圈养野生杂食动物肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解福州动物园杂食动物寄生虫感染情况,采集8种杂食动物粪样20份,经麦克马斯特漂浮法检验发现3种杂食动物感染寄生虫种类8种,分别是棕熊感染线虫、蛔虫2种寄生虫;小熊猫感染贝蛔虫、类圆线虫和短膜壳绦虫3种寄生虫;豪猪感染蛲虫、鞭虫和球虫3种寄生虫。杂食动物寄生虫总感染率为37.5%(3/8),感染强度最高者为小熊猫贝蛔虫卵,高达12 210个/g。福州动物园杂食动物大多成群饲养,感染寄生虫的动物多属于寄生虫混合感染,驱虫工作难度大。     

A new approach in the prevention of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in cattle

The efficacy of a morantel long-acting device in preventing parasitic gastroenteric infections throughout a whole year was evaluated in heifers and steer calves in south central Québec. Thirty-two calves, comprising nine Hereford steers, one Hereford heifer, fourteen Holstein crossbred steers and eight Holstein crossbred heifers, were allotted into two treatment groups and maintained throughout the grazing season on adjacent pastures resulting from equivalently dividing one original pasture. One morantel long-acting device was administered to each animal in one group at the time of turnout onto the pasture in the spring while the calves in the other group remained as nonmedicated controls. The parasitic infections incurred during the pasture season were primarily Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus, Cooperia and Nematodirus.

The following fall, after twelve calves were necropsied for worm counts, the twenty remaining ones were brought into the barn where they were kept throughout the winter with access to an outside yard. They received good quality hay and rolled barley (1 kg/head/day) up until the following May, at which time they were weighed and had fecal samples taken for egg counts. In contrast to the results observed among controls, the morantel long-acting device treatment group had an 87% reduction in fecal worm egg excretion and a 67.3 kg per calf increased weight gain after one year.

     

Epidemiology of parasitic gastrointestinal nematode infections of ruminants on smallholder farms in central Kenya

In order to establish the infection pattern with gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants in the central Kenya highlands, a study was carried out in 58 smallholder farms. The study involved monthly faecal examinations from sheep, goats and cattle and pasture sampling from eight communal grazing areas. Each month, six Dorper worm-free tracer lambs were introduced and four locally grazed cross-bred sheep were purchased for parasite recovery. The mean faecal egg counts (FEC) for cattle were low throughout the study period, whereas those for sheep and goats showed a seasonal pattern with high levels of infection occurring during the two main rainy seasons, especially in March, April and October. There were significant differences in egg counts over time and among farms. Haemonchus contortus was the most prevalent nematode in the tracer lambs whereas the previously exposed locally grazed sheep had significantly lower numbers of H contortus but significantly higher numbers of Trichostrongylus species The highest levels of infection in the tracer lambs occurred in November 1995 and January, May and June 1996. Based on this study, it is now possible to explore the possibility of using strategic treatments for the control of parasitic gastroenteritis in this area of Kenya.     

Systematic review of the distribution of the major vector-borne parasitic infections in dogs and cats in Europe

On the basis of a systematic review of the literature, this paper provides the first evidence-based maps of the distribution of the major vector-borne parasitic infections of dogs and cats in Europe. From an initial survey of 894 publications, data from 268 were analysed, summarised and collated. Prevalence data were used to calculate the force of infection to provide distribution and incidence maps for canine infections with Leishmania infantum, Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens, Babesia canis and Ehrlichia canis. There was little information from some areas but, in spite of its acknowledged incompleteness, the study provides an evidence-based framework upon which to assess the risks of infection, and will provide a basis, by correlation with climatic and vegetation data, to derive more comprehensive risk assessment maps for Europe. To clinicians in both endemic and non-endemic countries, it will be of assistance in decision-making with respect to diagnosis and preventive measures.     

Food-borne parasitic infections — A review

A review of food-borne parasitic infections is presented. Parasitic infections in conventional slaughtered animals and seafood (fish and shellfish) constituting a public health hazard are discussed. To the former category belong cysticercosis, echinococcosis and trichinellosis, and to the latter category belong various trematole, cestode and nematode infections. Examples of trematode infections are heterophyidiasis, transmitted to man by marine fish and Paragonimus spp. parasites, transmitted by crustaceans. Cestode infections include diphyllobothriasis transmitted by freshwater fish and fish from brackish waters. Special attention is drawn to the condition known as sparganosis. Of the nematode infections the eosinophilic granulomatous enteritis is mentioned. It is due to infections with members of the genera Anisakis, Phocanema and Contracaecum and is transmitted to man by either marine fish of crustaceans. Two other nematode infections Angiostrongylus cantonensis and Capillaria philippinensis can also be transmitted to man by marine fish.Apart from a possible direct effect of these parasites, chemical alterations in seafood resulting from the presence of parasites may also be deleterious to the consumer.Special attention is drawn to a newly developed serological detection method, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, enabling not only detection of infection at the slaughter-house, but also in large herds at the farm.Strategies to control parasitic infections both in conventional slaughtered animals and in seafood are discussed.     

当今台湾十大热门犬

一、黄金猎犬有绅士风度就怕换毛季聪明且充满灵性,对主人也极为顺从。往往有绅士般的表现,不管到哪里都令人喜爱。魅力十足的金色长毛,可爱晶亮的眼神和爽朗的表情,是黄金猎犬最大的特征。但春秋两次换毛季,是主人最头痛的时刻。国内此型犬种髋关节的问题十分严重。二、米格鲁     

Advances in laboratory diagnosis of parasitic infections of sheep

Parasitic infections constitute an important group of diseases in sheep concerning the health status, welfare and productivity. On a global scale, there are considerable differences concerning the epidemiological situation with respect of the various parasite species. However, there are also numerous species, which occur on all continents and, potentially, in every country. Accordingly, the present review aims to providing an overview about the recent developments in methods and technologies for the laboratory diagnosis of parasite infections in sheep. Following in principle a systematic order the review encompasses publications addressing the diagnosis of helminthes (i.e., trematodes, cestodes and nematodes) and arthropod species. New approaches using conventional (e.g., microscopic), immunological and molecular techniques are being considered. The diagnosis of anthelmintic resistance is highlighted separately, due to its significant importance. The review ends with an outlook into the future by discussing most recent technological advances, which might become of use for the diagnosis of parasite infections in sheep in the future.     

Anthelmintics used in treatment of parasitic infections of horses

The common anthelmintics used to treat parasitic infections of horses are described. Dosage, anthelmintic spectrum, formulation and administration, mode of action, toxicity contraindications, and resistance of parasites to anthelmintics are included.     

Diagnostic methods for parasitic infections in livestock.

Parasitic infections are a primary cause of lost productivity in livestock world-wide. Accurate detection of parasites depends on many factors, including collection, storage, and transport of the sample, as well as the method of laboratory evaluation. However, the presence of a particular parasite does not always indicate the presence of parasitic disease. For many parasites, there exists a level at which the effect on production characteristics is balanced by the effect on the development of immunity. Interpretation of test results, therefore, should also consider such factors as the age of the animal or animals, clinical history, nutrition, local epidemiology of the parasites prevalent in the area, and any treatments that have been implemented.     

山羊寄生虫病联合用药效果观察

根据调查,对我县山羊危害严重的寄生虫病有:肝片吸虫病、食道口线虫病、疥螨病.笔者于2001年春在本县风华镇山羊中进行了联合用药驱虫试验.     

寄生虫分子疫苗

随着寄生虫耐药虫株的出现及消费者对畜禽产品药物残留问题的担忧和环境保护意识的增强,研制疫苗防治寄生虫病已成为大势所趋。目前上市的寄生虫疫苗还很少,且多为活苗或致弱苗,属劳动密集型产品,价格较高,而且还有人工发病的潜在危险。分子疫苗的研究是随着遗传学、蛋白质化学及免疫学理论和方法的发展而发展起来的,在人的乙型肝炎等疾病的控制上已起到了很大的作用。在寄生     

Survey of travel-related problems in dogs

The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the kind of transport dogs undergo, the behaviours displayed during transport, the prevalence of travel-related problems in dogs and owners' interventions to solve these problems. A convenience sample of 907 dog owners completed a questionnaire containing 16 multiple-choice questions. All dogs had been transported by car at least once, but 4.7 per cent were no longer transported. 76.2 per cent of animals always responded positively to car transport, the rest showing or having shown problems (6.7 per cent always reacted negatively). Dogs were found to be more excited than inhibited during car transport. The vast majority (86.0 per cent) had become used to travelling by car as puppies; this made them less likely to develop problems (6.3 per cent v 24.1 per cent; χ(2)=19.886, P=0.000). If dogs were transported only to veterinary clinics, they were more prone to respond negatively to car transport (46.4 per cent v 22.7 per cent; χ(2)=7.245, P=0.007). For dogs reported as problematic (23.8 per cent of the sample), 96.3 per cent of the owners did not administer any treatments or other substances, 48.7 per cent did not seek any advice, and 40.4 per cent of them made attempts to solve the problem by themselves.     

Epidemiological studies of parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes, cestodes and coccidia infections in cattle in the highveld and lowveld communal grazing areas of Zimbabwe

Between January 1999 and December 2000 faecal samples from 16264 cattle at 12 dipping sites in the highveld and nine in the lowveld communal grazing areas of Zimbabwe were examined for gastrointestinal (GI) nematode and cestodes eggs, and coccidia oocysts. Strongyle larvae were identified following culture of pooled faecal samples collected at monthly intervals. The effects of region, age, sex and season on the prevalence of GI nematodes, cestodes and coccidia were determined. Faecal egg and oocyst counts showed an overall prevalence of GI nematodes of 43%, coccidia 19.8% and cestodes 4.8%. A significantly higher prevalence of infection with GI nematodes, cestodes and coccidia was recorded in calves (P < 0.01) than in adults. Pregnant and lactating cows had significantly higher prevalences than bulls, oxen and non-lactating (dry cows) (P < 0.01). The general trend of eggs per gram (epg) of faeces and oocysts per gram (opg) of faeces was associated with the rainfall pattern in the two regions, with high epg and opg being recorded during the wet months. The most prevalent genera of GI nematodes were Cooperia, Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus in that order. Strongyloides papillosus was found exclusively in calves. Haemonchus was significantly more prevalent during the wet season than the dry season (P < 0.01). In contrast, Trichostrongylus was present in significantly (P < 0.01) higher numbers during the dry months than the wet months, while Cooperia and Oesophagostomum revealed no significant differences between the wet and dry season. These findings are discussed with reference to their relevance for strategic control of GI parasites in cattle in communal grazing areas of Zimbabwe.