阿维菌素对小鼠早期精细胞的微核效应

阿维菌素是北京农业大学研制的一种新型,安全,广谱,高效的抗寄生虫药物,本文以小鼠早期精细胞微核试验方法研究其对雄性生殖细胞的诱变性,将昆明系雄性小鼠随机分为５组,每组５只,第１,２和３组为低,中和高３个剂量组,分别以１．９２ｍｇ／ｋｇ,４．８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ和９．６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ（相当于１／１０ＬＤ５０,１／４ＬＤ５０和１／２ＬＤ５０）剂量的阿维菌素丙二醇溶液给小鼠一次灌胃,第４组为阳性对照组以８０ｍｇ     

阿维菌素对小鼠初级精母细胞致突变性的研究

以小鼠初级精母细胞染色畸变分析方法研究阿维菌素（Avermectin)对小鼠雄性生殖细胞的诱变性。将昆明系雄性小鼠50只随机分为5组，每组10只，第1－3组为阿维菌素高、中和低剂是组，分别为9．60、4．80和1．92mg/kg体重（相当于1／2、1／4和1／10LD50）剂量的阿维菌素与1，2－丙二醇 1次灌胃；第4组为阳性对照组，以60mg/kg体重剂量的环磷酰胺1次腹腔注射；第5组为阴性对照组，仅灌服溶剂，于给药后第12d和13d每组取5只小鼠，每只按2mg/kg体重剂量腹腔注射秋水仙素2h后取材。试验结果表明，无论检药后第12d和13d，环磷酰胺阳性对照组与相应阴性对照组相比，其差异均极显著（P＜0．01），阿维菌素高、中和低3个剂量组与相应阴性对照相比，其差异均不显著（P＞0．05），证明阿维菌素对初级精母细胞不具诱变性。     

隆朋对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率的影响

隆朋(Rompun)即二甲苯胺噻嗪,它作为镇静、镇痛和肌松剂广泛用于兽医临床,特别对反刍动物有较好的镇麻效果,且具有用量小、作用迅速等特点。农牧大学闫章年等以隆朋为主要成分研制的鹿化学保定剂眼乃宁应用于鹿业生产受到广泛好评。隆朋属高毒物质,但对动物细胞有无遗传损伤尚未见报道。本试验通过小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细咆(PCE)微核率的变化,对隆朋的遗传毒理学效应进行初步评价。 1 材料和方法     

阿维菌素对小鼠雌性生殖细胞的致突变性研究

阿维菌素是我国生产的一种高效广谱抗寄生虫抗生素，对动物的消化道线虫和外寄生虫有很强的驱杀作用。本文选择了第二次减数分裂中期相（ＭＩＩ）卵母细胞和第一次分裂中期相合子染色体畸变分析方法，研究其对哺乳动物雌性生殖细胞的遗传毒性。１．ＭＩＩ卵母细胞染色体畸变分析：根据阿维菌素的小鼠急性毒性试验结果（小鼠经口ＬＤ５０＝１９．１９ｍｇ／ｋｇ），设以下剂量组：１．９２、３．８４和９．６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ（约相当于１     

臭氧对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率影响的研究

将120只昆明小鼠随机分成4组,每组30只,即对照组,臭氧发生器开启30min组、60min组、120min组。观察臭氧对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率的影响,以期探讨臭氧对小鼠的遗传毒性。利用臭氧发生器产生臭氧,每天分别处理30min、60min和120min,分别在处理后30d和60d处死10只小鼠,检测骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率。结果发现,处理30d和60d后不同臭氧处理组骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率与对照组比较差异不显著(P>0.05),提示臭氧对小鼠体细胞没有致突变性。     

臭氧对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率影响的研究

为了研究臭氧对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率(PCEs-MN)的影响,试验采用臭氧发生器产生臭氧,每天分别处理30 min、60 min、120 min,分别在处理后30天和60天处死10只小鼠,检测PCEs-MN.结果表明:处理30天和60天,不同臭氧处理组小鼠PCEs-MN与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),提示臭...     

北豆根对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率影响的研究

本文以小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率为指标,探讨不同浓度北豆根水煎剂和不同给药时间对小鼠遗传物质损伤的影响。结果表明,实验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组与阴性对照组比较,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。实验Ⅱ、Ⅳ组与阴性对照和阳性对照比较,均成极显著差异(P<0.01)。提示北豆根对哺乳动物的遗传物质无明显损伤,而对诱变剂具有一定的抑制作用。     

氯吡醇对小鼠胎肝血微核率的影响

氯吡醇是一种抗球虫药.为研究其有无遗传毒性,试验用40%LD_(50)、25%LD_(50)和12.5%LD_(50)氯吡醇三个不同剂量组;同时设阴性吐温对照组、阳性环磷酰胺对照组.均于小鼠妊娠后第13天一次空腹灌胃,环磷酰胺腹腔注射.灌胃染毒后第18小时和第30小时分别取其胎儿肝脏制成血涂片,进行微核观察.结果,40%LD_(50)氯吡醇组的孕鼠胎儿肝的嗜多染红细胞微核率为6.5±0.5‰,极显著(P<0.01)高于阴性对照组2.6±0.24‰,说明,氯吡醇能通过孕鼠胎盘屏障,进入胎儿体内造成遗传危害。     

铅长期暴露对黄河鲤红细胞微核率、核异常率的影响

利用微核观察方法,研究了铅(PbCl2)暴露30 d对黄河鲤红细胞微核率、核异常率的影响。结果表明,染毒Pb2+可引起黄河鲤微核率和核异常率指标发生显著变化,随着染毒Pb2+浓度的增加,黄河鲤红细胞微核和核异常率呈现先下降后上升的规律性变化。同一染毒浓度时染毒时间对于微核和核异常率的影响具有累积效应。     

The effect of enrofloxacin on sperm quality in male mice

Current study was designed to evaluate toxic effects of enrofloxacin on male mice reproductive system. In the treatment group enrofloxacin was administered subcutaneously to male mice at a fixed dose of 150 mg/kg once daily for 15 days, whereas saline solution was given in the same regimen in the control group for the same period. Mice were sacrificed on day 15 and analyzed for sperm quality. In addition to routine examination of sperm material, spermatogenetic activity and organization of each animal were graded according to Johnsen's scoring to assess the spermatogenesis relying on seminiferous tubule cross-section scores. A significant decrease in both epididymal sperm count and sperm motility besides abnormal spermatozoa rate were observed in enrofloxacin group compared to controls (P < 0.01, for all). Johnsen's score in control mice were better than those in treatment group (P < 0.01). These results suggested that a fixed 150 mg/kg dose of enrofloxacin would lead disruption of spermatogenesis in the testes causing deterioration of motility and content of sperms as well as morphological abnormalities.     

沙咪珠利对小鼠精子畸形和骨髓细胞微核的影响

为评价沙咪珠利的安全性,对其进行了小鼠精子畸形和骨髓细胞微核试验研究。选择健康ICR小鼠随机分为受试物高、中、低剂量组,阳性对照组和阴性对照组,进行精子畸形试验和骨髓细胞微核试验,计算精子畸形率和微核率。结果显示,受试物各剂量组精子畸形率与骨髓细胞微核率与阴性对照组比较,差异不显著(P0.05),与阳性对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。表明沙咪珠利对小鼠精子和骨髓细胞微核无影响,不具有遗传毒性。     

Effect of season and supplementation on percentage live sperm and sperm abnormalities in Horro (Zebu) bulls in sub-humid environment in Ethiopia

A total of 32 Horro (Bos indicus) bulls, with an average initial body weight and age of approximately 211 kg and 6 years were evaluated. The bulls were divided into two treatment groups. One group was given a supplementary concentrate at a rate of 1.5 kg/day and the second group served as the control and received no supplementation. The observation period lasted for 50 weeks. Semen was collected every two weeks by mean of electrical stimulation with the aid of an electro-ejaculator. The percentage of abnormal sperm (total abnormalities, head, midpiece and tail) remained lower in the supplemented group than in the non-supplemented group. The percentage of live sperm tended to be higher in the supplemented group throughout the 50-week trial period. Until week 17 of the trial there were no significant differences; however, starting at week 18 there were significant differences between the two treatment groups except for week 26. Thereafter, significant differences were recorded until week 38; from week 40 no significant differences were observed between the two groups in respect of percentage of live sperm (except for week 48). Season (week) during which the semen samples were collected had no significant effect on the percentage of abnormal sperm in both treatment groups (supplemented and non-supplemented). At the start of the trial the nutritionally supplemented group had a higher occurrence of sperm abnormalities (11.4% ± 1.1%) compared to 8.3% ± 1.3% in the control group. Thereafter, sperm abnormalities declined rapidly in the supplemented group (except for week 50). The sperm abnormalities for the non-supplemented group showed a tendency to increase during the entire observation period.     

喹胺醇对小白鼠精子致畸性试验

用昆明小白鼠为靶动物，进行了小鼠精子畸形试验，研究以喹胺醇的致畸作用。选择成年健康雄性昆明种小鼠30只（体重28－32g），随机分成6组。喹胺醇分为450mg/kg(1/20LD50），750mg/kg(1/12LD50），1000mg/kg(1/9LD50）和1500mg/kg(1/6LD50）4个剂量组，用2％吐温－80配成混悬液灌胃，阴性对照组2％吐温－80灌胃，阳性对照组用环磷酰胺（40mg/kg）腹腔注射，连续5d。结果表明，喹胺醇对小白鼠精子无致畸作用。     

提高种公牛精液利用率的试验研究

利用冷冻精液进行人工授精的技术在我省应用已有近三十年的历史,在推动全省牛品种改良发展方面起到了举足轻重的作用。饲养较少的种公牛生产出较多的优质冻精,即提高种公牛精液的利用率,是每个种公牛站长期以来一直追求的目标。种公牛精液冷冻效果的好坏是影响种公牛精液利用率的重要因素之一,而种公牛精液冷冻效果除受环境、气候等因素影响外,还受种公牛品种、年龄、个体等因素的影响。通过试验找出种公牛不同品种、不同年龄及不同个体对精液冷冻效果的影响,从而科学的利用种公牛精液,为有效提高种公牛精液利用率提供依据。     

交感神经对小鼠排卵和早期胚胎发育的影响

为了研究交感神经对妊娠的调控作用,给小鼠连续5 d腹腔注射交感神经化学损毁剂——6-OHDA(100 mg/kg),将交感神经化学性损毁,然后通过阴道涂片法和显微解剖的方法,对交感神经损毁后小鼠发情周期的变化、排卵的数量和妊娠发生后胚胎数量及大小进行了观察。结果表明:交感神经化学损毁后发情周期和排卵的数量没有明显的变化,但是胚胎的数量明显减少,小鼠胚胎数量在妊娠第7天比对照组同期减少了64.4%,在妊娠第9天比对照组同期减少了69.9%;对胚胎的大小进行测量时发现,交感神经损毁组在妊娠第7天与对照组同期相比,长径减小了0.51 mm,短径减小了0.56 mm;妊娠第9天时,交感神经损毁组与对照组同期相比,长径减小了0.37 mm,短径减小了0.47 mm,差异显著(P<0.05)。说明交感神经主要影响胚胎的早期发育,对发情周期和排卵没有明显的影响。     

Low‐mobility sperm phenotype in the domestic turkey: Impact on sperm morphometry and early embryonic death

The sperm mobility assay measures the ability of sperm to swim through a dense layer of Accudenz^®, and the sperm mobility phenotype has been shown to predict fertility and other sperm performance traits in roosters and turkeys. In this study, we examined turkey sperm morphometry and rates of early embryonic death associated with high‐ and low‐mobility semen. We also assessed whether the hypo‐osmotic stress test, which evaluates the structural integrity of the sperm plasma membrane, may be used as a faster and simpler assay for sperm mobility and viability. We confirmed previous work that found that high‐mobility sperm are faster and swim more linearly than low‐mobility sperm, and that mobility traits were repeatable within males. In contrast to previous studies, we did not find higher rates of fertility, but low‐mobility sperm was associated with higher rates of early embryonic death, though this trend was not significant. High‐mobility sperm had longer sperm heads, explained by longer nuclei, despite shorter acrosomes. Although these sperm were faster, midpiece length and flagellum length did not differ between high‐ and low‐mobility sperm. Finally, mobility was not found to be associated with sperm performance in the hypo‐osmotic stress test.     

硫代甜菜碱的一般毒性研究

为提供硫代甜菜碱的安全性评价资料,本试验进行了硫代甜菜碱对小鼠的一般毒性研究。采用改良Karber法测得DMSP对小白鼠的口服急性毒性LD50为3739.4mg/kg,属低毒;用剂量递增连续20d染毒法测得DMSP对小白鼠的累积系数K>5.3,属基本无蓄积;耐受性试验结果表明,连续用药,小白鼠能对硫代甜菜碱产生耐受现象;小鼠亚急性毒性试验的结果表明,DMSP在使用剂量范围内对小鼠的行为、体重、饮食状况、生理和生化指标均无不良影响。提示硫代甜菜碱毒性极低,在临床使用剂量下,作为饲料添加剂长期使用不会引起毒性反应。     

单诺沙星对昆明种小白鼠的急性毒性研究

对昆明种小白鼠口服、腹腔注射、静脉注射单诺沙星的急性毒性进行了研究。按简化机率单位法测行单诺沙星对小白鼠的品服LD50为2251.84mg/kg,LD50的95％可信限为1829．28－2674．32mg/kg，LD90为4207．11mg/kg，LD10为1025．26mg/kg。腹腔注射单诺沙星的LD50为300．95mg/kg，LD50的95％可信限为267．74－325．12mg/kg，LD90为388．31mg/kg，LD10为223．26mg/kg。静脉注射单诺沙星的LD50为52．02mg/kg，LD50的95％可信限为50．43－53．57mg/kg，LD90为57．29mg/kg，LD10为47．26mg/kg。表明单诺沙星的毒性较低。