泰国推行HACCP体系及审核情况介绍

中国是水产品生产大国,其产量自1990年起连续位居世界第一.然面迄今为止,中国还仍然不是世界水产品贸易大国.相比之下,泰国不是一个生产大国然而其水产品出口量却连续几年位居世界第一.原因何在?作者认为这与他们较为完善的水产品质量管理体制和成功地执行HACCP管理是分不开的.他们的经验,值得我国水产界、特别是各企、事业单位借鉴.     

泰国推行HACCP体系及审核情况介绍

导读 中国是水产品生产大国,其产量自1990年起连续位居世界第一.然面迄今为止,中国还仍然不是世界水产品贸易大国.相比之下,泰国不是一个生产大国然而其水产品出口量却连续几年位居世界第一.原因何在?作者认为这与他们较为完善的水产品质量管理体制和成功地执行HACCP管理是分不开的.他们的经验,值得我国水产界、特别是各企、事业单位借鉴.     

中国蜂产品霸居世界市场

中国是世界养蜂大国,其蜜蜂饲养量、蜂蜜和蜂王浆的产量和出口量均居世界首位。1991年中国出口蜂蜜7万吨,蜂主浆470多吨,1992年分别增至18万吨和1000吨;1993年增至24万吨和1400吨。在世界蜂王浆的年贸易量中,中国占居市场份额的94％—95％。     

泰国推行HACCP体系及审棱情况介绍

中国是水产品生产大国，其产量自1990年起边续位居世界第一。然而迄今为止，中国还仍然不是世界水产品贸易大国。相比之下，泰国不是一个生产大国然而其水产品出口量却连续几年位居世界第一。原因何在？作认为这与他们较为完善的水品质量管理体制和成功地执行HACCP管理是分不开的。他们的经验，值得我国水产界、特别是各企、事业单位借鉴。     

泰国推行HACCP体系及审核情况介绍（完）

中国是水产品生产大国，其产量自1990年起连续位居世界第一。然而迄今为止，中国还仍然不是世界水产品贸易大国。相比之下，泰国不是一个生产大国然而其水产品出口量却连续几年位居世界第一。原因何在？作认为这与他们较为完善的水产品质量管理体制和成功地执行HACCP管理是分不开的。他们的经验，值得我们水产界、特别是各企、事业单位借鉴。     

2003年进口鱼粉市场简析与2004年展望

中国是鱼粉资源缺乏的国家，每年都要进口近百万吨，才能满足水产及畜禽饲料的要求。中国是世界最大的鱼粉进口国，进口量占世界总进口量的20％-30％，中国的市场状况在很大程度上影响着世界鱼粉市场的平衡。秘鲁是世界最大的鱼粉出口国，其出口量占了世界总出口量的40％～50％，秘鲁的市场状况代表着世界鱼粉的供应市场。2003年的进口鱼粉市场，价格大幅振荡，而且体现出很多本年度的新特点。     

对中国蜂产品现代市场营销的反思

有"世界经济发动机"之称的中国,自改革开放以来是世界列强和商业垄断跨国公司的必争之地,竞争的激烈决定了中国蜂产品市场开拓的复杂性、艰难性及其重要性。21世纪以来,众多的中外合资企业、国营和私营的蜂业企业、商贩云集华夏,向各省会城     

推行HACCP管理 确保饲料安全

ＨＡＣＣＰ管理是保证饲料和食品安全而对生产全过程实行的事前、预防性控制体系。该管理体系已被世界许多国家采纳,其中,一些国家还将其作为强制性管理模式加以推行。中国是世界第二饲料生产大     

中国加入世界奶业组织

本刊讯 :从有关部门获悉 ,4年一届的世界荷斯坦联盟大会近日同意批准中国奶业协会的申请 ,正式接受中国成为世界荷斯坦联盟成员国。世界荷斯坦联盟是世界奶业协会组织 ,以在全球范围内提高、促进荷斯坦奶牛的繁育为目的 ,其宗旨是让所有的成员国在统一的水准上 ,组织和管理各自的良种登记和注册。目前该组织拥有包括美国、荷兰、德国、加拿大、法国、澳大利亚等世界奶业产销大国在内的23个成员国家。中国加入世界奶业组织!主持人@甄云肖     

近代中国蚕丝业国际地位的边缘化——基于世界体系“中心-边缘”关系的分析

应用沃勒斯坦的世界体系"中心-边缘"理论,对近代(1840～1919年)中国蚕丝业国际地位由中心走向边缘的种种表现与原因进行分析,为今后中国蚕丝业的发展提供新的思考途径。近代以前,中国独立于资本主义世界体系之外,中国的蚕丝业也一样独立于资本主义世界体系之外,并在世界蚕丝业占据重要位置。自近代中国被卷入世界体系并被边缘化之后,中国的蚕丝业也随之被边缘化,沦为中心区国家的丝绸原料生产者与成品销售地,蚕丝业的外贸权与产品价格被中心区国家操纵,蚕丝生产技术的发展亦被限制,其原因在于世界体系下"中心-边缘"关系的制约。至今,中国蚕丝业仍在为走向中心而努力,其唯一之途径,就在于不断地进行科技创新,以科技推动蚕丝业发展。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.