共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 984 毫秒
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抗菌肽在哺乳动物防御系统中的作用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
抗菌肽是近年来发现的广泛存在于自然界的一类阳离子抗菌活性肽,它们在宿主先天性免疫和适应性免疫中有重要作用。多数抗菌肽具有分子小、带正电、两亲性、抗菌谱广等共同特点。防御素和calhelicidins是哺乳动物的两大主要抗菌肽家族,它们通过抵抗致病菌入侵为宿主提供了第一道防线而对宿主具有先天的抗菌防御功能,其中一些多肽对未分化的树突状细胞、淋巴细胞有趋化性,另外还有诱导细胞因子生成、肥大细胞脱粒等作用,从而表明这些多肽能动员并增强宿主的先天性免疫和适应性免疫。本文主要对哺乳动物抗菌肽的一般性质、基因及其表达、在宿主防御中的作用、作用机理及研究前景进行了概述。 相似文献
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抗菌肽具有理化性质稳定、杀菌谱广、抗肿瘤等特性,还具有多项免疫功能,是宿主防御系统的重要成分。近年来对抗菌肽特性的研究,尤其是对其作用机制和应用前景的研究倍受人们的关注。本对抗菌肽的几种作用机制和应用前景进行了综述。 相似文献
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《蚕业科学》2015,(5)
家蚕抗菌肽是蚕体内具有免疫功能的碱性多肽,具有抑制病菌生长和杀伤癌变细胞的作用。以家蚕抗菌肽moricin为研究对象,经密码子优化,设计合成了家蚕抗菌肽moricin基因多拷贝的串联体6×moricin基因,并将其克隆到大肠杆菌原核表达载体pET-28a(+),转化E.coli BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,串联表达了融合抗菌肽6×moricin,且表达量较高。进一步通过盐酸羟胺专一性切割串联表达的融合抗菌肽6×moricin,获得相应的抗菌肽单体。体外抑菌试验验证,切割的抗菌肽moricin单体对革兰阴性菌和革兰阳性菌均有较强的抑制效果,且抑菌圈大小随抗菌肽单体浓度增加而增加。采用基因串联表达技术有望解决抗菌肽对宿主大肠杆菌的抑制作用,为利用生物反应器规模化生产家蚕抗菌肽开辟了新的技术途径。 相似文献
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抗菌肽是由动物和植物细胞特定基因编码产生的一类小分子多肽,具有广谱抗菌活性。抗菌肽的生成和释放是机体炎症反应的组成部分,是宿主 相似文献
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抗菌肽生物活性及其致细胞死亡作用的高度选择性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
抗菌肽是一种参与固有免疫的小分子多肽,具有广谱抗菌活性,构成宿主防御细菌、真菌等入侵的重要分子屏障。目前,抗菌肽在动物保健品中的应用备受关注,特别是其在动物机体内的作用方式。因此,作者对抗菌肽的生物活性及其致细胞死亡作用的高度选择性进行了论述,以便增强人们对此类产品的了解。 相似文献
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抗菌肽是生物体在抵抗外来微生物入侵时产生的一类防御性小肽,在自然界分布广泛,是机体先天免疫系统的重要组成部分。与传统的抗生素相比,抗菌肽分子质量小、水溶性好、热稳定性好、抗菌机理独特、具有广谱的抗细菌、抗病毒、抗真菌、抗肿瘤等活性,且不易诱发细菌产生耐药性等特点。随着细菌耐药问题不断出现及新型抗菌肽的陆续发现,抗菌肽的抗菌活性、溶血性及细胞毒性的机制已成为研究的热点。笔者主要对抗菌肽的分子改造及活性机制的最近研究进展进行阐述,以期为抗菌肽的分子设计改造和应用提供科学的参考依据。 相似文献
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Hao Xiao Fangyuan Shao Miaomiao Wu Wenkai Ren Xia Xiong Bie Tan Yulong Yin 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2015,6(1):19
With the widespread ban on the use of antibiotics in swine feed, alternative measures need to be sought to maintain swine health and performance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are part of the nonspecific defense system and are natural antibiotics produced by plants, insects, mammalians, and micro-organisms as well as by chemical synthesis. Due to their broad microbicidal activity against various fungi, bacteria and enveloped viruses, AMPs are a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics for use in swine production. This review focuses on the structure and mechanism of action of AMPs, as well as their effects on performance, immune function and intestinal health in pigs. The aim is to provide support for the application of AMPs as feed additives replacing antibiotics in swine nutrition. 相似文献
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《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2016,(1)
With the widespread ban on the use of antibiotics in swine feed,alternative measures need to be sought to maintain swine health and performance.Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs) are part of the nonspecific defense system and are natural antibiotics produced by plants,insects,mammalians,and micro-organisms as well as by chemical synthesis.Due to their broad microbicidal activity against various fungi,bacteria and enveloped viruses,AMPs are a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics for use in swine production.This review focuses on the structure and mechanism of action of AMPs,as well as their effects on performance,immune function and intestinal health in pigs.The aim is to provide support for the application of AMPs as feed additives replacing antibiotics in swine nutrition. 相似文献
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星状病毒(AstV)能够感染多种多样的物种,包括人类、哺乳动物和禽类.一旦感染,可诱发肠炎、肾炎以及神经疾病等,但人们对星状病毒感染的免疫反应知之甚少.随着细胞培养系统和动物模型的建立,人们逐渐提高了对星状病毒感染和发病机制的认识.本文综述了目前星状病毒感染免疫应答的机制,并强调了研究中发现的一些关键问题,为治疗和控制... 相似文献
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The development of equine immunity from the fetus to adulthood is complex. The foal's immune response and the immune mechanisms that they are equipped with, along with changes over the first months of life until the immune system becomes adult‐like, are only partially understood. While several innate immune responses seem to be fully functional from birth, the onset of adaptive immune response is delayed. For some adaptive immune parameters, such as immunoglobin (Ig)G1, IgG3, IgG5 and IgA antibodies, the immune response starts before or at birth and matures within 3 months of life. Other antibody responses, such as IgG4, IgG7 and IgE production, slowly develop within the first year of life until they reach adult levels. Similar differences have been observed for adaptive T cell responses. Interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) production by T helper 1 (Th1)‐cells and cytotoxic T cells starts shortly after birth with low level production that gradually increases during the first year of life. In contrast, interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) produced by Th2‐cells is almost undetectable in the first 3 months of life. These findings offer some explanation for the increased susceptibility of foals to certain pathogens such as Rhodococcus equi. The delay in Th‐cell development and in particular Th2 immunity during the first months of life also provides an explanation for the reduced responsiveness of young horses to most traditional vaccines. In summary, all immune components of adult horses seem to exist in foals but the orchestrating and regulation of the immune response in immature horses is strikingly different. Young foals are fully competent and can perform certain immune responses but many mechanisms have yet to mature. Additional work is needed to improve our understanding of immunity and immune regulation in young horses, to identify the preferred immune pathways that they are using and ultimately provide new preventive strategies to protect against infectious disease. 相似文献