗(或穗部枝梗)而导致的叶绿素和蛋白质含量的变化早于MDA含量的变化，与SOD活性的变化无直接关系。说明在结实期间，水稻叶片在衰老过程中表现出的叶绿素和蛋白质含量的下降，并不主要是由于SOD的活性降低而导致膜脂过氧化作用增强所造成的结果，SOD活性下降和MDA含量的增加可能与叶绿素及蛋白质含量减少一样，只是叶片衰老开始后的一种结果，而非引起叶片衰老的原因。     

养分胁迫对籽粒灌浆期水稻叶片衰老影响的蛋白质组学分析

 采用蛋白质组学分析技术,对养分胁迫下杂交水稻威优916功能叶片蛋白质组差异表达进行研究,以揭示养分胁迫影响籽粒灌浆期水稻衰老的分子机理。经双向电泳分离,从功能叶中获得34个差异表达蛋白质,其中26个蛋白质功能得到鉴定,包括11个参与光合作用蛋白质,4个参与呼吸作用蛋白质,10个参与抗氧化及信号传导蛋白质和1个未知功能蛋白质。分析结果表明,养分胁迫下,灌浆期水稻叶片光合作用及呼吸作用显著下降;清除活性氧类蛋白质表达量下调,活性氧生成蛋白质及胁迫信号传导蛋白质表达量上调,水稻抗性减弱,叶片中活性氧积累,水稻衰老加剧。     

稻田冬季保护性耕作条件下的土壤酶活性与水稻成熟期叶片衰老和籽粒产量之间的关系

 为研究稻田冬季保护性耕作不同种植模式对土壤酶活性以及水稻成熟期叶片衰老的影响, 设计了5种种植模式：免耕直播稻草全程覆盖马铃薯（T1）、免耕直播黑麦草（T2）、免耕直播油菜（T3）、免耕直播燕麦草（T4）和空闲（CK）,供试品种为杂交组合国稻6号。与对照（CK）相比,T1、T2和T3处理均可显著提高土壤蛋白酶、中性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶以及转化酶活性,尤其是T1处理,其土壤酶活性明显高于其他处理,而T4处理与对照相比,差异不明显。T1、T2和T3处理均可有效延缓水稻成熟期剑叶的衰老,主要表现为成熟期剑叶中的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性、可溶性蛋白质和叶绿素含量下降缓慢,丙二醛含量上升的幅度较小,相对于对照（CK）,差异均达显著水平。在本试验条件下,土壤酶对水稻叶片衰老的影响程度依次为蛋白酶>过氧化氢酶>中性磷酸酶>转化酶。叶片衰老对水稻产量的影响主要表现在灌浆中后期。     

杂交稻旗叶衰老过程中超氧自由基与超氧物岐化酶活性的变化

The O₂^- production, scavenging capacity, photooxidation, protein content, and SOD activity were studied in leaves of Yayou 2 (indica-japonica hybrid rice) and Shanyou 63 (indica hybrid rice) at filling stage. It was shown that protein content decreased gradually with days of heading in two varieties in natural condition, and the decrease in Shanyou 63 was more than that in Yayou 2. The rate of O₂^- production and SOD activity increased from heading to 20 days after heading, then decreases but still maintained certain levels until 30 days after heading in two varieties. O₂^- production rate in Shanyou 63 was more than that of Yayou 2, but SOD activity was contrary in two varieties. In addition, the change of O₂^- and SOD under photooxidation condition was consistent with the tendency above under natural condition. It was also shown that there was negative correlation between protein degradation and O₂^- / SOD in the process of senescence in flag leaves after 20 days of heading. It is suggested that O₂^-/SOD could be used as an index of scavenging ability for O₂^- during senescence in rice.     

Effects of Aerated Irrigation on Leaf Senescence at Late Growth Stage and Grain Yield of Rice

With the japonica inbred cultivar Xiushui 09,indica hybrid combinations Guodao 6 and Liangyoupeijiu as materials,field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to study the effects of aerated irrigation on leaf senescence at late growth stage and grain yield of rice.The dissolved oxygen concentration of aerated water evidently increased and decreased at a slow rate.The soil oxidation-reduction potential under aerated irrigation treatment was significantly higher than that of the CK,contributing to significant increases in effective panicles,seed setting rate and grain yield.In addition,the aerated irrigation improved root function,increased superoxide dismutase activity and decreased malondialdehyde content in flag leaves at post-flowering,which delayed leaf senescence process,prolonged leaf functional activity and led to enhanced grain filling.     

粒粒饱对水稻灌浆期间衰老的延缓作用

于水稻初穗期施用二元植物生长物质粒粒饱,就其延缓水稻灌浆成熟期衰老进程的作用进行了研究。粒粒饱对稻株灌浆成熟期延缓衰老作用明显,对易发生早衰的籼型三系杂交稻效应尤其显著。在黄熟期观察,功能叶片的SOD活性比对照高1.9倍,MDA含量比对照低30%,根系伤流量比对照高约1倍。粒粒饱延缓稻株衰老的效应似可分成对产量形成的直接效应和间接效应两类,直接效应是提高籽粒呼吸强度,间接效应是延缓功能叶片 SOD 活性和根系伤流液的下降。