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为了分析评价瘤胃筛选真菌在瘤胃微生物降解利用秸秆等纤维性饲料中的功效。本研究通过模拟瘤胃内环境,运用体外法研究了瘤胃厌氧真菌筛选菌对瘤胃发酵指标的影响,确定筛选真菌A、B、C和D对产气量、NH3-N、菌体蛋白和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)4种瘤胃发酵指标的影响。旨在初步探讨瘤胃真菌筛选菌株对其瘤胃发酵功能的影响,为研究瘤胃真菌筛选菌株添加到瘤胃内对瘤胃降解粗纤维饲料的可能性提供参考。试验结果表明,按培养底物玉米秸秆添加2%真菌D对改善瘤胃发酵功能的综合作用效果最为理想。 相似文献
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本文论述了通过改变日粮、添加离子载体、饲用微生物及利用基因工程技术等手段对瘤胃发酵进行调控的作用瘤胃发酵调控的机理,探讨瘤胃调控目前面临的问题和对未来的展望,以便更好地调节瘤胃发酵使反刍动物达到稳定高效的生产目标。 相似文献
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持续动态瘤胃发酵系统是在体外模拟瘤胃内发酵环境,用于瘤胃微生物代谢以及评定日粮营养价值等方面研究的机械装置。该装置是由一系列具有不同功能的设备组成。目前较新的人工瘤胃模拟系统主要能实现发酵环境中各发酵参数的实时监控并对发酵产物如产气量等进行准确计量,但与实体瘤胃内环境还存在一定差距。本文通过对国内外几种典型的持续动态瘤胃发酵系统的各部分结构和功能进行对比分析,比较各自的优缺点,提出了较为合理的设计方法。总之,持续动态瘤胃发酵系统的设计向着自动化方向发展,但在食糜样品的采集方法等方面还需改进。 相似文献
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全自动体外模拟瘤胃发酵系统:19 kPa以下排气压力不影响发酵特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本试验旨在研究不同排气压力对体外模拟瘤胃发酵特征的影响。选用3只体重相近、装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年湘东黑山羊作为瘤胃液供体动物,利用全自动体外模拟瘤胃发酵系统,选用6种发酵底物进行48 h体外发酵,研究9、14和19 k Pa 3种排气压力对总产气量、甲烷产量、产气参数、干物质消失率、发酵液p H以及挥发性脂肪酸产量等发酵参数的影响。结果表明:发酵底物对体外模拟瘤胃发酵参数影响显著(P0.05);排气压力对体外模拟瘤胃发酵参数没有显著影响(P0.05)。由此可见,排气压力由9 k Pa增至19 k Pa对体外模拟瘤胃发酵特征无影响。 相似文献
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<正>近年来通过调控瘤胃发酵来提高反刍动物饲料转化率及生产性能一直是反刍动物营养研究的重点之一。钾对瘤胃微生物的生长以及瘤胃发酵都是必需的,不同钾水平的日粮在很大程度上影响了瘤胃发酵模式及动物的生产性能。20世纪90年代初以来,体外产气法由于能够较好地模拟瘤胃中的发酵历程和 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献