甘肃黑猪合成系RYR1基因的PCR-RFLP 检测试验

采用PCR－RFLPs技术对甘肃黑猪合成系RYR1基因进行了测定，并对其对繁殖性能的效应进行了研究。结果表明，RYR1 Hal^n基因频率甘肃黑猪瘦肉型I系为0，甘肃黑猪瘦肉型Ⅱ为1.79%，约克夏为7.7%。     

甘肃黑猪Ⅱ系保种阶段繁殖性能测定

甘肃黑猪Ⅱ系是在甘肃黑猪Ⅰ系的基础上,导入1/4杜洛克血统,采用群体继代选育法育成的瘦肉型专门化母本新品系.我们对2003年至2009年甘肃黑猪Ⅱ系3个世代母猪繁殖性能统计分析发现,甘肃黑猪Ⅱ系在保种阶段仍然保持了甘肃黑猪Ⅰ系高繁殖性能的遗传特性,七世代母猪产仔数13头,产活仔教12.2头,初生个体重1.7 kg.断奶...     

近交对嘉兴黑猪繁殖性能的影响分析

嘉兴黑猪是我国著名地方良种，主产于浙江省嘉兴市及周边地区，属江海型，系太湖猪品种的一个主要类群。素以产仔多、性成熟早、耐粗饲、肉质好、杂交效果明显而著称，是当地农村养猪的当家品种，深受群众喜爱。但由于嘉兴黑猪在保种选育过程中长期闭锁繁育，随着世代的增加，群体内母猪的近交系数也随之不断提高。因此分析近交对其繁殖性能的影响，希望能对嘉兴黑猪的保种选育提供一些参考依据。     

甘肃黑猪导血建系试验研究

甘肃黑猪导入1/4汉普夏血，选育瘦肉型品系（Ⅲ系），经过四个世代选育，基本保持了甘肃黑猪的黑毛色，体型外貌和繁殖性能，在生长速度和胴体瘦肉率上效果上效果特别明显，用新品系作母本，与长白和大约克夏父本猪杂交，杂种猪平均日增重高分别为712.3g和705.6g，瘦肉率提高3.0-4.2个百分点，是比原甘肃黑猪更好的一个杂交母本，达到了建系目的。     

近交对嘉兴黑猪繁殖性状的影响研究

嘉兴黑猪以多胎高产而闻名，随着猪群世代的增加，群体内的近交系数也随之提高，据8－12世代母猪的资料统计，近交系数在0～0．124之间占70％，0．125～0249之间占22.5％，0．250以上占7．5％，平均近交系数为0．102。资料表明随着近交系数的提高，初生窝重、泌乳力、断奶窝重等繁殖指标均有明显下降。     

不同近交程度南阳黑母猪的繁殖成绩

淅川畜牧场保存地方品种南阳黑猪已17 年。保种群母猪按每头所反映到的实际近交情况计算的平均近交系数,在1992,年底为0.0442。母猪的繁殖性能,因近交程度的增加有没有变化,直接关系到品种保存的质量。本文统计分析了场内1980年以后出生的部份不同近交程度南阳黑母猪的繁殖成绩。 按远交(即不存在近交,近交系数0.0000)、远亲 (近交系数0.0001～0.0155)、中亲(0.0156～0.0624)、近亲(0.0625～0.1249)、嫡亲(0.1250以上)     

甘肃黑猪合成系配合力测定试验

为了有效地利用甘肃黑猪各品系猪的优良遗传资源 ,提高合成系猪的瘦肉率和生长速度 ,筛选最佳杂交组合母本和父本 ,引入了大约克夏、长白、杜洛克和汉普夏四个瘦肉率和生长速度都很高的品种 ,与甘肃黑猪各品系及约×Ⅰ和Ⅱ×Ⅲ、Ⅲ×Ⅱ等共计 17个组合进行了配合力测定     

FSHβ亚基基因和ESR基因的多态性对莱芜猪合成系产仔数的影响

研究分析了莱芜猪合成系及其育种素材莱芜黑猪和大约克夏猪FSHβ亚基基因和ESR基因的多态性及其与产仔性能的关系。结果表明:对于FSHβ亚基基因,莱芜猪合成系群体内AB基因型占多数,而在莱芜黑猪和大约克夏群体内分别以AA基因型和BB基因型占绝对优势;FSHβ亚基基因的3种基因型中,以AA基因型的产仔数最高,但各基因型间差异没达到显著水平。对于ESR基因,在3个猪种内,AA和AB基因型均占优势,BB基因型频率很低,且莱芜黑猪群体内未检测到BB基因型。由于ESR基因在莱芜猪合成系及莱芜黑猪和大约克夏猪均表现出极端的偏态分布及样本数量少,因此难以精确计算出各基因型在产仔数上的差异。     

近交对嘉兴黑猪仔猪生长发育的影响

为了探索近交对嘉兴黑猪生长发育的影响．我们以嘉兴黑猪原种场嘉兴黑猪5～12世代哺乳仔猪为研究对象，根据仔猪近交程度的高低进行分组，并对初生同窝仔猪数（产仔数）、同南初生成活仔猪数（产活仔数）以及初生、20日龄、60日必为全窝重和平均个体重等指标进行统计分析，以期找出仔猪近交系数与生长发育的关系，并为嘉兴黑猪选育群适当地刮用近交提供科学依据。1材料与方法本次研究以嘉兴黑猪原种场嘉兴黑格第四世代至第十一世代选育群所产头胎仔猪为研究对象，以窝为单位，根据每窝仔猪近交系数高低，参照全同胞、半同胞、叔（姑）侄交配…     

甘肃黑猪瘦肉型Ⅰ系选育试验研究

以原甘肃黑猪为材料，采用继代选育方法，通过组建基础群，综合选择指数选择，参考同胞性能等技术措施，经５个世代选育，瘦肉率由５０．９０％提高到５４．６２％，并通过选种使繁殖性能有一定改进。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …