制剂新技术在兽药研发中的应用

作者系统阐述了固体分散技术、包合技术、微型包囊技术、纳米技术、脂质体制备技术、乳化技术及中药超微粉碎技术等制剂新技术在兽药领域的应用。     

兽药新剂型与新技术的应用与发展

系统阐述了兽药新剂型中的缓控释制剂、经皮制剂、脂质体制剂、微囊制剂、纳米混悬剂、亚微乳制剂,以及固体分散、包合、乳化等新技术在兽药领域的应用。     

绿色食品肉猪屠宰及冷却分割加工工艺

本介绍了先进的绿色食品肉猪屠宰工艺，在工艺制定中借鉴了欧共体标准和欧美先进工艺技术，在该屠宰工艺中采用了水平与垂直放血相结合的放血技术；蒸汽烫毛、二次分段冷却技术；烫毛或剥皮前的清洗、拍干技术；质量控制上采用了HACCP质量关键点控制体系，以确保绿色食品猪肉在屠宰过程中的质量标准和卫生要求。     

Modified intramedullary pin technique for repair of distal femoral physeal fractures in the dog and cat

A modified intramedullary pin technique for surgical repair of distal femoral physeal fractures in dogs and cats provided stability at the fracture site and allowed early range of motion. The fixation and stability of this technique was compared with that achieved with a multiple pin technique. Fixation failure did not occur in 11 animals treated by the modified intramedullary pin technique, whereas there were 2 failures in 13 patients treated by a multiple pin technique.     

荧光RT-PCR技术与古典病原分离技术检测AIV比较试验

应用荧光RT-PCR技术和古典病原分离技术对304份样品进行AIV对比检测试验，结果应用RT-PCR技术可在4小时内从304份样品中检出AIV阳性26份，而病原分离技术检出了AIV阳性22份，需要时间为至少15天．两者阳性样品重复率为100％，因此，与古典病原分离技术比较，荧光RT-PCR技术具有高度特异、敏感的特性，而且可以大大地缩短对AIV的检测时间。     

冻干技术在兽药生产中的应用

阐述了冻干技术的基本原理、工艺流程和冻干制剂特点,分析了影响冻干工艺的关键因素,介绍了冻干技术在兽药制剂生产中的应用,以期为兽药冻干制剂的研究提供参考。     

免疫胶体金技术的应用及研究进展

免疫胶体金标记技术与免疫荧光、免疫酶、免疫铁蛋白等标记技术相比具有独特的优越性和更广泛的用途.本文综述了免疫胶体金技术的原理、特点、应用及研究进展.     

饲料有效磷的评定及预测模型的研究进展

文中主要介绍了有效磷研究方法的进展以及有效磷的预测模型。同位素稀释技术、体外溶解度法、差量法、一元梯度回归法都可用于有效磷的评定,二元梯度回归法是最新的也是最先进的方法。有效磷可以用饲料中总磷、植酸磷含量和植酸酶活性建立回归方程来预测,对饲料分类建立预测模型可以提高预测的准确性。     

不同方法测定反刍动物饲料NDF、ADF和木质素含量的比较

采用传统抽滤、ANKOM滤袋和CAU滤袋技术测定16种反刍动物饲料的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和木质素(PL,高锰酸钾法)含量。结果表明:3种方法测定的大部分饲料的NDF、ADF和PL含量间没有差异(P>0.05),但在测定谷物性饲料NDF含量时,ANKOM滤袋技术测定值明显低于其他2种方法(P<0.05);在测定动物性蛋白质饲料时,CAU滤袋测定的NDF值明显高于其他2种方法(P<0.05)。3种方法测定的NDF、ADF和木质素含量均具有显著的线性相关关系(R2=0.990～0.996),其中2个滤袋技术测定值之间的相关程度最高(R2=0.992～0.996);2个滤袋技术测定值的变异系数(CV=2.20%～3.96%)均小于传统抽滤(CV=3.21%～4.91%)。     

PCR-SSCP研究在羊经济性状中的应用

PCR-SSCP是单核苷酸多态性分析的一项重要技术。本文简要介绍了PCR-SSCP的原理、方法、研究进展及其近年来在绵、山羊经济性状研究中的应用。     

PCR-SSCP研究进展及其在羊经济性状研究中的应用

PCR-SSCP是单核苷酸多态性分析的一项重要技术。本文简要介绍了PCR-SSCP的原理、方法、研究进展及其近年来在绵山羊经济性状研究中的应用。     

利用基因工程改造瘤胃微生物调控瘤胃发酵研究进展

DNA分子的人工合成是基因工程技术的基础,改变反刍动物瘤胃微生物DNA的结构,能够使得动物表达出不同的蛋白质,反刍动物的生长模式也因此而发生不可预知的改变。正在应用的或处于研究阶段的构建瘤胃基因工程菌的方式主要有基因缺失技术、基因复制性重组技术和启动子的应用技术。其中基因缺失技术还包括转座子插入法和自杀性质粒的构建。目前影响基因工程技术成功率的最主要障碍就在于这种技术的低效率和不可预知性,一旦清除了这个障碍,基因工程技术将会在瘤胃微生物的改造上有更加广阔的发展空间。     

Identification of crude and purified bacterial proteinases by agar gel diffusion and agar gel electrophoretic procedures

The double diffusion technique, immunoelectrophoresis, the zymogram technique for proteinases and the casein precipitation inhibition test (GPI-test) were employed for identification of specific bacterial proteinases produced by Aeromonas liquefaciens, Aeromonas salmonicida and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The precipitation lines observed with both homologous and heterologous proteinase-antiproteinase systems in the double diffusion technique and in immunoelectrophoresis, supported in certain respects previous findings regarding the Aeromonas proteinases, but the reactions were not sufficiently specific to give a confirmation of the real relationships between the proteinases. It is concluded that the double diffusion technique and Immunoelectrophoresis are less specific than the GPI-test for the identification of both crude, and purified, proteinase-antiproteinase systems. The zymograms, in combination with the immunoelectrophoretic patterns, could under certain conditions give useful information about the identity of lines representing the proteinase-antiproteinase precipitates in the double diffusion systems. The number of precipitation lines caused by the crude proteinase solutions in Immunoelectrophoresis decreased during storage of the crude antigens, and the solutions could finally behave like the solution of purified antigen.It was shown that the GPI-test was at least 66 to 225 times more sensitive with respect to antigens, and two to three times more sensitive with respect to antisera than the double diffusion technique, for the three systems examined. This is of methodological importance, as high functional activity may be present in a proteinase solution although the structural conditions are unsuitable or the amount of enzyme protein is too small to allow the development of any precipitation lines in the double diffusion technique.     

近红外线光谱分析与传统方法检测面粉中粗蛋白和粗灰分的比较

近红外光谱分析技术是近年来发展起来一种新的分析技术,能简单、快速、准确地测定有机物中的化学成分。将其与传统分析方法测定面粉中粗蛋白和粗灰分进行比较,统计结果表明,二者相关系数r分别为0.986和0.991,相对误差均小于5%,说明可以用近红外光谱分析技术进行面粉粗蛋白和粗灰分的测定。     

Comparison of two heated gutta percha and sealer obturation techniques in canine teeth of dogs

The overall endodontic fill and apical seal achieved using two different obturation methods were compared. Twenty-six adult dog canine teeth were instrumented and obturated using either a warm vertical or heated lateral technique. Zinc oxide-eugenol sealer was applied by paper point in the warm vertical technique and by syringe injection in the heated lateral technique. The cadaver jaws were warmed to 35-37 degrees C (95-98.6 degrees F) during obturation using a circulating warm water bath. Obturation times were recorded and ventrodorsal, lateral, and oblique dental radiographs were taken of all teeth for comparison. Twenty-two of the canine teeth were extracted and an apical dye study was performed using a clearing technique. Apical dye leakage was linearly measured to evaluate the furthest ink penetration into the root canal. Although radiographically the heated lateral method appeared to have a better endodontic fill, there was significantly greater apical dye leakage in teeth obturated with that combination of sealer and gutta percha. There was also extrusion of sealer and root fracture associated with the heated lateral technique. The method of sealer application was different for each technique; this variable should be taken into consideration when interpreting our results, which suggest that the warm vertical compaction technique may provide a better apical seal in canine teeth of dogs in a shorter period of time, with fewer obturation complications when compared to the heated lateral technique.     

伊克昭盟牧草和饲料作物应用增产菌技术的试验

199年伊克昭盟引入了牧草和饲料作物增产菌这一技术,经过7年的试验,示范及推广,至今全盟该增产菌应用面积已达4．04万hm^2,本文通过7年来在两种不同生境下,对12种牧草及作物的不同物修期采用不同方法施用增产菌,以鲜草产量和种子产量为衡量标准来探讨增产菌对不同牧草及作物的增产效果,实验结果表明：增产菌技术的应用,促进了植物的生长,使植株长高,叶面积增大,加强了光合作用,在提高鲜草产量的同时也增加了籽实的产量,具有较强的推广价值,是一项在农牧区适用的增产技术。     

Comparison of hand-instrumented, heated gutta-percha and engine-driven, cold gutta-percha endodontic techniques

An in vitro study compared two gutta-percha obturation techniques of the mandibular first molar in dogs. The mandibular first molars were instrumented and obturated using either K-files and the SuccessFil vertical compaction technique or rotary instruments and the Simplifill/guttapercha master cone technique. Instrumentation and obturation times were recorded for each tooth. Radiographs were used for evaluation of overall appearance of the final fill. A modified apical dye leakage technique was used to evaluate the ability of each method to provide an adequate barrier to apical leakage. The endodontic technique utilizing rotary instruments and Simplifill/gutta-percha master cone required less time and provided a better radiographic appearance to the endodontic fill. In addition, there was no apical dye leakage associated with this technique compared with a 44% leakage incidence in teeth treated with K-file instrumentation and SuccessFil.     

奶牛性控繁育技术在推广中存在的问题及应对措施

奶牛性控繁育技术是一项新的繁育技术。本文概括了奶牛性控繁育技术在推广中取得的成就、存在的问题,并提出了应对措施,为将来奶牛性控繁育技术更有效、更广泛的推广提供参考。     

Transsplenic Portal Catheterization Surgical Technique and Use in Two Dogs With Portosystemic Shunts

The portal vasculature can be accessed by using a through-the-needle catheter system to pass a catheter through the splenic parenchyma and into a major splenic vein at the hilus. The authors have termed this technique transsplenic portal catheterization (TPC). Transsplenic portal catheterization is indicated for portal angiography, portal pressure measurement, and chronic portal blood sampling. Clinical applications of this technique include use in diagnosis and surgical management of portosystemic shunts and differentiation of prehepatic, hepatic, and posthepatic hypertension. This report describes the technique of transsplenic portal catheterization. Clinical use of this technique in two cases of portosystemic shunts are included.     

离体组织细胞染色体加倍技术在牧草育种中的应用进展

通过对牧草离体组织细胞染色体加倍育种中的诱导剂的介绍,进一步概述了诱变剂的浓度和处理时间、染色体加倍时的选材等因素对染色体加倍的影响及倍性鉴定技术,初步探讨了牧草离体组织细胞染色体加倍技术的研究概况,并展望了离体组织染色体加倍技术在牧草育种中的应用和发展前景。