The impact of restoration processes on the selected soil properties and organic matter transformation of mountain fens under <Emphasis Type="Italic">Caltho-Alnetum</Emphasis> community in the Babiogórski National Park in Outer Flysch Carpathians,Poland

Purpose

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of restoration processes on the selected soil properties and organic matter transformation of mountain fens under the Caltho-Alnetum community in the Babiogórski National Park in Outer Flysch Carpathians.

Materials and methods

Restoration processes were conducted on three degraded mountain fens in the Babiogórski National Park in Outer Flysch Carpathians, Poland. The degradation degree of soils was the criterion for the selection of habitats for further studies. To determine the influence of restoration processes on mountain fen soil properties and organic matter transformation, samples were collected in 2011 and 2013. The soil samples were assayed for pH, base cation concentration, hydrolytic acidity, organic carbon and total nitrogen content, total exchangeable base cation concentration, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation. Organic matter fractions were extracted by IHSS method. Quantitative and qualitative study of organic matter was based on fraction composition analysis and the ratio of humic acid carbon to fulvic acid carbon. The research results were statistically verified.

Results and discussion

Based on morphological and chemical properties, the studied mountain fen soils can be classified as Sapric Dranic Eutric Histosols and Sapric Dranic Dystric Histosols according to WRB guidelines (2015). Before restoration processes, the mountain fen soils subjected to a different water regime showed various contents of total nitrogen and organic carbon. The decreasing of the groundwater level was reflected in pH, calcium ion content, exchangeable base cation concentration, and base saturation. The increase of the groundwater level had influence on chemical properties of mountain fen soils such as pH, total exchangeable base cation concentration, hydrolytic acidity, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation. Three-year restoration processes did not cause significant changes in the composition of humic substance fractions.

Conclusions

Mountain fens under Caltho-Alnetum community are priority habitats in Babiogórski National Park in Outer Flysch Carpathians, Poland. These habitats responded to restoration processes in varying degrees depending on the extent of their degradation. The least degraded mountain fen was characterized by a short response time on the restoration processes. The reaction of higher degraded habitats was weaker.

     

Variations in soil infiltration capacity after vegetation restoration in the hilly and gully regions of the Loess Plateau,China

Purpose

To control the severe soil and water losses on the Loess Plateau, China, a series of vegetation restoration projects were conducted. A better understanding of the effect of vegetation types on the soil infiltration capacity is important for the sustainable development of vegetation restoration. The aim of this study was to establish a soil infiltration capacity index (SIC) and to analyze the mechanism influencing variations in the soil infiltration capacity after vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau.

Materials and methods

Eight vegetation types (community dominated by Artemisia scoparia, Stipa bungeana, Artemisia gmelinii + S. bungeana, A. gmelinii + Stipa grandis, A. gmelinii + Artemisia giraldii, Sophora viciifolia, Caragana korshinskii, and Robinia pseudoacacia) and bare land as the control were selected for this study. The SIC was established by a steady infiltration rate (SR, 50–60 min) and stage I average infiltration rate (ARSI, 0–5 min) according to principal component analysis (PCA). Path analysis was used to investigate how the soil properties and plant fine root affected the soil infiltration capacity.

Results and discussion

The SIC values of the eight vegetation types were all higher than that of the bare land. The R. pseudoacacia community had the highest SIC value (0.43), followed by the A. scoparia community (0.30) while the bare land (??0.56) had the lowest value. Path analysis showed that the increase in the fractal dimension and non-capillary porosity of soil particles enhanced the SIC directly. Increases in the clay content increased the SIC by affecting the fractal dimension of soil particles, while increases in the fine root density reduced the SIC by affecting the non-capillary porosity. Plant functional groups (grasses and legumes) affected SIC indirectly via non-capillary porosity and plant root.

Conclusions

A comprehensive index, the SIC, was established to describe the soil infiltration capacity by the PCA method. Based on a comparison with bare land, vegetation restoration enhanced the soil infiltration capacity. The R. pseudoacacia community was the most effective at improving the soil infiltration capacity. The improvement in infiltration was closely related to direct increases in the soil non-capillary porosity and soil particle fractal dimension.

     

荒漠草原不同植被恢复模式的水土保持生态效益

[目的]以内蒙古四子王旗境内退化荒漠草原为研究区域,研究不同植被恢复模式对植物群落组成、土壤含水量、土壤侵蚀的影响,为退化草原水土流失治理和草原生态建设提供理论依据。[方法]针对退化草原特点、水土流失特征,分析不同植被恢复模式下植物群落特征、土壤水分、地表径流和侵蚀量的变化,运用主成分分析对不同植被恢复模式的水土保持生态效益进行评价。[结果]退化荒漠草原的3种植被恢复模式试验样地的植物种类组成、群落总盖度、地上生物量均高于放牧天然草地,"围栏封育+灌木条带+施肥复壮"、"围栏封育+松土补播+草种包衣"2种植被恢复模式的地上生物量与放牧天然草地之间变化差异达到显著水平(p0.05);3种植被恢复模式的实施有效控制了土壤侵蚀,径流量和土壤侵蚀量均低于天然草地。[结论]"围栏封育+松土补播+草种包衣"植被恢复模式在保持水土资源,增加群落稳定性等方面的生态效益最好。     

The effect of landslide on soil organic carbon stock and biochemical properties of soil

Purpose

The aim of the study was to present variability of content and quality of soil organic matter on the landslide surface. Attempts were made to demonstrate the progress of the process of soil cover restoration 7 years after the landslides and biochemical activity of soil associated with the restoration of soil cover.

Materials and methods

The landslide area was located in southern Poland, in the Sucha Forest District. The soil properties were studied on a regular grid of points, which covered the entire area of the landslide. In soil samples, particle size, soil aggregates content, pH, total carbon and nitrogen content, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and the activity of dehydrogenases were determined. Additionally, the fractions of soil organic matter were used in the study as an indicator of soil quality due to the many important interactions of these components in the soil system.

Results and discussion

This study identified the landslide area as characterised by a stronger diversification of physical, chemical, and biological properties. The upper part of the landslide (in the area referred to as the landslide niche) is strongly eroded and characterised by the least advanced soil cover recovery. Additionally, low soil organic matter content was observed in the upper part of the landslide, which restricted biological activity of the studied soils. Soil microbial biomass carbon increased with restoration of landslide soils.

Conclusions

The soil organic matter plays a key role for the initial stage of soil formation on a landslide. The amount of soil organic matter on the studied landslide had a positive effect on the microbial biomasses C and N, dehydrogenases activity. Estimating the soil organic matter fraction can be utilised as an indicator of changes in soil.

     

彭州市龙门山震后迹地植物群落生态恢复初探

汶川大地震不仅造成大量人员伤亡,并且严重破坏社会财产和生态环境。通过对彭州市龙门山区域选取地震崩塌地(地震创面裸地)、泥石流裸地(大型泥石流冲积扇)、滑坡体(整体滑坡)、居住地(灾后居民安置点)4类具有代表性区域进行样地调查和采样,分析了不同地震灾毁情况下植物群落恢复状况。结果表明:各类样地多样性指数大小为泥石流冲积扇>滑坡体>地震崩塌地>居民安置点;居民安置点与其他3类恢复地的多样性指数有明显差异,相似度也较低。说明这类群落恢复到原生群落可能需要较长的时间;土壤有机碳含量变化趋势为泥石流冲积扇>滑坡体>地震崩塌迹地,微生物量碳和易氧化态碳含量为滑坡体>泥石流裸地>地震崩塌地,而可溶性有机碳含量为地震崩塌地>泥石流裸地>滑坡体,表明在不同迹地上土壤有机碳不同组分的恢复进程存在差异。     

内盖夫荒漠中小型土壤节肢动物群落的时空变化

Desert ecosystems are characterized by sparse vegetation that affects both abiotic parameters and soil biota along the soil profile.This study was conducted in 2010–2011 in a loess plain in the northern Negev Desert highlands, Israel, to test two main hypotheses:1) the abundance and diversity of microarthropods would vary seasonally in the top 30-cm soil layer, but would be relatively stable at soil depths between 30 and 50 cm and 2) soil microarthropods would be more abundant in soils under shrubs with large litter accumulations than under shrubs with less litter or bare soil. Soil samples were collected each season from the 0–50 cm profile at10-cm intervals under the canopies of Hammada scoparia and Zygophyllum dumosum and from the bare interspaces between them.Soil moisture and soil organic carbon in the top 30-cm layers varied seasonally, but there was little variation in the soil layers deeper than 30 cm. Soil mites were most abundant in the top 30-cm soil layer in autumn and winter, with the highest number of families found in winter. There were no differences in soil microarthropod abundance attributable to the presence or absence of shrubs of either species. The microarthropod communities of the microhabitats studied consisted of Acari, Psocoptera, and Collembola. The Acari were mostly identified to the family level and were dominated by Oribatida(55%) and Prostigmata(41%) in all seasons and microhabitats, while the psocopterans were most abundant in summer. These results are opposite to those obtained in other studies in similar xeric environments. Moreover, our findings were not in line with our hypothesis that a better microhabitat played a major role in microarthropod community composition, diversity, and density.     

退化喀斯特植被恢复与土壤微生物特征的关系

The mechanism of vegetation restoration on degraded karst regions has been a research focus of soil science and ecology for the last decade.In an attempt to preferably interpret the soil microbiological characteristic variation associated with vegetation restoration and further to explore the role of soil microbiology in vegetation restoration mechanism of degraded karst regions,we measured microbial biomass C and basal respiration in soils during vegetation restoration in Zhenfeng County of southwestern Guizhou Province,China.The community level physiological profiles(CLPP) of the soil microbial community to were estimated determine if vegetation changes were accompanied by changes in functioning of soil microbial communities.The results showed that soil microbial biomass C and microbial quotient(microbial biomass C/organic C) tended to increase with vegetation restoration,being in the order arboreal community stage > shrubby community stage > herbaceous community stage > bare land stage.Similar trend was found in the change of basal respiration(BR).The metabolic quotient(the ratio of basal respiration to microbial biomass,qCO 2) decreased with vegetation restoration,and remained at a constantly low level in the arboreal community stage.Analyses of the CLPP data indicated that vegetation restoration tended to result in higher average well color development,substrate richness,and functional diversity.Average utilization of specific substrate guilds was highest in the arboreal community stage.Principle component analysis of the CLPP data further indicated that the arboreal community stage was distinctly different from the other three stages.In conclusion,vegetation restoration improved soil microbial biomass C,respiration,and utilization of carbon sources,and decreased qCO 2,thus creating better soil conditions,which in turn could promote the restoration of vegetation on degraded karst regions.     

京郊荒滩地短期植被恢复对土壤理化性质及微生物群落结构的影响

为了揭示京郊荒滩地植被恢复初期土壤理化性质与微生物群落结构的变化特征,以补播苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)、补播无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis Leyss)为研究对象,自然撂荒地为对照,采用高通量测序方法研究不同植被恢复模式土壤细菌与真菌的群落结构。结果表明:(1)2种植被恢复方式下土壤全氮含量显著高于对照,补播无芒雀麦土壤全磷含量最高;(2)2种植被恢复方式短期内显著改善了土壤物理性质,土壤容重显著低于对照,补播无芒雀麦土壤田间持水量、毛管持水量与最大持水量最高,补播苜蓿土壤饱和导水率最高;(3)2种植被恢复方式短期内对土壤微生物群落结构产生影响,真菌中的子囊菌门、细菌中的蓝细菌门相对丰度增加,真菌与细菌的生物多样性降低;(4)相关性分析表明,土壤有机质含量与真菌中的子囊菌门、细菌中的变形菌门、蓝细菌门数量存在显著正相关关系。2种植被恢复方式短期内均不同程度的改善了土壤理化性质,增加了固氮及降解有机质的微生物的数量及活性。     

黄土高原植被恢复过程中土壤微生物的演变特征

[目的]探究黄土高原植被恢复过程中土壤微生物的演变特征,为黄土高原生态恢复重建工作提供科学参考。[方法]以Web of Science数据库和CNKI数据库中的期刊论文为数据源,运用CiteSpace文献计量工具对黄土高原植被恢复过程中土壤微生物演变的研究概况及研究热点进行分析。[结果]2002—2018年黄土高原植被恢复过程中土壤微生物演变特征相关文献的发表数量随时间呈增长趋势;国内外研究热点主要围绕土壤微生物量、微生物群落结构以及酶活性展开,且对于微生物量的关注度比较高;在植被演替过程中,微生物生物量和酶活性总体增加,微生物群落从贫营养型向富营养型转变,土壤微生物群落结构和功能的进一步改善。不同植被类型对土壤生物质量改善效果不同,总体来说,混交林作用效果最好,刺槐和柠条纯林次之,荒草地和油松纯林最低。[结论]黄土高原植被恢复土壤微生物今后的研究应注重微生物关键种的识别、参与碳氮磷循环的功能微生物以及全球变化对微生物群落影响等方面。     

黄土高原自然植被恢复过程中土壤温度和水分的相关性

土壤水热因子是影响作物生长发育的重要因子,尤其是在黄土高原自然植被恢复过程中.通过对黄土高原不同自然植被恢复阶段的土壤水分和温度的长期监测,研究植被恢复过程中土壤温度和水分的动态变化及其相关性.结果表明:8-10月草地群落的土壤温度显著高于其他群落,11月辽东栎林群落的土壤温度显著高于其他群落,随着植被恢复,土壤温度变...     

From forest to fen: Microarthropod abundance and litter decomposition in a southern Appalachian floodplain/fen complex

Our study compared decomposition and litter microarthropod abundance among five plant communities in a mountain floodplain/fen complex located in the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA. We found that the least disturbed plant communities, red maple in particular, have the quickest decomposition, the greatest number of litter microarthropods, the highest soil organic carbon, and the lowest soil pH. Positive correlations were shown between soil organic carbon and total microarthropods; negative correlations were found between soil pH and total microarthropods. No correlations were found between soil moisture and decomposition or total microarthropod numbers. We conclude that soil characteristics related to disturbance, rather than to the presence of a closed canopy, are the main influences on decomposition and litter microarthropods.     

Nitrogen and water addition regulate soil fungal diversity and co-occurrence networks

Purpose

A field experiment was conducted to assess the role of nitrogen (N) and water addition in shaping soil fungal communities and co-occurrence networks in temperate grassland, northern China.

Materials and methods

We measured soil fungal and plant community compositions, and also soil properties including available N, phosphorus, potassium concentrations, soil pH, and soil moisture. Soil fungal co-occurrence networks were constructed using a random matrix theory–based network inference approach.

Results and discussion

Plant species richness was decreased by N addition but increased by water addition, whereas fungal richness was decreased by N addition. The fungal community composition was significantly changed by both N addition and water addition. Soil fungal α diversity and β diversity were explained by a combination of variations in plant species richness and plant functional composition, and also by changes in soil pH via the soil acidification pathway induced by N and water addition. The fungal co-occurrence networks were more complex and clustered under water addition than that in ambient precipitation.

Conclusions

Our results suggested that plant functional composition, plant species richness, and soil acidification should be incorporated into ecosystem models for predicting soil fungal communities under future climate changes in terrestrial ecosystems.

     

岩溶区不同恢复阶段檵木根际土壤生态化学计量学特征

[目的]探讨不同植被恢复阶段中檵木(Loropetalum chinense)根际土壤生态化学计量学特征,揭示岩溶石漠化区不同恢复阶段下檵木养分利用规律及限制因子,为岩溶区植被恢复与重建提供科学依据。[方法]利用生态化学计量学方法,分析桂西北岩溶区不同植被恢复阶段(灌木林、原生林)檵木根际土壤生态化学计量学特征。[结果]檵木根际土壤C、N、P含量表现为灌木林阶段高于原生林阶段,而C∶N,C∶P,N∶P比值则刚好相反;同一植被恢复阶段,不同坡位间檵木根际土壤C∶P与N∶P比值存在显著差异;相关性分析表明,土壤C含量与土壤N∶P含量存在显著正相关关系,土壤N,P均与C∶N,C∶P,N∶P存在显著正相关关系,土壤C∶P与C∶N,N∶P存在显著正相关关系。[结论]檵木根际养分供应状况与其生境密切相关,在植被恢复前期(灌木林)檵木生长容易受N素限制,到植被恢复后期檵木生长易受P素限制。     

Unique community structure of viruses in a glacier soil of the Tianshan Mountains,China

Purpose

Glaciers of the Tianshan Mountains have been geographically isolated for a long time with little human interference. This study aimed to understand the viral community structures and their ecological functions in a unique glacier soil.

Materials and methods

The abundances of purified virus particles and bacteria in the glacier soil were examined using epifluorescence microscopy and quantitative PCR of the 16S rRNA gene, respectively. Metagenomic analysis was employed to investigate the taxonomic and functional compositions as well as the phylogenetic relationship of the functional genes of the viruses in the glacier soil.

Results and discussion

A total of eight double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus families were identified in the glacier soil, with Siphoviridae, Podoviridae, and Myoviridae being the more abundant families. The diverse dsDNA viruses and few ssDNA and other types of viruses formed the unique community structure of viruses in the Tianshan Mountains glacier soil. The functional genes identified from the virome mainly belonged to phage-related proteins. The phage terminase of Caudovirales presented high diversity, and its amino acid sequences were different from those in other environments.

Conclusions

The results showed a unique viral diversity and taxonomic composition in the glacier soil, which suggests the significant ecological role of Caudovirales in this environment.

     

Foliage application of nitrogen has less influence on soil microbial biomass and community composition than soil application of nitrogen

Purpose

Many studies have shown the simulated effects of nitrogen (N) deposition on soil microbial community composition by adding N directly to the forest floor but have ignored the N retention process by the canopy. This study was conducted to compare the responses of soil microbial biomass and community composition between soil application of N (SAN) and foliage application of N (FAN).

Materials and methods

A pot experiment was designed with (1) two N application methods (SAN and FAN), (2) three N application levels (5.6, 15.6 and 20.6 g N m^?2 year^?1), and (3) two tree species (Schima superba Gardn. et Champ. and Pinus massoniana Lamb.) following a nested factorial design. Soil microbial biomass and community composition were determined using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) techniques after 1 and 1.5 years of treatments.

Results and discussion

Nitrogen addition increased (P?<?0.05) soil NH₄⁺-N content and soil NO₃^?-N content and decreased (P?<?0.05) soil pH and soil microbial (bacterial, fungal, and actinomycete) biomass for both N application methods. Compared with the SAN treatment, the FAN treatment had higher (P?<?0.05) pH and lower (P?<?0.05) contents of soil NH₄⁺-N and soil NO₃^?-N. Soil microbial biomass and community composition were significantly different between the different N addition levels under the SAN treatment, but they showed no significant difference (P?<?0.05) between the different N addition levels under the FAN treatment. The soil microbial biomass in the S. superba soil was higher (P?<?0.05) than that in the P. massoniana soil for the FAN treatment, with the opposite trend observed under the SAN treatment. Moreover, redundancy analysis showed that soil microorganisms were significantly correlated with soil pH, soil water content, NH₄⁺-N, and NO₃^?-N.

Conclusions

The results showed that N addition affected soil properties, microbial biomass, and the composition of microbial communities; however, the FAN treatment had less influence on soil properties and soil microorganisms than did the SAN treatment over short time scales, and the extent of this effect was different between coniferous and broadleaf trees.

     

Ecological risks of the use of sewage sludge as fertilizer in soil restoration: effects on the soil microarthropod populations

Experimental plots were laid out in a limestone quarry in Girona (Catalonia, Spain) to test the effects of sewage sludge on the soil microarthropod populations. Two different doses of sludge (7·5 per cent and 15 per cent) were applied to fertilize soil that was used to restore a quarry after opencast mining. Mean annual arthropod density increased when sludge was applied, but the 15 per cent dose caused an impoverishment of the community structure and a decrease of the soil oribatid diversity. Julidae (Diplopoda) and large predators of the mite family Parasitidae (Mesostigmata) were the most depressed taxa, whereas some groups depending on the availability or quality of organic matter (such as the immature Coleoptera or the Uropodidae), or on water availability (such as Collembola) were stimulated. Among the oribatids, Punctoribates sp. was the most depressed, whereas the more common little Oppias were significantly favoured. The application of sludge at a dose of 15 per cent must be avoided in order to preserve the soil biodiversity. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of microbial inoculants on phosphorus and potassium availability,bacterial community composition,and chili pepper growth in a calcareous soil: a greenhouse study

Purpose

Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are two important essential nutrient elements for plant growth and development but their availability is often limited in calcareous soils. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of applying microbial inoculants (MI, containing effective strains of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginous) on the availability of P and K, plant growth, and the bacterial community in calcareous soil.

Materials and methods

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to explore the effects of the addition of MI (control: without MI addition; treatment: with MI addition at the rate of 60 L ha^?1) on the concentrations of P and K in soil and plant, soil bacterial community diversity and composition, and chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) growth.

Results and discussion

The results showed that MI inoculation significantly increased the fruit yields by 28.5% (p?<?0.01), available P and K in the rhizosphere soil by 32.1% and 28.1% (p?<?0.05), and P and K accumulation in the whole plants by 40.9% and 40.2%, respectively (p?<?0.05). Moreover, high-throughput sequencing revealed that Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Gemmatimonadetes were the dominant phyla of soil bacteria. MI application did not significantly impact the diversity and composition of soil bacterial communities, but increased relative abundances of bacterial genera Flavobacterium responsible for promoting root development across growing stages (p?<?0.05), and changed the soil bacterial community structure associated closely with soil properties of available P, K, and pH in soil.

Conclusions

The application of MI improved the bioavailability of P and K and plant growth due to its impact on the soil bacterial community structure.

     

甘肃省小陇山林区降雨型浅层滑坡汇水面积-坡度关系及其影响因素

沟头发生侵蚀的地形临界模型可有效预测侵蚀沟的形成条件,浅层滑坡失稳形成的洼地也是沟头形成的方式之一。为探究浅层滑坡临界起动模型的特点,以甘肃省天水市小陇山林区的降雨型浅层滑坡为研究对象,运用汇水面积-坡度关系,构建临界起动模型,与黄土高原典型侵蚀沟(浅沟、切沟)的临界起动模型进行对比分析,并探讨土地利用类型、植被类型和土壤质地对该模型的影响。结果表明:(1)浅层滑坡临界起动模型为S=3.50A_s^-0.34,其侵蚀阈值为3.50,大于黄土高原典型浅沟(0.96)和切沟(1.54)的侵蚀阈值。研究区浅层滑坡一般发生于土层较薄的陡坡地带,其平均坡度(S=1.26)大于浅沟(S=0.35)与切沟(S=0.46),单位汇水面积(A=89.08 m²/m)小于浅沟(A=920.93 m²/m)和切沟(A=1 129.82 m²/m)。(2)汇水面积与坡度平方的乘积(AS²)代表了沟头产生侵蚀的能量指标值。研究区浅层滑坡AS²值在269.1~5 703.2 m²,平均值为1 772.97 m²,黄土高原浅沟AS²值在4.74~892.66 m²,切沟在41~814 m²,启动能量值方面,浅沟<切沟<浅层滑坡。(3)土地利用类型、植被类型和土壤质地通过影响土壤的抗冲力、渗透性和黏粒含量,从而对浅层滑坡的起动难易程度产生影响。在不同的土地利用方式中,农地最易发生侵蚀,其次是林地。油松林附近浅层滑坡的抗侵蚀能力高于日本落叶松林。研究结果为探究浅层滑坡的起动条件提供理论依据。     

Soil fauna abundance and diversity in a secondary semi-evergreen forest in Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles): influence of soil type and dominant tree species

The importance of secondary tropical forests regarding the maintenance of soil fauna abundance and diversity is poorly known. The aims of this study were (1) to describe soil fauna abundance and diversity and (2) to assess the determinants of soil fauna abundance and diversity in two stands of a tropical semi-evergreen secondary forest. Soil macrofauna and microarthropod abundance and soil macrofauna diversity were described at two sites developed on different soils and with different site histories: (1) a natural secondary stand (natural forest) under two dominant tree species, Pisonia subcordata and Bursera simaruba, and (2) a planted secondary forest (planted forest) under three tree species, B. simaruba, Swietenia macrophylla, and Tabebuia heterophylla. The effects of both soil and main tree species’ litter quality were assessed to explain soil fauna abundance and diversity. The abundance of soil macrofauna was significantly higher in the soil under the planted forest, and soil fauna communities were contrasted between the two sites. In the planted forest, a soil-dwelling macrofauna community developed (mainly consisting of the anecic earthworm Polypheretima elongata). In the natural forest, soil macrofauna and microarthropod communities were located at the soil surface. The effect of plant litter quality varied according to each dominant tree species and was superimposed to soil effect. The lowest macrofauna abundance was associated with B. simaruba in the natural forest. T. heterophylla supported a much greater macrofauna community than the two other tree species studied at the same soil, and it appears likely that this is due to the palatability of its leaves compared with the other trees (low lignin, tannins, soluble phenols).     

黄土丘陵区典型植被群落坡面土壤优先流特征及其影响因素

以黄土丘陵区3种典型植被群落(白羊草、铁杆蒿和杠柳)为研究对象,并以退耕1年的撂荒地作为对照(CK),采用原位染色示踪和实验室分析相结合,对比分析不同植被群落斑块格局下的土壤优先流特征,探究植物根系、土壤理化性质对优先流的影响。结果表明:相较CK,植被恢复提高了优先流发育程度;对于各植被斑块,铁杆蒿植被斑块具有最高的染色面积比(45.62%)、最大染色深度(30.30 cm)、优先流比(39.76%)和长度指数(475.90%),杠柳次之,白羊草最小;而对于同一植被群落,除白羊草群落外,其他群落优先流发育程度表现为植被斑块大于裸地斑块;通过结构方程模型发现,优先流染色面积比主要受到土壤总孔隙度、团聚体稳定性、根系生物量密度和有机质含量的直接影响,解释方差可达70%。因此,植被的自然恢复通过其根系发育影响土壤性质,进而改善土壤优先流发育程度,提高土壤入渗能力。