3种投喂模式对中华绒螯蟹性腺发育和生化组成的影响

2015年4—10月在江苏常州金坛市指前镇芦家村省级高效设施渔业示范点6口面积0.667hm~2试验塘(编号1~6#)中,投放中华绒螯蟹和日本沼虾苗种,密度分别为2.25×10~4只/hm~2和150kg/hm~2,分别投喂配合饲料、冰鲜杂鱼和饲料与冰鲜杂鱼混合,每种投喂模式设两个重复,定期测定肝胰腺指数、性腺指数、出肉率、总可食率和体成分的生化组成。试验结果显示,在体质量接近的条件下,3种投喂模式对成蟹的性腺指数和肝胰腺指数无显著影响(P0.05),9月杂鱼组雌雄个体的性腺指数和肝胰腺指数略低于配合饲料组和混合投喂组,而混合投喂组的性腺指数略高于其他两组。不同投喂模式对各组织中华绒螯蟹的干质量中生化组成影响较小,仅杂鱼组雌蟹肝胰腺中脂肪含量为71.44%,显著低于饲料组(86.94%)和混合组(87.67%)(P0.05)。不同投喂模式对各组中华绒螯蟹组织湿质量中生化组成无显著影响(P0.05)。综上,用投喂配合饲料替代杂鱼投喂成蟹,可以提高雌蟹肝胰腺中的脂肪含量,而对性腺发育和生化组成无不利影响。     

配合饲料和冰鱼对单体养殖中华绒螯蟹生长、性腺发育及其肌肉品质的影响

为研究配合饲料和冰鱼对中华绒螯蟹的养殖性能和营养状况的影响,本实验通过连续采样分析了单体养殖中华绒螯蟹的生长性能、性腺发育和肌肉的营养成分,并进一步比较了终末体质量、增重率、特定增长率、成活率和蜕壳间隔.结果 显示:①配合饲料组的成活率极显著高于冰鱼组,而终末体质量、增重率、特定增长率和蜕壳间隔二组无显著差异;在不同蜕...     

池养中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长特性的初步研究

经测量和数理统计分析,确定池养条件下幼螯(中华绒螯蟹幼蟹,下同)背甲长与年龄呈直线关系,体重与年龄为幂函数关系,并计算出它们相应的回归方程式。研究结果表明,在不同饲养条件下,幼蟹生长率略有差异,并揭示出幼蟹个体生长存在着显著的差异性。在营养和溶氧相似的条件下,动蟹在适温范围内的生长与水温呈正相关。根据对185只不同时期幼蟹的测量,计算出幼蟹背甲长对体重的关系式为W=0.4209L~(3.1150)。     

集约化池塘科学投喂配合饲料技术

正高密度、集约化的池塘养殖,容易造成大量的残饵、排泄物等沉积在池塘底部,形成恶性积累;加之大量的人工饲料、消毒剂等投入养殖水体,使水体造成污染,影响鱼类正常生长,造成鱼病暴发。集约化的池塘养殖中饲料成本占整个养殖成本的80%,饲料质量的好坏,投喂技术直接影响鱼类生长和养殖经济效益。所以,通过科学投喂配合饲料,提高饲料利用率,降低养殖成本是健康养殖的主要条件。1严把饲料质量鱼用配合饲料其营养全面、适口性好。养殖户选择配合饲料时应该全面了解性价比和安全性,饲料中必须能完全满足饲养对象的生长需求,而且绝对     

池养幼蟹成活率,生长及雌蟹性成熟特征

报导了４口池塘试养幼蟹的结果。各池雌蟹与雄蟹的甲宽无显著差异（ｐ＞００５）,放养密度及饵料对生长和存活率有一定影响,成熟雌蟹与未成熟雌蟹腹部形态特征有明显区别。     

超大规格中华绒螯蟹繁育子代生长性能及养殖效果

为评估中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)超大规格亲本(母本≥300 g, 父本≥400 g)繁育子代的养殖效果, 本研究以正常规格亲本(300 g≥母本≥150 g, 400 g≥父本≥250 g)作为对照, 比较了超大规格和正常规格中华绒螯蟹繁育子代 F1 在扣蟹及成蟹阶段的生长性能和养殖效果差异。结果显示: (1) 超大规格组个体在豆蟹、扣蟹及成蟹阶段的平均体重均一直高于对照组, 其中扣蟹和成蟹体重分别于 9—11 月和 7 月差异显著(P＜0.05); (2) 生殖蜕壳及性腺发育方面, 超大规格组雄体和雌体在 9 月 5 日至 9 月 25 日和 7 月 25 日至 9 月 5 日期间的生殖蜕壳率分别显著低于对照组(P＜0.05), 此外, 超大规格组雌体的性腺指数在性腺发育前期(9 月 10 日)显著低于对照组(P＜0.05), 雄体则在性腺发育中期(10 月 10 日)显著较低(P＜0.05); (3) 超大规格组在扣蟹阶段的产出重量和成蟹阶段的最终产量均高于对照组, 其中雄体在扣蟹阶段的产量与对照组差异显著(P＜0.05); (4) 就规格分布而言, 超大规格组雌雄个体中大规格扣蟹(＞12 g)及大规格成蟹(雄蟹＞230 g, 雌蟹＞200 g)所占比例均显著高于对照组, 且超大规格组中小规格扣蟹及小规格成蟹所占比例显著低于对照组(P＜0.05)。综上所述, 在扣蟹和成蟹养殖阶段, 超大规格亲本繁育子代相较于对照组具有更快的生长速度和更高的产量, 且子代中大规格蟹的比例显著高于对照组, 由此认为超大规格亲本繁育子代具有更高的经济效益优势。     

常规鱼类池塘养殖配合饲料投喂技术

随着我国水产饲料行业的发展，传统吃食鱼类（如草鱼、鲤鱼、鲫鱼、鲂鱼等）的养殖。发生了养殖方式的大转变，相当一部分的养殖模式改用投喂配合饲料养殖。但在养殖过程中，出现了有些养殖户养殖效果比较好，经济效益可观，有些养殖广则效柴不理想，甚至出现亏损现象。分析其原因，主要有两种因素。其一是养殖户的管理水平和市场价格的波动；其二就是饲料。本文就池塘养殖如何投喂配合饲料，作了技术小结，仅供参考；     

三种投喂模式对河蟹二龄成蟹养殖性能的影响

比较了池塘养殖条件下,全程投喂配合饲料、杂鱼和传统饵料(以黄豆、小麦和玉米为主,辅以少量饲料和杂鱼)对河蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)二龄成蟹生长、性腺发育、规格分布、成活率、单产、饵料系数和饵料成本的影响。结果显示:(1)无论雌雄,传统饵料组早期(5-8月份)的增重率和特定生长率方面最低,杂鱼组最高;(2)杂鱼组雌体8月份性腺发育速度最快,传统饵料组性腺发育速度最慢,其余月份雌体和雄体的性腺指数和肝胰腺指数均无显著差异;(3)无论雌雄,最终杂鱼组的大规格成蟹(雄体175 g,雌体100 g)比例最高,而传统饵料组的小规格成蟹(雄体100 g,雌体75 g)比例最高,且体重差异较大,配合饲料组的中等规格成蟹较为集中,最终三组投喂模式下雌雄蟹的平均体重并无显著差异,杂鱼组略大于传统饵料组;(4)三种投喂模式下,三者的成活率和平均产量并无显著差异;杂鱼组的饵料系数和饵料成本最高,配合饲料组饵料系数最低,但饵料成本居中;传统饵料组饵料系数居中,饵料成本最低。结果表明,全程投喂配合饲料对河蟹二龄成蟹的养殖性能和性腺发育无显著影响。     

稻田生态条件下中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长与性腺发育的初步研究

本文报道了稻田生态条件下中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长与性腺发育情况。研究结果表明：在人工调控饲养条件下、幼蟹生长和性腺发育速度明显下降、幼蟹个体生长存在着显著的差异。水温、营养与密度对幼蟹的性腺发育有直接影响。稻田的主要理化因子基本符合养蟹要求。     

甲鱼全价配合饲料及其投喂技术

1全价配合饲料 甲鱼全价配合饲料是根据甲鱼在不同生长阶段的营养需要,把多种饲料原料按一定的科学比例混合,通过超微粉碎、混和均匀,制成甲鱼的全价配合粉状饲料(使用时加工成软颗粒或团块投喂)或膨化颗粒饲料。全价配合饲料的蛋白质、必需氨基酸、能量、必需脂肪酸以及各种矿物质和维生素等均能完全满足甲鱼健康发育生长的营养需要。     

3种品系中华绒螯蟹扣蟹阶段池塘养殖性能比较

为探究不同品系中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)在扣蟹阶段的池塘养殖效果,于2020年在江苏东台进行了3个品系(2龄早熟品系、“长荡湖1号”A系和“长荡湖1号”B系)大眼幼体的池塘养殖试验,比较了各品系扣蟹的平均体质量变化情况、最终养殖性能、规格分布和经济效益。结果表明:(1)虽然3个品系大眼幼体在扣蟹阶段的平均体质量并无显著差异(P＞0.05),但各品系扣蟹平均体质量与亲本规格呈一定的正相关关系,总体上为“长荡湖1号”B系＞“长荡湖1号”A系＞2龄早熟品系;(2)正常扣蟹单位面积产量和扣蟹总产量与亲本规格呈正相关关系,即随着亲本规格的增大而显著增加(P<0.05);此外,“长荡湖1号”B系饲料系数(FCR)显著高于“长荡湖1号”A系(P<0.05);(3)3个品系扣蟹的体质量主要分布于6.0~7.9 g和8.0~9.9 g的规格区间内,其中2龄早熟品系在小规格区间(＜4.0 g和4.0~5.9 g)所占的比例较高,而“长荡湖1号”B系扣蟹在大规格区间(10.0~11.9 g和＞12.0 g)所占比例较高,但组间并无显著差异(P＞0.05);(4)各品系扣蟹的最终收益及投资回报率均随着亲本规格的增大而明显提高。综合来看,相对于2龄早熟品系,“长荡湖1号”A系和“长荡湖1号”B系在扣蟹养殖阶段具有产量高、投资回报率高等特点,市场应用和产业化前景较好。     

Growth and immune response of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) fed diets containing different lipid sources

A 10‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid sources on the growth and immune responses of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with fish oil (FO), linseed oil (LO), soybean oil (SO), rapeseed oil (RO), coconut oil (CO) and beef tallow (BT) as the sources of lipid with five replicates each. Thirty crabs (2.35 ± 0.14 g) were stocked into each tank and fed twice daily. Weight gain and specific growth rate of crab fed the FO diet were significantly lower than those fed other diets (P < 0.05), except for crabs fed LO diet (P < 0.05). Crab fed the SO diet weighed more than those fed FO diets (P < 0.05). Serum superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde of crab fed the FO diet were significantly higher than in other groups (P < 0.05). Crab fed the FO diet had the highest activities of serum phenoloxidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme (P < 0.05). The fatty acid composition in the liver of crab reflected the change in test diets. Our results indicate that the use of dietary vegetable or animal oils can achieve similar growth performance to the use of dietary FO in Chinese mitten crab, but non‐FOs may impair crab immunity. Soybean oil is recommended as a suitable replacer for FO in Chinese mitten crab diet.     

不同规格中华绒螯蟹亲本子一代在扣蟹阶段养殖性能的比较研究

为探究中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)亲本规格对其子代在扣蟹阶段养殖性能的影响,本试验在相同的养殖环境下将4种规格河蟹亲本(规格I:雌90~110 g、雄140~160 g;规格Ⅱ:雌115~135 g、雄160~180 g;规格Ⅲ:雌140~160 g、雄220~240 g;规格Ⅳ:雌190~210 g、雄290~310 g)所产的大眼幼体养殖至扣蟹,并比较各组扣蟹的体质量、增重率、特定生长率、成活率及最终产量差异。试验结果显示:(1)不同规格的河蟹亲本,其子一代在大眼幼体至豆蟹阶段的平均体质量、成活率以及增重倍数均无明显差异(P>0.05);(2)在豆蟹至扣蟹养殖阶段,各组幼蟹的生长速度差异大体上与其亲本规格的差异相一致,其中Ⅰ组幼蟹在8—10月期间的平均体质量均显著低于Ⅳ组(P<0.05);(3)养殖效果方面,各组扣蟹平均规格和最终产量均随着亲本规格的提高而提高,其中Ⅳ组扣蟹的最终平均体质量显著高于Ⅰ组扣蟹(P<0.05);(4)就规格分布而言,Ⅳ组扣蟹2.00~3.99 g规格的比例显著低于另外3组,而≥6.00 g规格的比例显著高于另外3组(P<0.05)。结果表明,中华绒螯蟹亲本规格对其后代的养殖性能存在影响,大规格河蟹亲本子一代在扣蟹生产阶段生长速度快、养殖效果好,因此建议在生产上选择大规格亲本的后代用于扣蟹养殖。     

大规格中华绒螯蟹亲本子代大眼幼体在微山湖地区的池塘扣蟹培育试验

为探究大规格中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)亲本子代大眼幼体在山东微山湖地区的池塘养殖效果,2019年在微山湖扣蟹基地将2种大规格河蟹亲本(规格I:雌190～210 g、雄280～300 g;规格Ⅱ:雌240～260 g、雄330～350 g)所产的大眼幼体饲养至扣蟹,并比较各组扣蟹的生长情况、养殖性...     

饲料中的钙磷水平对中华绒螯蟹生长与饲料效率的影响

随着中华绒螯蟹（Ｅｒｉｏｃｈｅｉｒ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ,河蟹）养殖的迅速发展,对河蟹的营养生理和配合饲料方面的研究也有较大进展［１～６］,但迄今有关河蟹饲料中适宜钙磷含量的研究甚少,仅见到有关饲料矿物质适宜总量和钙磷含量对河蟹生长影响的初步报告［７］。本试验旨在了解钙磷对养殖河蟹生长和蜕壳的影响,为确定河蟹饲料中适宜的钙磷含量提供依据。１材料与方法１．１试验蟹及管理 试验蟹取自浙江上虞海涂养殖场,体重２９－３３ ｇ。随机分成９组,分别置于９只水族箱中,每箱２０只。箱内放置数块拱形瓦片供蟹栖息。发现蜕…     

Biochemical composition of pond-reared and lake-stocked Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (H. Milne-Edwards) broodstock

The morphological characteristics, tissue indices, proximate and fatty acid compositions of hepatopancreas, gonad and muscle of pond‐reared (PR) and lake‐stocked (LS) Eriocheir sinensis broodstock were compared. Lake‐stocked crabs are characterized by a blue carapace, white abdomen, golden legs and yellow setae while PR crabs have a brown carapace, grey abdomen, black legs and similar yellow setae. The carapace length and width of PR crabs were significantly less than those of LS crabs of the same wet weight (WW). The results showed that the hepatosomatic index (HSI) of PR males was significantly higher, but the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was significantly lower for PR females when compared with LS individuals of the same sex. Regardless of their origin, the muscular index (MI) of males was higher than that of females. The hepatopancreas of LS crabs had higher protein levels and lower lipid levels compared with PR crabs. The results of proximate analysis of male gonads from two different sources were similar, while the protein level in the ovary of LS females was higher than that of PR females. The tissues of males had higher water content but lower lipid and protein levels compared with females regardless of their source. The LS crabs had higher highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) levels than PR crabs in their gonad and hepatopancreas. In conclusion, our results suggest that the nutritional quality of LS crabs is better than that of PR crabs, the nutritional quality of males is poorer than that of females. The reproductive performance and larval quality of crabs from these two rearing systems should be further verified.     

沉水植物对中华绒螯蟹生长和非特异性免疫力的影响

从东太湖采集伊乐藻(Elodea canadensis)、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)、轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticilla-ta)、苦草(Vallisneria natans)、马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)5种沉水植物分别制成干粉。在基础饲料中添加15%的干粉形成5种不同的配合饲料,分别饲喂体重为(9.37±0.15)g的中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)60 d,分析沉水植物对中华绒螯蟹生长和非特异性免疫力的影响。结果显示:马来眼子菜组的中华绒螯蟹平均增重率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),饲料系数显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其余4种沉水植物组的平均增重率和饲料系数与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);各组成活率、肥满度及肝体比差异不显著(P>0.05)。沉水植物各组的蟹血清超氧化物歧化酶活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,轮叶黑藻组、伊乐藻组和苦草组的中华绒螯蟹血清溶菌酶活性显著升高(P<0.05),金鱼藻组和马来眼子菜组则差异不显著(P>0.05);除马来眼子菜组降低外,其余4种沉水植物组中华绒螯蟹对嗜水气单胞菌的抵抗力强于对照组。因此,除马来眼子菜以外的4种沉水植物对中华绒螯蟹的生长性能无明显的促进作用,但可在一定程度上提高其非特异性免疫力。     

Reproductive performance and offspring quality of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (H. Milne-Edwards) females fed an optimized formulated diet and the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta

After feeding female Eriocheir sinensis on an optimized formulated diet or fresh razor clam Sinonovacula constricta for 7 months, their reproductive performance and offspring quality were compared. To evaluate diet nutrient contents, the proximate, fatty acid and amino acid compositions of the formulated diet and the razor clam were analysed. The nutritional value of the diets was determined by assessing survival, gonadosomatic index (GSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) of female crabs from both diet treatments, together with the percentage of females that spawned, total egg production per female and fecundity (number of eggs g^?1 female wet weight). Furthermore, the quality of eggs and newly hatched larvae from the two dietary treatments were determined using the following parameters: egg diameter, wet weight and dry weight, hatchability, proximate and fatty acid profile of eggs, larval carapace length, resistant to starvation and osmotic shock, larval survival and development to the zoea II stage. Higher protein, phospholipids (PL) and amino acids (AA) contents were found in the razor clam while the formulated diet contains higher levels of ash, total lipid (TL) and 18:1n‐9, 18:2n‐6 and 22:6n‐3 fatty acids. Although female crabs fed the two different diets showed similar reproductive performances, newly hatched zoea I larvae produced by the crabs fed the formulated diet had significantly longer mean carapace length and shorter development time to the zoea II stage under identical culture condition (P<0.05). Moreover, dietary fatty acid appeared to have more significant effects on the fatty acid composition of the hepatopancreas than it did on mature ovaries or eggs. This suggests that the fatty acid profile of mature ovaries is indicative of the specific fatty acid required for ovarian development in E. sinensis. In conclusion, our results show that the optimized formulated diet developed in this laboratory can totally replace the razor clam, a broodstock food widely used in E. sinensis hatcheries in China. This encouraging result should facilitate more reliable hatchery production of this important aquaculture species.     

配饵中能量蛋白比与中华绒螫蟹生长之间的关系

在水簇箱中,用体重１９￣２５ｇ的中华绒螯蟹（Ｅｒｉｏｃｈｅｉｒ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）对配饵中蛋白质的能蛋比与蟹生长之间的关系进行了研究,蛋白质设定为３６％、４０％和４４％３个水平,能蛋比设定了４０、４５和５０ｋＪ／ｋｇ３个水平,每个水平各有６个重复。结果表明,配饵中的粗蛋白含量和能量蛋白比与蟹体生长、蛋白增加量和饲料系数存在着显著的相关关系（Ｐ〈０．０５）,蟹体的生长,ＳＧＲ和ＰＥＲ随饲料中蛋白质含