机械旱直播稻田稗草控制技术

水稻的机械旱直播,是农业轻型栽培技术之一,具有省工、省本、增产、增效等优点。大型农场劳动力不足,开展机械旱直播是发展水稻生产的有效措施。我场旱直播生产水稻的主要障碍是杂草种类多、数量大、危害重。为了控制杂草特别是稗草的危害,１９８７年以来近１５ａ,我们不断引进新农药,以探索控制机械旱直播稻田稗草的配套技术,在此基础上,今年又开展了不同农药及剂量防除机械旱直播稻田稗草试验,现将试验结果报道如下。１ 材料与方法１．１ 供试药剂６０％丁草胺乳油（昆山化工厂产）、１２％恶草灵乳油（法国罗纳普朗克公司产）、…     

30%苄丙草胺防除直播稻田杂草效果

30 %苄丙草胺WP是苄嘧磺隆和丙草胺的复配剂。苄嘧磺隆和丙草胺对水稻一年生及多年生杂草都有较高的防效 ,且安全性较好 ,但对单、双子叶杂草的防除效果各有侧重。为了探讨苄丙草胺对直播稻田杂草的防除效果及对直播水稻的安全性 ,我们进行了直播稻田小区药效试验。1　材料与方法1 1　供试药剂30 %苄丙草胺WP由江苏昆山鼎烽农药有限公司提供。对照药剂 :17 5 %幼禾葆WP由浙江乐吉化工有限公司生产 ;30 %丙草胺EC由瑞士先正达作物保护有限公司生产。1 2　试验处理试验设 7个处理 :(1) 30 %苄丙草胺WP 80g/ 6 6 7m2 ;(2 ) 30 %苄丙草胺WP…     

五氟磺草胺防除水直播稻田杂草的效果

五氟磺草胺(DE-638)是美国陶氏益农公司研制生产的新型除草剂。为了明确其对水直播稻田杂草的防除效果及对水稻的安全性,特进行本试验。1材料与方法1.1供试药剂供试药剂有2.5%五氟磺草胺油悬剂(美国陶氏益农公司生产)、50%杀稗王可湿性粉剂(江苏省激素研究所生产)、10%苄磺隆可湿性粉剂(江苏快达农化股份有限公司生产)。1.2试验设计试验设药土法和喷雾法两种用药方法。药土法设2.5%五氟磺草胺油悬剂40 m l/667m2、60m l/667m2、80 m l/667m2、100 m l/667m2,2.5%五氟磺草胺油悬剂60 m l/667m2 10%苄磺隆20g/667m2,50%杀稗王30 g/667m2 10%…     

稻田稗属杂草田间种群对五氟磺草胺的抗性监测

五氟磺草胺是一种乙酰乳酸合成酶抑制剂类除草剂.为探明稻田稗草对五氟磺草胺的抗性现状,采用整株生物测定法测定了采自中国7省70地稻区的稗草田间种群对五氟磺草胺的抗性.结果表明:所监测的稗草种群对五氟磺草胺均产生了不同程度的抗性,其中高水平抗性种群达50.0％,中水平抗性种群达47.1％,低水平抗性种群为2.9％,无敏感种...     

克林秋防除水直播稻田稗草及千金子效果初报

本场用美国陶氏益农公司提供的克林秋（Clincher）对稗草、千金子进行了防除试验,结果表明克林秋在适当的剂量下对稗草,特别是千金子的效果非常好。克林秋通用名为Cyhalofopbutyl,代号为XDE537．DEH112,化学名称为2－4－（氰－2－2－氟苯氧基）苯氧基］丙酸丁脂。其作用机理是抑制乙酸辅酸A羧化酸的活性杀死杂草。据资料介绍,它对稗草、千金子、马唐、狗牙根、狗尾草、假高粱等多种禾本科杂草有效。1材料与方法1．豆供试药剂10％克林秋乳油（美国陶氏益农公司提供）、50％二氯险耐酸可湿性粉剂（昆山化工厂产品）。1．2试验设计小…     

五氟磺草胺·氰氟草酯OF对水直播稻田杂草的防除效果

6%五氟磺草胺·氰氟草酯OF是陶氏益农公司开发的直播田新型除草剂.田间试验结果表明,五氟磺草胺·氰氟草酯OF对水稻田中禾本科杂草、阔叶草及莎草科杂草的防效良好.在60.0～180.0 g(ai)/hm2量范围内对水稻安全,不影响水稻的生长和发育.其适宜的施用剂量为90.0～120.0 g(ai)/hm2,施药适期为水稻3～5叶期,稗革3～4叶期,千金子2～3叶期.     

五氟磺草胺防除水直播稻田杂草效果

2.5%五氟磺草胺油悬浮剂(稻杰)是美国陶氏益农公司生产的新型稻田除草剂,为了验证其对直播稻田杂草的防除效果,2004年我们进行了田间试验,现将试验结果报告如下。1材料与方法1.1供试药剂2.5%五氟磺草胺油悬浮剂(稻杰,美国陶氏益农公司生产);36%苄·二氯(秧草净可湿性粉剂,江苏常隆化工有限公司生产)。1.2试验设计试验共设5个处理:2.5%五氟磺草胺油悬浮剂40ml/667m2、60ml/667m2、80ml/667m2,36%秧草净40g/667m2,以不用药为对照。1.3试验概况试验田设在武进区礼嘉镇新路村施文明的承包田中,前茬为小麦。水稻品种为银玉2084,于6月6日上午人工…     

农用有机硅对五氟磺草胺防治稗草的增效作用

为明确有机硅对五氟磺草胺防治稗草的增效作用和增效机理,本研究采用室内与田间试验测定有机硅助剂对五氟磺草胺的增效作用,并采用滴重法和HPLC方法分别探索有机硅对五氟磺草胺药液表面张力和吸收的影响.室内生测表明,有机硅对五氟磺草胺防治稗草具有显著的增效作用.当五氟磺草胺用量为7.5 g/hm2,有机硅添加浓度为0.04％时...     

银胶菊花对苘麻和稗的化感作用

通过室内培养皿法,研究了银胶菊花水浸提液及其乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相、剩余水相不同极性组分对苘麻和稗种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。定性测定结果表明,在50 g/L浓度处理下,水浸提液完全抑制苘麻和稗种子萌发,对苘麻和稗根长、芽长、鲜重抑制率分别为82.6%、89.1%、84.3%和91.7%、55.8%、39.1%;正丁醇相抑制苘麻种子萌发和幼苗生长最强,乙酸乙酯相抑制稗种子萌发和幼苗生长最强。定量测定结果表明,在1 g/L浓度处理下,乙酸乙酯相生物活性最高,苘麻和稗种子萌发率分别为13.3%和33.3%,对苘麻和稗根长、芽长、鲜重的抑制率分别为63.1%、80.0%、58.3%和51.3%、26.7%、23.3%。     

Timing of molinate applications for the control of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. in rice

Application of molinate to young rice (Oryza sativa L.) immediately before the ihird flushing irrigalion, when seedlings of E. crus-galli were in the 2 2½-leaf stage, resulted m bctier weed control and greater increases in crop growth and yield than earlier application prior to ihe second flushing, or than later application prior to permanent flooding, Molinale applied prior to a flushing was lost from the soil rapidly. 79–85% loss within 13 days. Chemical remaining after this time disappeared more slowly and little further loss occurred until permaneni flooding 24 days afier application. Despite the rapid dissipation of molinate. application of 3 kg/ha before a flushing irrigation controlled newly-emerging E. crus-galli until permaneni Hood ing I S days after spraying. Epoque des traiiemenia au molinaie pour la lutte contre Echinochloa crus galli (L.) Beauv. en rizière L'applicaiion du molinate sur du riz [Oryza saliva L.) jeune. immédiatement apres la troisiéme irrigation par submersion, lorsque les plantules d’E crus galliétaient au stade 2 feuilles/2 feuilles 1/2adonné un meilleur résultat et des augmentations de croissance et de rendement du riz plus grandes qu'une appli cation plus précoce. avant la seconde irrigation, on qu'une application plus tardive avant la submersion permanente. Le molinate appliqué avant une irrigation a disparu rapidementdu sol: 79 à 85% de perte en 13 jours, Le produit persistant après cette date a disparu pius leniement et il n'y a euque peude pertes ultérieures jusquà la submersion permanenie. 24 jours apres le traitement. En dépit de la rapide dégradation du molinate. un traitement à 3 kg/ha avant une irrigation par submersion a été efficace contre les E. crus galli nouvellement levés. jusquà la submersion permanentc. 15 jours après le traitement. Der günstigste Zeitpunkt für Anwendung von Molinat zur Bekämpfung von Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. in Reis Die Anwendung von Molinate injungem Reis (Oryza sativa L.) unmittelbar vor der dritten Rieselbewä.sserung. wenn die Pflanzen von E. crus-galli im 2 bis 2 1/2-Blatlsiadium waren. bewirkte eine bessere Unkrautbekämpfung. ein bcsseres Wachstum der Kultur und einen höheren Ertrag alseine Be handlung zu einem früheren Zeitpunkt vor der zweiien Rieselbewässerung. Oder eine spätere Anwendung vor der permanenten Überstauung. Wurde Molmat vor emer Rieselbewässerung appliziert. traten innerhalb von 13 Tagen Herbizidveriuste von 79–85% im Boden ein Der Rest des Herbizids verschwand langsamer. und bis zum Zeitpunkt der permanenten Über-stauung—24 Tage nach der Applikation—ging nur wenig Her-bizid verloren. Troiz des schnellen Veriusts des Herbizids wurden durch die Anwendung von 3 kg/ha Molinat vor einer Rieselbewässerung frisch aufgelaufene E.crus-galli-Pflanzen bis zum Zeitpunki der permanenten Überstauung bckämpft. Der Zeilraum zwischen Spritzung und Überstauung betrug in den Versuchen 1 5 Tage.     

江苏省昆山市直播稻田千金子、稗草等回升的原因与防除措施

20世纪90年代以来，直播水稻技术在我市迅速普及，种植面积逐年增加，至今已占水稻种植面积的60％以上。在开始种植直播稻的几年里，草害是制约其发展的重要原因，随着化除技术的不断进步，90年代中期，直播稻田除草技术已基本成熟，因而种植面积发展迅速。然而，近年来直播水稻生产中出现了化学除草效果下降，杂草危害有抬头的趋势，必须引起足够重视。     

Effects of surfactants on primisulfuron activity in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli [L.] Beauv.) and green foxtail (Setaria viridis [L.] Beauv.)

Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to measure the contact angle of primisulfuron droplets with and without surfactants on the leaf surfaces of barnyardgrass and green foxtail, to determine the primisulfuron activity on these weed species, and to examine the spray deposit of primisulfuron with and without surfactants on the leaf surface of green foxtail using scanning electron microscopy. A non-ionic surfactant (NIS) and an organosilicone wetting agent (OWA) were used. The contact angles of 1 μL droplets were measured on the leaf surface using a goniometer. The activity of primisulfuron on barnyardgrass and green foxtail was assessed at 3 weeks after treatment based on visual injury and the fresh weight. The contact angles of the droplets of primisulfuron on the adaxial surface of the barnyardgrass and green foxtail leaves were 152° and 127°, respectively, when applied without surfactant. The addition of either surfactant markedly reduced the contact angle for both weed species, which was lowest when the OWA was added to primisulfuron. The percentage injury of barnyardgrass was very low, even at the higher rate of primisulfuron, regardless of the surfactant. Primisulfuron at 40 g ha⁻¹ controlled 43% of green foxtail without surfactant, which increased to 65% with the NIS and 83% with the OWA. Primisulfuron with a surfactant markedly reduced the fresh weight of green foxtail compared with primisulfuron applied alone, regardless of the primisulfuron rate and surfactant type. The scanning electron micrographs showed a uniform deposit of spray droplets, with close contact of the droplets to the leaf epicuticular surface in green foxtail in the presence of a surfactant compared with no surfactant. The enhanced primisulfuron activity on green foxtail with surfactants was related to the reduced contact angle and uniform deposition of the primisulfuron spray droplets on the leaf surface.     

Joint action of Cochliobolus lunatus and atrazine on Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.

The potential of the endemic fungus Cochliobolus lunatus as a biological control agent against Echinochloa crus-galli was investigated. Under appropriate conditions the fungus produced leaf necrosis on E. crus-galli resulting in death of young seedlings. However, plants with more than two leaves mostly recovered after some time. Bean, barley, maize, oat, rye, tomato and wheat were highly resistant to the fungus. In experiments in a climate room or in a glasshouse E. crus-galli with more than two leaves could effectively be controlled by C. lunatus in combination with a sub-lethal dosage of atrazine as low as 2.5 mg m^?2 due to a positive interaction between fungus and herbicide.     

Occurrence,resistance factors and cross-resistance patterns to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase (ALS) of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Pal. Beauv. in Central Europe

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Pal. Beauv. is one of the most noxious weeds in maize cultivation and has evolved target-site resistance to ALS-inhibiting...     

Characterization of aryl acylamidase activity from propanil-resistant barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli [L.] Beauv.)

The enzyme, aryl acylamidase, was characterized in propanil-susceptible and propanil-resistant barnyardgrass with respect to kinetic parameters, the effects of inhibitors, and the levels of activity in dark- and light-grown tissues. The enzyme reaction in the resistant tissue preparation proceeded linearly with time over a 5 h time course, while activity in the susceptible tissue preparation was 2- to 4-fold lower and the activity tended to decrease after 2 h. The apparent K_m values were 62.1 mmol L⁻¹ and 3.1 mmol L⁻¹ for the enzyme activity in the susceptible and resistant tissue preparations, respectively. Two herbicides (anilofos and piperophos), previously shown to synergize propanil injury against the resistant biotype, were found to be potent inhibitors of the in vitro aryl acylamidase activity.     

11种稻田除草剂对丁香蓼的室内生物活性

采用室内盆栽试验方法开展了11种稻田常用除草剂对丁香蓼生物活性研究, 结果表明:在丁香蓼芽前使用10％吡嘧磺隆WP、40%苄嘧·丙草胺WP, 0~2叶期使用19%氟酮磺草胺SC、120 g/L噁草酮EC, 2~4叶期使用200 g/L氯氟吡氧乙酸EC、3%氯氟吡啶酯EC、25 g/L五氟磺草胺OD、〖JP+2〗100 g/L双草醚SC和4~6叶期使用460 g/L 2甲·灭草松AS, 对丁香蓼的ED90分别为4.18、10.30,1.61、241.60,7.31、9.74、11.83、28.96和117.73 g/hm2, ED90均低于供试药剂的田间常用推荐剂量, 证明丁香蓼对上述药剂敏感, 可作为生产上防除丁香蓼的候选药剂。     

Enhanced effect of thiobencarb on bispyribac-sodium control of Echinochloa phyllopogon (Stapf ) Koss. in California rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Bispyribac-sodium {sodium 2,6-bis[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy] benzoate} has recently been introduced to California where it effectively controls Echinochloa spp. in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). However, biotypes of early watergrass ( Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch) and late watergrass ( E. phyllopogon (Stapf ) Koss.) have evolved resistance to this herbicide. In 2001 and 2002, greenhouse and field experiments evaluated interactions between thiobencarb { S -[(4-chlorophenyl) methyl] diethylcarbamothioate} and bispyribac-sodium on resistant (R) and susceptible (S) late watergrass in California rice. Synergism was assessed using Colby's test and regression analysis. In the greenhouse, thiobencarb at 4480 and 5333 g ai ha⁻¹ synergistically reduced bispyribac-sodium GR₅₀ values on the R and S biotypes by 50–70% without increasing toxicity to rice. Synergism was also observed on S late watergrass in the field when 10 g ai ha⁻¹ bispyribac-sodium was mixed with 1120–2240 g ai ha⁻¹ thiobencarb. These effects could be related to interactions between thiocarbamates and enzymes in Phase I reactions of herbicide metabolism. This synergism results in better control at lower rates allowing a reduction in weed control costs, the herbicide load on the environment and a lower selection pressure towards resistant weed biotypes.