鸽毛滴虫副粘病毒链球菌混合感染的诊疗

1999年3月,深圳某鸽场所饲养的群鸽中,约有3000只青年鸽出现歪头、耷翅、拉黄绿色稀粪和神经症状,约有160只乳鸽表现为消瘦和死亡率高,采食量普遍下降.送检前该场曾作过鸽瘟抗体水平检测,表明鸽瘟抗体水平较高但很不整齐,该场共存栏种鸽15 000对,青年鸽15 000只.     

我国肉鸽业养殖现状、投资分析、笼具改进及未来趋势

<正>肉鸽养殖是一项在畜禽养殖中对环境污染较小的养殖业,因为肉鸽养殖是采用全开放式的鸽舍,鸽子排出的粪便较干燥无臭,且鸽场每3~5天及时将鸽粪清理后给农作物、果树作有机肥料,养鸽场基本没有废物、废水及废气产生,不会污染环境,这是一项比较环保的养殖业,因此,养鸽业是特别适合我国广大农村发展的现代农业项目。目前全国肉鸽存栏总量达到3 000万对,年产乳鸽近43 000万只;广东省肉鸽     

鸽痘的诊断与防治措施

近日,本镇养鸽户通过临床检查发现其养殖的2 000羽鸽子表现吞咽、呼吸困难、衰弱等症状,已经死亡6羽。剖检死鸽在口腔,咽喉部位黏膜上有白色、不透明沉积物堵塞,干酪样假膜症状,初步诊断为黏膜型鸽痘。随着养鸽业的发展,鸽痘的发生和流行也日益严重,造成病鸽生长迟缓和形成外观次品近日,本镇养鸽户通过临床检查发现其养殖的2 000羽鸽子表现吞咽、呼吸困难、衰弱等症状,已经死亡6羽。剖检死鸽在口腔,咽喉部位黏膜上有白色、不透明沉积物堵塞,干酪样假膜症状,初步诊断为黏膜型鸽痘。随着养鸽业的发展,鸽痘的发生和流行也日益严重,造成病鸽生长迟缓和形成外观次品。感染病鸽在伴发全身感染时还可引起大批死亡,是影响养鸽业效益的主要疫病。下面就养殖技术方面     

一例肉食鸽衣原体病的诊治报告

某肉食鸽饲养户饲养的5 000只肉食鸽出现产蛋停止、零星死亡等症状,经诊断确诊为衣原体感染,现将诊治情况报告如下.     

肉鸽念珠菌病的诊治

<正>鸽念珠菌病别名鹅口疮、酸臭嗉囊病、念珠菌口炎和消化道真菌病,是由白色念珠菌引起鸽嗉囔部形成灰白色假膜为特征的消化道常见病,如遇饲养管理不良或某些应激,可突然暴发,造成大批死亡。2016年12月下旬,惠州市某存栏3 000对肉鸽场的10~15天龄乳鸽出现喘气、嗉囔肿大和死亡等症状,用恩诺沙星等抗菌药物治疗,效果不明显。为此前来我院就诊,经病理解剖和实验室检查,诊断为鸽念珠菌病,采取综合措施治疗,控制了病情。     

肉鸽念珠菌病的诊治体会

今年鞍山地区某鸽场,饲养肉鸽1 000对,据场主介绍前段时间有鸽子陆续发病,几日后发病鸽达325只,严重者逐渐消瘦而死亡,养殖户拿病死鸽到本中心检查,被确诊为念珠菌感染.     

当前鸽瘟免疫的误区

鸽副粘病毒病,又称鸽瘟,是由鸽副粘病毒引发鸽的一种急性、热性、高接触性传染病,可引起不同年龄段鸽群发病,是肉鸽、种鸽养殖过程中的头号大敌.我国种鸽存栏量约为1300万对,但饲养模式落后,绝大多数以家庭作坊方式存在,存栏1000 ～5 000对饲养个体大量存在,造成鸽瘟发病的复杂性.虽然经过养殖协会和专业技术人员对鸽瘟预防与控制方法的宣传与普及,养殖场在鸽瘟预防与控制上有了较大的进步和较好的认识,在疫苗选择、免疫方法、免疫剂量等免疫程序制定方面都比较注意,个别场鸽瘟抗体数据平均值与离散度方面都比较理想(见表1),但仍然存在以下突出的问题.     

鸽源性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及茶多酚对其体外抑菌效果的研究

【目的】确定广州市某规模化鸽场腹泻病例的病原菌及探讨茶多酚对该病原菌的体外抑菌效果。【方法】采集广州市某规模化鸽场腹泻病鸽的粪便,通过分离纯化、染色镜检、16S rRNA基因测序和构建系统进化树等方法对病原菌进行鉴定;采用药敏纸片法分析病原菌的耐药性;采用PCR技术检测病原菌携带的毒力基因;同时通过体外抑菌试验测定茶多酚对该病原菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)以及不同浓度(0(空白对照)、125、250、500和1 000 μg/mL)茶多酚对该病原菌的生长、运动和毒力基因表达的影响,综合评定茶多酚对该病原菌的体外抑菌效果。【结果】从病料中分离出1株致病菌株,其生物学特性与大肠杆菌基本一致,命名为GG20210604;经16S rRNA基因测序和系统进化树进一步证实,该菌株为大肠杆菌;经检测,GG20210604对环丙沙星和氨苄西林耐药,并携带4种毒力基因:fliC、fimH、iroN和hlyF;体外抑菌试验结果显示,茶多酚对GG20210604的MIC和MBC均为4 000 μg/mL;与空白对照组相比,当茶多酚浓度为250、500和1 000 μg/mL时,GG20210604的生长和运动均被显著抑制(P＜0.05);250和500 μg/mL茶多酚均显著降低GG20210604的fliC、iroN和hlyF基因的表达(P＜0.05),250 mg/mL茶多酚显著降低fimH基因的表达(P＜0.05)。【结论】本研究分离得到1株鸽源性大肠杆菌,该菌株对环丙沙星和氨苄西林耐药并携带fliC、fimH、iroN和hlyF 4种毒力基因。茶多酚对该菌株具有良好的抑菌效果,可以显著抑制其生长、运动和毒力基因的表达。本研究为预防和缓解鸽因大肠杆菌引起的腹泻提供新的思路,并且为茶多酚作为植物性抑菌剂在养鸽生产中的应用提供理论依据。     

鸽新城疫的诊治

2007年6月底,广东省广州市郊区某种鸽场(6 000对鸽)发生了新城疫(ND)病情,发病约达1个月,每天死亡1～10只,造成严重的经济损失.据鸽主口述:该鸽场2000年建立,每年12月份给种鸽接种1次ND疫苗,青年鸽选用种鸽前再免疫1次ND疫苗,出现此情况后曾用金霉素、青霉素、链霉素等抗菌药物和中草药煮水给鸽喝,但均不见好转,仍继续死亡.     

大宝鸽、石岐鸽和杂交王鸽生产性能和肌肉营养成分分析

为了解大宝鸽、石岐鸽和杂交王鸽的生产性能和肌肉营养成分,本实验分别测定分析大宝鸽、石岐鸽、杂交王鸽3种鸽子0～30日龄及成年鸽（3年龄鸽）生长性能、30日龄鸽屠宰性能、成年鸽（3年龄鸽）胸肌中的常规营养成分、氨基酸及脂肪酸含量。结果表明：大宝鸽的宰前活重和胸肌重高于石岐鸽和杂交王鸽（P<0.05）,但是屠宰率低于石岐鸽和杂交王鸽（P<0.05）;大宝鸽的生长速度、体重、体斜长、龙骨长、胸宽、骨盆宽及胫长高于石岐鸽和杂交王鸽（P<0.05）;杂交王鸽和大宝鸽的肌肉蛋白质含量高于石岐鸽（P<0.05）,杂交王鸽的肌肉脂肪含量低于大宝鸽和石岐鸽（P<0.05）,杂交王鸽的肉质与大宝鸽和石岐鸽相比更符合高蛋白低脂肪的理想型可食用肉质消费理念,并且杂交王鸽的风味氨基酸含量与大宝鸽相似且高于石岐鸽（P<0.05）,但是不饱和脂肪酸含量低于大宝鸽和石岐鸽（P<0.05）。研究表明大宝鸽的宰前活重和生长速度、杂交王鸽高蛋白低脂肪的肉质和屠宰率以及石岐鸽的屠宰率都是表现突出的遗传特性,可以作为后期专门化品系培育选择的遗传特性。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.