高钾供应加剧了水稻叶片缺镁诱导的氧化胁迫

Magnesium （Mg） deficiency in plant affects photosynthesis and many other metabolic processes. Rice （Oryza sativa L. cv. ＇Wuyunjing 7＇） plants were grown in hydroponics culture at three Mg and two potassium （K） levels under greenhouse conditions to examine the induction of oxidative stress and consequent antioxidant responses in rice leaves due to Mg deficiency. At low Mg （0.2 mmol L 1 Mg supply for two weeks after transplanting） and high K （6 mmol L^-1） for 21 days, the rice plants showed severe Mg deficiency and a significant decreases in the dry matter production. The Mg deficiency in leaves decreased chlorophyll concentrations, photosynthetic activity, and soluble protein, but significantly increased the concentrations of soluble sugars and malondialdchyde （MDA） and the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOLD, EC 1.15.1.1）, catalase （CAT, EC 1.11.1.6） and peroxidase （POD, EC 1.11.1.7）. In addition, Mg concentrations in the leaves and in the shoot biomass were negatively related to the activities of the three antioxidative enzymes and the concentration of MDA in leaves. There were very significant interactive effects between Mg and K supplied in the culture solution on shoot biomass yield, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, the activities of SOD, CAT and POD, and MDA content in the leaves of rice. It is suggested that the high K level in the nutrient solution aggravated the effect of low Mg supply-induced Mg deficiency and created the oxidative damage in rice plants.     

生物炭对盐碱胁迫下黑麦草和紫花苜蓿光合及抗氧化特征的影响

为探究黑麦草和紫花苜蓿在盐碱胁迫初期的响应机制,揭示生物炭对盐碱胁迫初期黑麦草和紫花苜蓿两种典型牧草光合及抗氧化系统的短期影响,采用盆栽试验方法,设置4种处理：盐碱胁迫处理（C0, 150 mmol/L等摩尔NaCl、Na2CO3、NaHCO3混合盐碱溶液）、盐碱胁迫+1%生物炭（C1）、盐碱胁迫+3%生物炭（C2）、盐碱胁迫+5%生物炭（C3）,并设置无盐碱胁迫的空白对照（CK）,分析盐碱胁迫初期不同生物炭添加量对植物生长指标、光合特性、丙二醛含量及抗氧活酶活性的影响。结果表明：1）14 d盐碱处理显著影响黑麦草和紫花苜蓿的生长状况,降低生物量累积、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度,提高丙二醛（Malondialdehyde）含量,及超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase）、过氧化物酶（Peroxidase）和过氧化氢酶（Catalase）活性,但对叶绿素含量和根长无显著影响（P>0.05）。2）盐碱胁迫初期,生物炭可有效提高黑麦草和紫花苜蓿的抗胁迫能力,显著降低丙二醛含量,缓解盐碱胁迫对黑麦草和紫花苜蓿生长和光合反应的抑制作用,其中3%生物炭处理的生物量、株高、根长较盐碱胁迫分别增加了48.50%～82.34%、31.19%～44.16%、17.15%～48.09%,气孔导度、蒸腾速率增加了118.69%～358.99%、98.66%～526.53%,紫花苜蓿的叶绿素含量和净光合速率分别增加了7.97%和519.09%。3）盐碱胁迫下,随施炭量增加,黑麦草和紫花苜蓿的生长指标、光合特性、细胞膜透性及抗氧化酶活性基本呈现出低添加量促进、高添加量抑制的趋势。综上所述,适量生物炭可有效缓解盐碱胁迫对黑麦草和紫花苜蓿生长的抑制作用,其中3%的生物炭施用量效果最好。