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1.
C. Tara Satyavathi K. V. Bhat C. Bharadwaj S. P. Tiwari V. K. Chaudhury 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(5):1069-1079
AFLP technique was used to assess genetic diversity in 72 soybean varieties under cultivation in India. Selected 12 AFLP primer
pairs produced 1319 products of which 1257 were polymorphic (95%). Wide variations were observed for the number of amplification
products, percent polymorphism and average polymorphism information content (PIC). The Jaccard's similarity indices (J) based on the AFLP profiles of the 72 soybean varieties were subjected to UPGMA cluster analysis. The dendrogram generated
revealed four major clusters, which were strongly supported by the high bootstrap values obtained from analyses of 1000 bootstrap
samples. In addition, the Mantel's test for cophenetic correlation with r = 0.955 indicated very good fit of the varieties to a group in the cluster analysis. Some correspondence between the clustering
pattern and the pedigree, place of release or target area of the variety was observed. Overall moderately high genetic diversity
was observed which appears to be due to the higher genetic diversity prevalent in 12 of the varieties included in three diverse
clusters and was indicative of the need to include more diverse germplasm in the soybean improvement programs. 相似文献
2.
The wild soybean, an annual self-pollinating plant, is the progenitor of soybeans and is extensively distributed in the Far
East of Russia, the Korea peninsula, China and Japan. Geographically, Japan is surrounded by sea and insulated from China.
We preliminarily evaluate whether the Japanese and Chinese wild soybean germplasm pools are genetically differentiated from
each other using SSR markers. The results showed that the two pools have great genetic differentiation. Some loci presented
obvious differences in mean genetic divergence (GST) value between the two pools. The GST among the geographic regions in China was higher than that in Japan. The average within-geographic region gene diversity
values (HS) in the two pools were completely identical and thus the genetic difference between the two pools was mostly attributed to
the relatively high level of between-geographic region gene diversity (DST) in China. We suggest that Japanese and Chinese wild soybeans should be comparatively independently evolving in phylogeny. 相似文献
3.
Maria de Fátima Loureiro Glaciela Kaschuk Odair Alberton Mariangela Hungria 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,43(6):665-674
In this study, soybean nodules were collected from 12 sites in the State of Mato Grosso, in the Brazilian Cerrados, where
both exotic soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] and bradyrhizobial strains have been introduced from 1 to 18 years before. All soils were originally devoid
of rhizobia capable of effectively nodulating soybean and varied in terms of chemical and physical properties, inoculation
procedures, and cropping systems. Rhizobial genetic diversity was assessed on 240 isolates by rep-PCR fingerprinting with BOX primer, and indices of diversity (abundance-based coverage estimator and traditional and modified
Shannon indices) were applied to the profiles obtained. The genetic diversity was much greater than expected, as after the
introduction of a maximum of four strains, up to 13 profiles were identified, some sharing many similar bands with the inoculant
strains, but others quite distinct from the putative parental genotypes. The increase in the number of rep-PCR profiles could be attributed to genetic variability due to the stressful tropical environmental conditions, but also
might indicate that indigenous rhizobia become capable of nodulating the host legume. After the third year of cropping with
the host legume, inoculation did not affect rhizobial diversity. A high content of clay decreased diversity in comparison
with that seen in a sandy soil, probably due to reduced aeration. Diversity was higher under the no-tillage system when compared
to the conventional tillage management, highlighting the importance of maintaining crop residues in tropical soils. Understanding
the ecology of exotic rhizobia after being introduced into new cropping areas represents a first step towards the establishment
of better strategies of inoculation, which in turn may result in sustainability and higher plant yields. 相似文献
4.
Cecilia Y. Kato Chifumi Nagai Paul H. Moore Francis Zee Minna S. Kim Denise L. Steiger Ray Ming 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2005,51(8):815-825
Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) cultivars, often derived from somatic mutations, are propagated vegetatively. It has been suggested by isozyme data that there is little genetic variation among Smooth Cayenne cultivars. A thorough investigation of the genetic variation within the cultivated speciesAnanas comosus, particularly among commercial cultivars, will provide critical information needed for crop improvement and cultivar protection. One-hundred and forty-eight accessions ofA. comosus and 14 accessions of related species were evaluated with AFLP markers. The average genetic similarity ofA. comosus was 0.735 ranging from 0.549 to 0.972, suggesting a high degree of genetic variation within this species. With AFLP markers, discrete DNA fingerprints were detected for each commercial cultivar, breeding line, and intra-specific hybrid. Self-incompatibility, high levels of somatic mutation, and intraspecific hybridization may account for this high degree of variation. However, major cultivar groups of pineapple, such as Cayenne, Spanish, and Queen, could not be distinctively separated. These cultivar groups are based on morphological similarity, and the similar appearance can be caused by a few mutations that occurred on different genetic background. Our results suggest that there is abundant genetic variation within existing pineapple germplasm for selection, and discrete DNA fingerprinting patterns for commercial cultivars can be detected for cultivar protection. The genetic diversity and relationships of fourAnanas species are also discussed. 相似文献
5.
Bettina Heider Elke Fischer Tanja Berndl Rainer Schultze-Kraft 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(3):529-542
Pueraria montana var. lobata and P. phaseoloides originating from tropical Asia and parts of Oceania are ecologically and economically important legumes that are used as
green manure, cover crop or forage plants. Conservation and use of plant genetic resources require an understanding of the
extent and distribution of genetic diversity in any given region. In this study, genetic variation of five P. montana var. lobata and 16 P. phaseoloides accessions was analysed developing a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker methodology for Pueraria species and thereby creating basic data for follow-up research and the development of conservation strategies. Seeds were
collected from native populations in Bac Kan Province, a mountainous region in Northeast Vietnam. P. montana var. lobata presented a high level of variation with 54.3% of the detected markers being polymorphic, whereas P. phaseoloides exhibited an intermediate to high level of variation (45.5%). The P. montana var. lobata accessions clustered in congruence with their eco-geographical origin. For P. phaseoloides no correspondence between sampling sites and genetic differentiation was found. Inter-population differentiation was measured
as Jaccard's similarity coefficient (JSC). Mean JSC amounted to 0.35 in P. montana var. lobata and 0.52 in P. phaseoloides. Results are compared to other genetic studies of herbaceous legumes and conservation strategies are suggested. 相似文献
6.
N. P. S. Dhillon R. Ranjana Kuldeep Singh I. Eduardo A. J. Monforte M. Pitrat N. K. Dhillon P. P. Singh 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(6):1267-1283
Diversity among 36 snapmelon landraces, collected from 2 agro-ecological regions of India (9 agro-climatic sub-regions), was
assayed using RAPD primers, morphological traits of plant habit and fruit, 2 yield-associated traits, pest and disease resistance
and biochemical composition (TSS, ascorbic acid, titrable acidity). Typical differences among accessions were observed in
plant and fruit characteristics and snapmelon germplasm with high titrable acidity and possessing resistance to downy mildew,
Cucumber mosaic virus, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, Papaya ringspot virus, Aphis gossypii and Meloidogyne incognita was noticed in the collection. RAPD based grouping analysis revealed that Indian snapmelon was rich in genetic variation
and region and sub-region approach should be followed across India for acquisition of additional melon landraces. Accessions
of var. agrestis and var. momordica clustered together and there was a separate cluster of the accessions of var. reticulatus. Comparative analysis of the genetic variability among Indian snapmelons and an array of previously characterized reference
accessions of melon from Spain, Israel, Korea, Japan, Maldives, Iraq, Pakistan and India using SSRs showed that Indian snapmelon
germplasm contained a high degree of unique genetic variability which was needed to be preserved to broaden the genetic base
of melon germplasm available with the scientific community.
N. P. S. Dhillon and Ranjana contributed equally to this work and are considered the first authors. 相似文献
7.
8.
Hironori Katayama Shiho Adachi Toshiya Yamamoto Chiyomi Uematsu 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(7):1573-1585
Iwateyamanashi (Pyrus ussuriensis var. aromatica) is one of the Pyrus species which grows wild in Japan. The number of Iwateyamanashi trees has been decreasing, so conservation and evaluation
is urgently needed. Over 500 accessions of Pyrus species collected from Iwate in northern Tohoku region are maintained at Kobe University as an Iwateyamanashi germplasm collection.
In order to investigate the genetic diversity, five SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers, developed from Japanese and European
pear were examined for 86 Pyrus individuals including 58 accessions from Iwate. These SSR loci could discriminate between all the Iwate accessions except
for 10 that bear seedless fruit, as well as determine the genetic diversity in Iwateyamanashi germplasms. High levels of variation
were detected in 41 alleles and the mean observed heterozygosity across 5 loci was 0.50 for the Iwate accessions. Seedless
accessions sharing identical SSR genotype with the local pear variety “Iwatetanenashi” were supposed to have been propagated
vegetatively via grafting. In an UPGMA phenogram, Japanese pear varieties (P. pyrifolia) were clustered into two groups with some Iwate accessions including seedless ones. Another 38 Iwate accessions were not
clustered clearly, and there was no clear relationship between these accessions and geographical distribution or morphological
characters. Allele frequency revealed that the Iwate accessions were genetically more divergent than the Japanese pear varieties.
Most Japanese pears possessed a 219 bp deletion at a spacer region between the accD and psaI genes in the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), but other Pyrus species and two Iwateyamanashi trees did not. In the Iwate accessions, 79.3% had a deletion type cpDNA and others had a standard
type cpDNA without deletion. These results are indicative of the wide range of genetic diversity in the Iwate accessions which
include Japanese pear varieties. A combination of SSR and cpDNA analyses revealed high heterogeneity in Iwateyamanashi and
coexistence of Iwateyamanashi and hybrid progeny with P. pyrifolia. These could be reasons for the wide range of continuous morphological variation described previously. 相似文献
9.
Sevda Babayeva Zeynal Akparov Mehraj Abbasov Alamdar Mammadov Mohammad Zaifizadeh Kenneth Street 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(3):293-298
Diversity analysis was performed among 39 cultivated lentil (Lens
culinaris Medik.) accessions of Central Asia and Caucasian origin using five highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. A total of
33 alleles determined ranging from 3 to 8 per locus. Estimated gene diversity value for 33 loci was 0.66. Genetic similarity
indices among 39 accessions ranged from 0.24 to 1.0. Cluster analysis using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic
mean method classified accessions into six major groups at 0.5 similarity coefficient. More than half accessions from Tajikistan
formed large cluster. On the other hand, a few accessions from each country showed unique genotypes. Overall, most of the
accessions, except ones with closely related origin, were distinguished by the present high quality DNA fingerprinting. This
molecular diversity information gives important basis for conservation strategy in gene bank and exotic germplasm introduction
in breeding programs in Central Asia and Caucasian countries. 相似文献
10.
Twenty nine germplasm lines of Chenopodium quinoa and two of Chenopodium berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae were evaluated for 12 morphological and 7 quality traits for two test seasons. The 19 traits were analyzed for cluster and
principal component analysis. The first four PCs contributed 78.70 % of the variability among the germplasm lines. The first
PC accounted for 39.5% of the variation and had inflorescence/plant, plant height and stem diameter as the traits with largest
coefficients, all with positive sign. The characters with greatest positive weight on PC2 were days to maturity (0.309), inflorescence length (0.260) and branches/plant. All the germplasm lines were grouped into
six clusters based on average linkage method. Cluster III had high values for seed yield and most of the quality traits but
showed a small seed size. The dendrogram separated the two lines of C. berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae from the quinoa lines. 相似文献
11.
Wang Yuesheng Qin Jianbing Gai Junyi He Guangyuang 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(4):803-809
To link Chinese soybean classification with the world soybean maturity group system suggested by American researchers, 264
soybean landraces from China and 48 varieties of 13 soybean maturity groups from the United States (US) were tested under
the natural and extended day-length at Nanjing, China. Based on comparing Chinese with the US soybeans in days to maturity,
Chinese soybean landraces were classified into maturity group (MG) 000, 00, 0, I, II,..., IX, which only MG X might not exist
in China. Chinese soybean landraces in each of MG 0, I, II and III revealed large variation in days to flowering and were
almost grown in all eco-regions in China. These four maturity groups were further divided into eight sub-groups according
to the variation in days to flowering and geographical distribution of soybeans of the same maturity group. The geographic
distribution of soybean maturity groups in China was also presented in this paper. This study should be significant for soybean
researchers in the world to understand the whole feature of Chinese soybean landraces germplasm. 相似文献
12.
Mohammad Reza Naghavi Mohsen Mardi Seyed Mostafa Pirseyedi Mehrbanu Kazemi Payam Potki Mohammad Reza Ghaffari 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(2):237-240
Genetic diversity of 54 accessions of Aegilops tauschii from five countries was assessed using sequence-tagged microsatellites (or simple sequence repeats, SSRs) and amplified fragment
length polymorphisms (AFLPs). In the case of AFLP analysis, a total of 256 amplification products obtained, 234 of them were
polymorphic across all the 54 accessions. A total of 224 fragments were obtained from the 24 SSR primers and 219 of fragments
were polymorphic across all the genotypes screened. Based on both AFLP and SSR markers, the highest percentage of polymorphisms
were obtained in Iranian and accessions of unknown origin. The highest polymorphic information content (PIC) value was observed
for SSRs (0.82) while the highest marker index (MI) value was for AFLPs (8.5) reflecting the hyper-variability of the first
and the distinctive nature of the second system. Principal co-ordinate analysis (PCO) revealed congruent patterns of genetic
relationships for both data sets, but did not group accessions strictly according to their geographical origins. Poor correlation
was found between AFLP and SSR marker loci. This low association may be due to low number of AFLP and SSR markers. These results
show that molecular markers can help to organize the genetic variability and expose useful diversity for breeding purposes. 相似文献
13.
Marc Moragues Marian Moralejo Mark E. Sorrells Conxita Royo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(5):1133-1144
A comprehensive characterization of crop germplasm is critical to the optimal improvement of the quality and productivity
of crops. Genetic relationships and variability were evaluated among 63 durum wheat landraces from the Mediterranean basin
using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and microsatellites markers. The genetic diversity indices found were
comparable to those of other crop species, with average polymorphism information content (PIC) values of 0.24 and 0.70 for
AFLP and microsatellites, respectively. The mean number of alleles observed for the microsatellites loci was 9.15. Non-metric
multi-dimensional scaling clustered the accessions according to their geographical origin with the landraces from the South
shore of the Mediterranean Sea closely related. The results support two dispersal patterns of durum wheat in the Mediterranean
basin, one through its north side and a second one through its south side. 相似文献
14.
Genetic diversity of seven Rhus L. species was assessed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) markers. Initially, 90 primers were screened, of which 25 produced reproducible amplification products. These primers generated a total of 296 bands, with an average of 11.8 bands per primer. Out of 296 bands scored, 236 (80%) were polymorphic and 62 (20%) were monomorphic. Primers OPC-05 and OPD-05 generated 100% polymorphic bands. The resolving power of primers ranged from 9.4 to 26.8. Similarity matrix values ranged from 0.45 to 0.63. The dendrogram generated using Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) grouped all the species of Rhus in one major group with two sister groups, whilst R. pyroides Burch. and R. dentata Thunb. were outliers. R. gerrardii (Harv. ex Engl.) Diels, R. glauca Thunb. and R. pentheri Zahlbr. constituted one sister group, while R. natalensis Bernh. ex C. Krauss and R. gueinzii Sond. were included in the other. The degree of genetic diversity observed between seven species of Rhus with RAPD markers suggest that this approach could be used for studying the phylogeny of the genus. 相似文献
15.
B. Kalyana Babu N. Senthil S. Michael Gomez K. R. Biji N. S. Rajendraprasad S. Satheesh Kumar R. Chandra Babu 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(2):399-404
Finger millet (Eleusine coracana), an allotetraploid cereal, is widely cultivated in the arid and semiarid regions of the world. Being rich in protein and
calcium, finger millet serves as an important staple food for rural populations in developing tropical countries where calcium
deficiency and anemia are wide spread. Thirty-two finger millet genotypes were fingerprinted using 50 random amplified polymorphic
DNA (RAPD) markers. Out of the total 529 loci generated using the 50 RAPD primers, 479 loci (91%) were polymorphic and informative
to differentiate the accessions. Cluster analysis grouped the 32 finger millet accessions into two major clusters. Among the
32 finger millet genotypes, GEC 182 and CO 12 were distantly related with a low similarity index of 0.315. These two accessions
also differed considerably in days to flowering and grain weight; GEC 182 is early flowering and has bold grains, while CO
12 is late flowering and has smaller grains. These two accessions with higher diversity at molecular level, phenology and
grain weight will be ideal as parents in hybridization programme, to develop improved finger millet varieties suitable for
peninsular region of India. 相似文献
16.
Target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) markers were used to assess genetic variability among 38 germplasm accessions
and 10 commercial hybrids of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), an economically important leafy vegetable crop in many countries. Germplasm accessions with different geographic origins
and 10 commercial hybrids were examined. For assessing genetic diversity within accessions, DNA was extracted from 12 individual
seedlings from six germplasm accessions and two hybrids. A relatively high level of polymorphism was found within accessions
based on 59 polymorphic TRAP markers generated from one fixed primer derived from the Arabidopsis-like telomere repeat sequence and two arbitrary primers. For evaluating interaccession variability, DNA was extracted from
a bulk of six to 13 seedlings of each accession. Of the 492 fragments amplified by 12 primer combinations, 96 (19.5%) were
polymorphic and discriminated the 48 accessions from each other. The average pair-wise genetic similarity coefficient (Dice)
was 57.5% with a range from 23.2 to 85.3%. A dendrogram indicated that the genetic relationships among the accessions were
not highly associated with the geographic locations in which the germplasms were collected. The seven commercial hybrids were
grouped in three separate clusters, suggesting that the phenotype-based breeding activities tended to reduce the genetic variability.
This preliminary study demonstrated that TRAP markers are effective for fingerprinting and evaluating genetic variability
among spinach germplasms.
Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information
and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture.
The U.S. Government's right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright is acknowledged. 相似文献
17.
Lu Bao Kunsong Chen Dong Zhang Yufen Cao Toshiya Yamamoto Yuanwen Teng 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(5):959-971
Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to assess genetic diversity and relationship of Pyrus L. cultivars native mainly to East Asia. A total of 168 putative alleles were generated from six primer-pairs (BGA35, KU10,
BGT23b, NH004a, NH011b and NH015a). All the SSR markers showed a high level of genetic polymorphism with a mean of 28 putative
alleles per locus and the heterozygosity of 0.63. The Dice’s similarity coefficient between cultivars ranged from 0.02 to
0.98 and Occidental pears generally had low affinities to Asian pears. Ten major groups were generated from all the accessions
by UPGMA clusters analysis. Chinese sand pears consisted of four groups with Chinese white pears and Japanese pears, of which
Chinese sand pears occurred in all four groups, presenting a large genetic diversity, Chinese white pears were included in
three groups, and Japanese pears only fell into one group. In the dendrogram, Chinese sand pears and Chinese white pears did
not form discrete group, even subgroups. Some Japanese pear cultivars had high affinities to Chinese sand pear cultivars.
These findings supports the authors’ previous viewpoints of Chinese white pears as a variety or an ecotype of Chinese sand
pears (P. pyrifolia var. sinensis (Lindley) Y. Teng et K. Tanabe) and the progenitor of Japanese pears coming from China. Cultivars of P. ussuriensis Maxim. were clustered together with one clone of P. hondoensis Nakai et Kikuchi, a relative species of P. ussuriensis. Cultivars of P. communis L. and other Occidental species formed three independent groups and were distant from most Asian pears, except for P. betulaefolia Bge. 相似文献
18.
The genus Nicotiana is a member of the nightshade (Solanaceae) family, and is comprised of 70 currently recognized, naturally occurring species.
Genetic variability within N. tabacum L., the species of primary economic importance, was likely affected by several genetic bottlenecks. Nicotiana tabacum is a classic amphidiploid that arose after chance interspecific hybridization between N. sylvestris Spegazinni et Comes and a member of section Tomentosae, likely N. tomentosiformis Goodspeed, N. otophora Grisebach, or an introgressive hybrid between the two. Only a fraction of the genetic variability that existed in the diploid
progenitor gene pools probably entered into N. tabacum. Genetic drift, coupled with natural and human selection, subsequently resulted in the formation of narrow genetic pools
corresponding to modern commercial market classes. Genetic variability in Nicotiana has gained increased attention in recent years because of investment in Nicotiana genomics research, interest in development of tobacco products with reduced harm characteristics, and concentration on using
Nicotiana species for plant-based production of commercially useful proteins. A storehouse of genetic diversity for N. tabacum is available in approximately 1,900 accessions maintained by the United States Nicotiana Germplasm Collection. Seeds of 224 accessions representing 59 wild Nicotiana species are also maintained. The collection is currently maintained by North Carolina State University and is part of the
United States National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). The collection’s curator satisfies hundreds of seed requests made annually
by scientists using Nicotiana germplasm for basic biological investigations and by researchers in the area of applied tobacco science. 相似文献
19.
T. A. Pshenichnikova I. F. Lapochkina L. V. Shchukina 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(2):287-293
The genetic control of morphological characters and gliadin composition was studied in two bread wheat lines with introgressed
segments from Aegilops speltoides Tausch. It was found that the transferred trait of leaf hairiness is controlled by one dominant gene, non-allelic to the
known gene, Hl1. It was localized in 7B chromosome. Whole plant non-glaucousness is under the control of an inhibitor gene, allelic to the
gene W1I of wheat located on chromosome 2B. This gene was found to be epistatic to the gene controlling spike waxlessness. The introgressed
gene for spike glume color was found to be allelic to the Rg1 gene located on 1BS of common wheat, but it was linked with another allele of the gliadin locus Gli-B1. 相似文献
20.
Cherimoya (Anonna cherimola Mill.) is a fruit tree which originated in Peru and Ecuador and is now cultivated in several subtropical areas of the world. The characterization of cherimoya cultivars at allozyme level has been previously reported, but the geographic distribution and organization of this variation have not been fully characterized. In this study, we assessed the relationships among 206 cherimoya and four atemoya (A. cherimola ×A. squamosa) cultivars based on allozyme polymorphism. We have confirmed the genetic differences between atemoya and cherimoya cultivars, and showed that cherimoya accessions from Madeira, Bolivia and Spain form homogeneous groups of cultivars. Accessions from Chile and California form heterogeneous groups, probably due to their mixed origins. Cultivars from Peru and Ecuador showed a wide range of allelic variation, as is expected for accessions from the center of origin of this species. 相似文献