Treatment of canine aural hematoma with an indwelling drain

Aural hematomas in 9 dogs were managed by manual expression through stab incisions in the pinna and placement of indwelling silicone rubber drains, without compression bandaging. The drains were well tolerated. Seromas developed in 2 ears when the drains were removed at 7 and 10 days, but the seromas resolved when the drains were replaced. Healing without deformation of the pinna was obtained when the drains were maintained 13 to 28 days.     

Use of an active intra-abdominal drain in 67 horses

OBJECTIVE: To describe the insertion technique, efficacy, and complications associated with the use of an active (closed-suction) abdominal drain in horses. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. Animals-Sixty-seven horses with abdominal contamination treated by abdominal lavage and use of a closed-suction abdominal drain. METHODS: Medical records of horses (1989-1996) that had a closed-suction abdominal drain were reviewed. Follow-up information was obtained by telephone interviews with owners. RESULTS: Sixty-eight closed-suction abdominal drains were used in 67 horses that had abdominal contamination, peritonitis, or to prevent adhesion formation. The drain was placed under general anesthesia (62 horses) or in a standing position (6 horses). Abdominal lavage was performed every 4 to 12 hours and about 83% of the peritoneal lavage solution was retrieved. Minor complications associated with drain use occurred in 49% of the horses and included obstruction or slow passage of fluid through the drain in 18 horses (26%), leakage of fluid around the drain in 11 horses (16%), and subcutaneous fluid accumulation around the drain in 8 horses (12%). Incisional suppuration developed in 20 of 62 (32%) and incisional herniation in 5 of 46 (11%) horses. CONCLUSIONS: A closed-suction drain system was easily placed and was associated with only minor complications in most horses. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Active abdominal drainage and lavage is a useful adjunct in the treatment of peritonitis or as a prophylactic procedure in horses at risk of developing septic peritonitis and abdominal adhesions. Clinicians should be aware of the high incidence of minor complications.     

Successful closed suction drain management of a canine elbow hygroma

A 1‐year‐old castrated male St. Bernard dog presented to Angell Animal Medical Center with bilateral elbow hygromas which had been present for several weeks. The largest hygroma involving the left elbow was managed with a closed suction (active) drain system to continuously collapse the hygroma pocket over a 3‐week period. Soft bedding was used to protect the elbows from further impact trauma to the olecranon areas. Following drain removal, there was no evidence of hygroma recurrence based on periodic examinations over an 18‐month period. The smaller non‐operated right elbow hygroma had slightly enlarged during this period. Closed suction drain management of the hygroma proved to be a simple and economical method of collapsing the left elbow hygroma. This closed drainage system eliminated the need for the postoperative bandage care required with the use of the Penrose (passive) drain method of managing elbow hygromas. The external drain tube should be adequately secured in order to minimise the risk of its inadvertent displacement.     

运煤专线道床吸污车的研制

介绍了运煤专线道床吸污车的主要功能和工作原理、技术参数及特点、主要结构、计算分析及试验验证情况。     

Treatment of canine aural haernatorna using an indwelling drain and corticosteroids

Aural haematomas were treated using a Pen-rose tissue drain inserted through the haematoma and left in situ for two weeks. Oral prednisolone was prescribed at a dose of 2 mg/kg for two weeks then 1 mg/kg for a further two weeks. Twenty-nine haematomas were treated in 22 dogs. Twenty-six cases resolved after a single treatment. Three ears required a second treatment two to four weeks after the initial treatment and one dog had a postoperative infection of the drain tract. No ears required more than one repeated drainage. Good cosmetic results were achieved in all cases.     

Influence of blood volume drain on some factors of circulation in rabbit

Blood volume were drained from 20 female rabbits, all White New Zealanders, 2.5 kg in average body weight. Several factors of their circulation were determined twice, prior to and after the blood volume withdrawals. Included in the tests were haematocrit, haemoglobin, plasma volume by means of Evans blue dye dilution technique, and blood volume. The amounts of blood volume, BV0, drained ten, 20, 40, 60, and 70 minutes after beginning of the experiment were 4.4, 6.7, 8.9, 11.2, and 13.4 per cent. The ambient temperature was 15 degrees C and the relative humidity 60 per cent. The haematocrit value dropped to 91.2 per cent of the original figure over the whole experimental period and haemoglobin to 87.5 per cent, but decline of the latter was of minor importance along with blood volume loss from 8.9 per cent to 11.2 per cent BV0. Blood volume drain of 8.9 per cent BV0 was accompanied by 102.04 per cent plasma volume, PV0, and 100.4 per cent BV0. Erythrocyte volume and total haemoglobin exhibited similar behaviour in connection with the above amount of blood drain and did not return to their original values. Rabbit response to blood loss (re-absorption of fluid and splenic depletion) is discussed.     

Retrospective analysis of the relationship between time of thoracostomy drain removal and discharge time

O bjectives : The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the volume of fluid being produced at the time of thoracostomy drain removal and the time to hospital discharge in dogs and cats.
M ethods : Records of 101 dogs and 26 cats with thoracostomy drains were reviewed. Three subgroups were created according to the reason for thoracostomy drain placement: P (postsurgical), A (air) and F (fluid). A generalised linear model with Poisson Errors was performed to test the relationship between the volume of fluid produced at the time of thoracostomy drain removal and the time to discharge. The volume of fluid produced and the time to discharge were compared between species and subgroups.
R esults : No significant relationship was found between the volume of fluid produced at the time of thoracostomy drain removal and the time to discharge in either species or between the time to discharge and the reason for thoracostomy drain placement. Animals with a volume of fluid higher than 2 ml/kg/day at the time of thoracostomy drain removal did not have increased hospitalisation times.
C linical S ignificance : Thoracostomy drain can be removed, without clinical compromise, when the volume of fluid produced exceeds 2 ml/kg/day. However, other clinical parameters must be taken into consideration.     

Use of omentum as a physiologic drain for treatment of chylothorax in a dog

OBJECTIVES: To describe a novel technique for the surgical treatment of idiopathic chylothorax in a dog. ANIMALS: A 6-year-old, male Rhodesian Ridgeback, which presented with a history of reduced exercise tolerance and dyspnea. METHODS: Idiopathic chylothorax was diagnosed. Intermittent pleural drainage failed to resolve the problem. During surgery, extensive pleural fibrosis made it impossible to identify the thoracic duct. A dorsal omental pedicle was advanced through an incision in the diaphragm and into the cranial thoracic cavity to act as a physiological drain. RESULTS: The dog recovered well and has remained free from clinical signs of recurrence of the effusion (16 months at the time of writing). CONCLUSIONS: The disease-free interval achieved in this dog indicates that this novel technique is worthy of further consideration in the management of idiopathic chylothorax.     

Closed Suction Drainage in the Treatment of Infectious Arthritis of the Equine Tarsocrural Joint

Infectious arthritis of the tarsocrural joint was treated in 13 horses with closed suction drainage through a flat, fenestrated, latex (Jackson-Pratt) drain, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and bandage immobilization. In 11 horses, arthroscopic lavage and debridement were also performed. Ingress drains were placed for lavage in six horses. Ten horses returned to their previous level of competition or were sound. One horse raced but had lameness of the affected tarsocrural joint and dropped in racing class; one horse was euthanatized because of laminitis in the supporting limb; and one horse was lame, but useful as a breeding animal. Closed suction drainage appeared to be a useful treatment in horses with infectious arthritis. Although arthroscopy was not necessary, it facilitated fibrin removal, lavage, and partial synovectomy. Because of the development of Pseudomonas superinfection in one horse, the use of simultaneous ingress catheters was not recommended.     

Use of transendoscopic contact neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser to drain dorsal epiglottic abscesses in two horses

A submucosal abscess, located on the dorsal surface of the epiglottis, was diagnosed in 2 Thoroughbred racehorses by use of endoscopy. Both horses had exercise intolerance. One horse had intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate, coughed while eating and galloping, and made an abnormal respiratory noise. Both abscesses were drained transendoscopically by use of a contact neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser. Eleven days after surgery, the surgical sites appeared to have healed. Clinical signs resolved permanently, and both horses returned to successful racing careers.     

Lactational performance for improving postweaning reproductive performance and lifetime performance on swine commercial farms

We studied the associations of the weaning litter weight (WLWt) and number of pigs weaned (PW) with measurements of postweaning reproductive performance and examined the repeatability of WLWt, PW and average pig weight at weaning (PIGWt) on commercial swine farms. This study spanned 6 years and was conducted using 57,611 weaning records from 11,574 sows born in 1999 on 92 farms. Variance components analysis was used to determine the repeatability of measurements of lactational performance. Mixed-effects models were used to analyze the associations of measurements of lactational performance with farrowing rate and weaning-to-first-mating interval. The values for repeatability of WLWt, PIGWt and PW were 0.31, 0.34 and 0.17, respectively. No differences in weaning-to-first-mating intervals were found among the five PW groups (< or = 6, 7 to 8, 9 to 10, 11 and 12 to 14 pigs) or among the three WLWt groups (< or = 48.0, 48.0 to 69.0 and > or = 69.0 kg). Sows with 12 to 14 PW had farrowing rates similar to those with 9 to 11 PW. Sows with a WLWt > or = 69.0 kg had the highest farrowing rate (P<0.01). However, sows with 11 PW had an approximately 100 to 200 g lighter PIGWt than those with 4 to 10 PW (P<0.01). This study suggests that increased WLWt and PW do not impair postweaning reproductive performance, but instead decrease PIGWt.