蟋蟀粉替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、肌肉氨基酸组成和血清生化指标的影响

为研究蟋蟀(Gryllus bimaculatus)粉替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)幼鱼生长性能、肌肉成分和血清生化指标的影响,以黄颡鱼幼鱼[(2.0±0.13) g]为研究对象,分别使用蟋蟀粉替代0 (对照组)、15%、30%、45%和60%的鱼粉配制成5组等氮等能的实验饲料,分别记为T0、T15、T30、T45和T60组。实验幼鱼在室内循环水系统进行为期10周的养殖实验。结果显示,随着蟋蟀粉替代量的增加,黄颡鱼幼鱼生长呈先增加后降低的趋势;T30组的终末均重(FBW)、增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)最高,且均显著高于T0组;T30组的饲料系数(FCR)显著低于T0和T15组;T30的肝体比(HSI)显著高于T0和T15,而与T45和T60组无显著差异。与T0组相比,各替代组的脏体比(VSI)、摄食量(FI)、肥满度(CF)和成活率(SR)均无显著差异。黄颡鱼幼鱼肌肉必需氨基酸(EAA)含量中,T60组肌肉中精氨酸(Arg)和缬氨酸(Val)含量显著高于T0组;且蟋蟀粉替代不同比例的鱼粉对黄颡鱼幼鱼肌肉中的总呈味氨基酸(TFAA)含量均未产生显著影响。T30、T45和T60组血清中的葡萄糖(GLU)含量显著高于T0组;相反,其总胆固醇(TCHO)含量显著低于T0组。在本研究条件下,蟋蟀粉替代不同比例的鱼粉不影响黄颡鱼幼鱼的生长性能和肌肉氨基酸含量,且能增加血清GLU和降低TCHO含量,以30%的蟋蟀粉替代鱼粉比例能生长最佳,且优于对照组。本研究对揭示蟋蟀粉在黄颡鱼饲料中替代鱼粉应用的可行性、为今后昆虫蛋白源在水产饲料中的开发提供科学依据。     

四倍体泥鳅、二倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅营养成分分析

利用常规肌肉营养分析方法测定了四倍体泥鳅、二倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅的肌肉营养成分。结果表明：四倍体泥鳅、二倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅肌肉中（鲜重）蛋白质含量分别为18．68％、18．69％和18．20％;脂肪含量分别为0．796％、0．106％和1．203％;水分含量分别为79．81％、79．52％和78．40％;灰分含量分别为0．951％、1．188％和1．162％。三种泥鳅肌肉中都含有常见的17种氨基酸,其中包括9种人体必需氨基酸;氨基酸总量（占鲜重）分别为17．57％、18．11％和17．47％;必需氨基酸总量分别为7．84％、7．98％和7．76％;必需氨基酸的构成比例符合FAO／WHO的标准。鲜味氨基酸含量分别为6．98％、7．33％和6．95％。经比较分析,四倍体泥鳅和二倍体泥鳅肌肉中蛋白质含量、17种氨基酸含量、氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸总量均很接近,但都明显高于大鳞副泥鳅。     

酶解磷虾粉替代鱼粉对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长性能、体组成及血清生化的影响

以酶解磷虾粉分别替代基础饲料中0(T0)、10％(T10)、20％(T20)、30％(T30)、40％(T40)、50％(T50)的鱼粉,配制6种等氮等能的饲料,研究饲料中酶解磷虾粉替代鱼粉对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长性能、体组成、血液生化指标、抗氧化性能及氟残留的影响.选取初始均重为(57.80±0.28)g的珍珠龙胆石斑幼鱼360尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,试验周期为56 d.结果显示,(1) T30组的增重率、特定生长率和摄食率均显著高于T0组(P＜0.05);在替代量大于20％时,饲料干物质表观消化率显著高于T0组()＜0.05);各替代组的饲料系数、肥满度、肝体比、蛋白质效率、蛋白质消化率与T0组无显著差异(P＞0.05).(2)各替代组全鱼和肌肉水分、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量与T0组无显著差异(P＞0.05);T30组肌肉粗蛋白质含量显著高于T0组(P＜0.05).(3)各组间血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总蛋白、白蛋白、碱性磷酸酶、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白含量无显著差异(p0.05);T30组尿素氮含量显著低于T0组(P＜0.05);各替代组低密度脂蛋白含量显著高于T0组(P＜0.05).(4)酶解磷虾粉替代鱼粉显著升高了珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼血清和肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶及血清超氧化物歧化酶的活力(P＜0.05),同时,显著降低了血清和肝脏中丙二醛含量(P＜0.05).(5)各组肌肉氟含量均在可检测范围以下,各组间骨骼氟含量随着替代比例的升高而升高,各组差异显著(P＜0.05).研究表明,综合考虑生长性能、体成分、生化指标及抗氧化性能,酶解磷虾粉可替代珍珠龙胆石斑鱼饲料中40％以下的鱼粉,替代量为30％时效果最佳.     

四倍体和二倍体泥鳅及大鳞副泥鳅营养成分分析

利用常规肌肉营养分析方法测定了四倍体泥鳅、二倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅的肌肉营养成分。结果表明: 四倍体泥鳅、二倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅肌肉中蛋白质含量(鲜重) 分别为18. 68%、18. 69%和18. 20%; 脂肪含量分别为0. 796%、0. 106%和1. 203%; 水分含量分别为79. 81%、79. 52%和78. 40%; 灰分含量分别为0. 951%、11188%和1. 162%。3种泥鳅肌肉中都含有常见的17种氨基酸, 其中包括9种人体必需氨基酸。氨基酸总量(占鲜重)分别为17. 57%、18. 11%和17. 47%; 必需氨基酸总量分别为7. 84%、7. 98% 和7. 76%, 必需氨基酸的构成比例符合FAO /WHO 的标准。鲜味氨基酸含量分别为6. 98%、7. 33%和6. 95%。经比较分析, 四倍体泥鳅和二倍体泥鳅肌肉中蛋白质含量、17种氨基酸含量、氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸总量均很接近, 但都明显高于大鳞副泥鳅。     

四倍体和二倍体泥鳅及大鳞副泥鳅营养成分分析

利用常规肌肉营养分析方法测定了四倍体泥鳅、二倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅的肌肉营养成分.结果表明:四倍体泥鳅、二倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅肌肉中蛋白质含量(鲜重)分别为18.68%、18.69%和18.20%;脂肪含量分别为0.796%、0.106%和1.203%;水分含量分别为79.81%、79.52%和78.40%;灰分含量分别为0.951%、1.188%和1.162%.3种泥鳅肌肉中都含有常见的17种氨基酸,其中包括9种人体必需氨基酸.氨基酸总量(占鲜重)分别为17.57%、18.11%和17.47%;必需氨基酸总量分别为7.84%、7.98%和7.76%,必需氨基酸的构成比例符合FAO/WHO的标准.鲜味氨基酸含量分别为6.98%、7.33%和6.95%.经比较分析,四倍体泥鳅和二倍体泥鳅肌肉中蛋白质含量、17种氨基酸含量、氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸总量均很接近,但都明显高于大鳞副泥鳅.     

大鳞副泥鳅生长优秀家系筛选以及基因型对生长性能的影响

本试验构建了11个大鳞副泥鳅家系,并进行了生长性能优秀家系的筛选,利用生长相关SSR标记对各家系进行生长性状与基因型相关分析,探究不同基因型对生长性能的影响。结果显示AB2013F-7、AB2013F-89、AB2013F-45等家系的体质量、体长和全长均值显著(P0.05)大于其他家系,其中AB2013F-7家系各生长指标均值最大;以上三个家系117 d内的绝对增重率也表现最好,分别为0.068、0.051和0.048 g/d。对各家系基因型进行分析,显示各家系所拥有优势基因型的数量与生长性状均值大小成正相关,含生长相关标记优势基因型的数量越多,家系的生长性能表现越优秀。     

大豆浓缩蛋白替代鱼粉对大黄鱼幼鱼生长、体成分、血清生化指标及肝组织学的影响

为探索大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)替代鱼粉水平对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)幼鱼生长、体成分和血清生化指标以及肝组织学的影响。以初始体重为(10.50±0.04)g的大黄鱼幼鱼为研究对象,用SPC替代基础饲料(含40%鱼粉)0%(FM)、25%(R25)、50%(R50)、75%(R75)、100%(R100)的鱼粉制作成5种等氮(粗蛋白水平为45%)等脂(粗脂肪水平为10%)的实验饲料。各实验组以对照组(FM)饲料蛋氨酸、赖氨酸含量为基准,分别添加适量的晶体赖氨酸和蛋氨酸。养殖实验在浙江省象山县西沪港区进行,每个处理随机分配3个网箱(1.5 m×1.5 m×2 m),每个网箱放养60尾,养殖周期为56 d。结果表明,与对照组相比(FM),SPC替代鱼粉水平对大黄鱼幼鱼的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、存活率(SR)以及饲料系数(FCR)没有显著影响(P0.05);肌肉粗蛋白和全鱼粗蛋白无显著差异(P0.05),肌肉粗脂肪和全鱼粗脂肪含量随替代比例的增加有下降的趋势,均以R100组含量最低,肌肉水分含量和全鱼水分有上升的趋势;血清各项指标没有显著性差异,但血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)含量有下降趋势,以R100组含量最低;血清胆固醇(CHOL)、甘油三酯(TG)的含量呈现出先升高后下降的趋势。从肝组织学观察中发现,SPC替代水平超过75%会对肝细胞产生损伤,引起肝细胞空泡化,脂肪堆积加重,肝细胞核逐渐溶解或缺失。综上所述,在本研究条件下,SPC替代饲料75%的鱼粉,不会对大黄鱼幼鱼的生长造成负面影响。     

泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅年龄与生长的比较研究

对武汉地区的泥鳅与大鳞副泥鳅进行了常规的生物学测定.泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅的体长与鳞径均呈直线相关,L泥鳅=23.995+96.095R, r=0.904;L副泥鳅=9.919+69.053R, r=0.990.2种鳅体长与体重均呈幂函数的增长关系,W泥鳅=2.360×10-6L3.253,r=0.998;W副泥鳅=4.629×10-6L3.126,r=0.997.泥鳅的生长特性与大鳞副泥鳅基本一致,相同年龄中,泥鳅体长增加略大于大鳞副泥鳅.应用Von Bertalanffy生长方程拟合该两种鱼的一般生长规律,计算得出的生长参数,泥鳅为L∞=286.5 mm,k=0.159 9,t0=-0.996 8 a;大鳞副泥鳅为L∞=294.4 mm,k=0.133 0,t0=-1.211 5 a.     

脱脂黑水虻虫粉替代鱼粉对大黄鱼幼鱼生长、体成分、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响

本实验旨在探讨脱脂黑水虻(Hermetia illucens)虫粉(DBSFLM)替代鱼粉(FM)对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)幼鱼生长、体成分、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响。实验设计6组等氮(粗蛋白45%)等脂(粗脂肪10%)饲料,用黑水虻脱脂虫粉分别替代饲料中0%、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%的鱼粉蛋白,分别记为G0、G20、G40、G60、G80和G100。选用2160尾平均体重为(50.08±3.31)g的大黄鱼幼鱼随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复120尾,在室内水泥池(2 m×1 m×1 m)进行为期7周的投喂实验。结果表明:(1) G100组大黄鱼幼鱼存活率显著低于其他实验组, G40组大黄鱼增重率(WGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)均显著高于其他组(P0.05);(2)大黄鱼肌肉粗蛋白含量随着DBSFLM替代FM水平的增加而下降,替代40%及以上鱼体粗蛋白含量显著降低(P0.05);肌肉的粗脂肪和粗灰分含量则随DBSFLM替代FM水平的增加而升高,其中替代60%及以上鱼体粗脂肪和粗灰分含量显著升高(P0.05);(3)随着替代水平的升高(40%),大黄鱼血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著上升(P0.05),甘油三酯(TG)和胆固醇(CHOL)水平显著下降(P0.05);(4)G20组大黄鱼肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及G40组实验鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均为最高,G40组大黄鱼肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量最低。过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性随着DBSFLM替代FM水平升高呈现下降趋势,替代40%及以上CAT活性显著下降(P0.05)。综上所述,在本实验条件下,脱脂黑水虻虫粉替代饲料中40%鱼粉蛋白对大黄鱼幼鱼的生长性能、体成分及健康状况无负面影响。     

A comprehensive evaluation of replacing fishmeal with housefly (Musca domestica) maggot meal in the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): growth performance,flesh quality,innate immunity and water environment

A 10‐week feeding trial of using housefly (Musca domestica) maggot meal (MM) in practical feeds for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was conducted to assess the growth performance, ingredient utilization, flesh quality, innate immunity and its influence on water environment. Fish were fed five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets, where fishmeal (FM) was substituted by MM at the level of 0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 g kg^‐1 diet (remaining FM content: 360, 270, 180, 90 and 0 g kg^‐1). There was no significant difference in feed intake and apparent digestibility coefficient between the treatments. Replacing up to 270 g kg^‐1 FM did not have an impact on the growth performance and ingredient utilization, whereas the complete replacement of FM caused significantly lower survival rate, weight gain, specific growth rate and higher feed conversion rate. Dietary MM was also proved positively influential in flesh quality, whereas replacing 180 g kg^‐1 or more FM suppressed the innate immunity of tilapia. When compared by the effects on the water environment, the increasing substitute levels were accompanied with the declining concentrations of nitrite nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water. Our study verified the feasibility of using MM as a partial substitute of FM in aquatic feed. When replacing 180 g kg^‐1 FM (corresponding to half of the FM content in control diet) in the diet of Nile tilapia, it can serve as a renewable and environmentally superior alternative without compromising the performance criteria.     

Effects of dietary astaxanthin on the growth,innate immunity and antioxidant defence system of Paramisgurnus dabryanus

The effects of astaxanthin supplementationon the growth, innate immunity and antioxidant defence system of loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) were investigated in this study. A total of 450 fish (initial average weights of 3.00 ± 0.10 g) were fed five diets with graded levels of astaxanthin (0.00, 50.00, 100.00, 150.00 and 200.00 mg/kg) for 56 days. The results showed that astaxanthin supplementation significantly stimulated the growth (FBW, WG, FER, HSI), innate immunity (AKP activity in the hepatopancreas, intestinal tract, muscle and skin and LZM activity in the hepatopancreas, intestinal tract and skin), antioxidant ability (T‐SOD, GSH‐PX and CAT activities and T‐AOC, GSH and MDA contents in the hepatopancreas, intestinal tract, muscle and skin) of loach. Moreover, dietary astaxanthin supplementation significantly up‐regulated the relative mRNA levels of Nrf2 and Maf, and down‐regulated the relative mRNA level of Keap1 in the hepatopancreas when the supplementation levels of astaxanthin were 50–200 mg/kg. In conclusion, the diets with 100–151.06 mg/kg astaxanthin supplementation were optimal for loach, which based on the growth, immunity and antioxidant‐related indicators, and the astaxanthin supplementation regulated the antioxidant ability partially referring to Keap1‐Nrf2 signallings.     

Growth performance of juvenile kuruma shrimp,Marsupenaeus japonicus (Bate) fed diets replacing fishmeal with soybean meal

A feeding trail was conducted to evaluate the effect of lowering dietary fishmeal (FM) levels while increasing levels of dehulled soybean meal (SBM) on growth, nutrient utilization and body composition of juvenile kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicas. Five experimental diets were formulated to be isoenergetic, isolipidic and isonitrogenous with decreasing FM levels from 40 to 16% while increasing SBM from 0 to 33% respectively. Quadruplicate groups of shrimp (initial wt = 1.5 g) were fed the test diets for 56 days under the flow‐through system. There were no significant differences in final weight (g) and specific growth rate (SGR, % day) among shrimp fed FM40, FM34, FM28 and FM22 diets respectively. Growth parameters significantly decreased in shrimp when fed FM16 diet, which was the lowest level of FM. Feed intake was positively correlated with the SGR of shrimp, and the lowest one was found in shrimp fed FM16 diet. Protein gain and retention, whole body lipid, arginine and methionine significantly decreased in FM16 fed group. Thus, it is concluded that dietary FM could be reduced down to 22% with SBM without compromising growth, nutrient utilization and retention, and whole body composition of kuruma shrimp.     

杜仲对凡纳滨对虾生长、血清非特异性免疫和肌肉成分的影响

在基础饲料中分别添加0.0%(对照组)、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%和3.0%的杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides), 饲喂体质量为(7.5±0.2) g的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei), 实验共分5个处理组, 每处理组4个重复, 每重复40尾虾。经过42 d养殖, 各处理组均有较高的存活率, 且无显著差异(P>0.05); 2.0%杜仲组的虾体增重率最高(136.1%), 饲料系数最低(1.33), 较对照组提高增重率9.8%(P<0.05), 降低饲料系数0.13(P<0.05); 饲料中添加0.5%、1.0%杜仲, 显著提高了对虾血清LSZ、PO活性, 添加1.0%杜仲, 显著降低了血清MDA含量, 提高了肝胰腺蛋白酶活性(P<0.05); 攻毒实验结果表明, 以溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)肌肉注射虾体后96 h, 0.5%、1.0%、2.0%杜仲组的虾体死亡率均较对照组显著降低(P<0.05); 在肌肉成分方面, 添加2.0%、3.0%杜仲显著提高了肌肉胶原蛋白含量, 各处理在肌肉水分、灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量方面没有显著差异。上述研究表明, 在凡纳滨对虾饲料中添加杜仲2.0%, 可显著改善生产性能, 提高肌肉胶原蛋白含量; 在饲料中添加杜仲0.5%～1.0%, 可提高凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫能力。本研究旨在考察杜仲对凡纳滨对虾生长、血清非特异性免疫和肌肉成分的影响, 为杜仲在对虾饲料中的合理应用提供科学依据。

     

不同糖源对达氏鲟幼鱼生长、体成分及生理生化指标的影响

分别以糊精、小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉、α-淀粉(预糊化玉米淀粉)、蔗糖、葡萄糖为糖源,配制6种等氮等能的半纯化饲料,喂养达氏鲟(Acipenser dabryanus)幼鱼(68.05 g±1.63 g)8周,研究饲料中糖源对达氏鲟幼鱼生长性能、体成分及生理生化指标的影响。结果发现糊精、小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉、α-淀粉组实验鱼饲料效率和蛋白质效率显著高于蔗糖和葡萄糖组(P0.05),玉米淀粉组实验鱼增重率、特定生长率和饲料效率最高。不同糖源对达氏鲟肥满度影响不显著(P0.05),而对肝体比和脏体比均影响显著(P0.05)。肝体比和脏体比最高的为葡萄糖组,最低的为小麦淀粉组。小麦淀粉组全鱼、肌肉和肝中粗蛋白含量最高,葡萄糖组全鱼和肌肉的粗蛋白含量最低且均显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。糊精、蔗糖和葡萄糖组全鱼和肌肉粗脂肪显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。α-淀粉组肝糖原显著高于其他各组(P0.05),α-淀粉组和葡萄糖组肌糖原显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。肝和血液中甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量和肌体和血液中糖水平呈正相关。不同糖源对达氏鲟消化道消化酶和肝丙酮酸激酶、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸激酶活性影响显著(P0.05),对肝己糖激酶、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶活性影响不显著(P0.05)。研究结果表明,在饲料中添加玉米淀粉作为糖源更有利于达氏鲟幼鱼生长。     

复合蛋白源替代鱼粉对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长性能、生理代谢和生化组成的影响

文章研究了复合蛋白源替代饲料中不同水平(0%、16.67%、33.33%、50%和66.67%,分别记为饲料1~#～5~#)的鱼粉对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)幼蟹成活、生长、生理代谢和生化组成的影响。结果显示:1)随着鱼粉替代水平增加,幼蟹终末体质量、增重率、特定生长率和肝胰腺指数均呈先升后降的趋势,2~#组最高(P<0.05);2)肝胰腺中的谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活力和丙二醛含量均为4~#组最高,而超氧化物歧化酶活力在1~#组最高(P<0.05);血清中的谷丙转氨酶活力在5~#组最高,甘油三酯含量和超氧化物歧化酶活力则以4~#组最高,而丙二醛含量在2~#组最高(P<0.05);3) 1~#组躯体的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均显著高于其他组,而总碳水化合物含量在2~#组最高(P<0.05)。躯体半胱氨酸含量在4~#组最高,而其他氨基酸与总氨基酸含量均在2~#组最高(P<0.05)。结果表明,饲料中过高的鱼粉替代水平(33%～67%)会降低中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长性能和躯体营养物质的积累,对生理代谢产生不良影响,建议中华绒螯蟹幼蟹饲料中复合蛋白源替代鱼粉的比例为16.67%。     

饲料蛋白水平对达氏鲟幼鱼生长性能、体组成、消化酶活性以及血液生化指标的影响

为了解达氏鲟(Acipenser dabryanus)幼鱼适宜的饲料蛋白质水平,试验选取平均初始体重为(400.68±8.55)g的健康达氏鲟幼鱼为试验对象,在室内流水系统中进行为期8周的摄食生长实验。试验鱼随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,分别饲喂蛋白质水平为30%、35%、40%、45%、50%的5种等脂等能饲料。试验期间,水流量为6 L/min,水温(24.0±1.0)℃,溶氧大于6.0 mg/L,氨氮小于0.02 mg/L。结果显示:增重率随饲料蛋白水平的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势,饲料系数呈现相反的趋势。蛋白质效率随饲料蛋白水平的增加呈先平缓后下降的趋势。各试验组间肥满度无显著差异。肝体比和脏体比随饲料蛋白水平的增加而下降。各试验组间甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量无显著差异,饲料蛋白水平为50%的试验组的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活力显著高于其他试验组。本试验中胃蛋白酶活力与饲料蛋白水平呈正相关关系,淀粉酶活力呈负相关关系,脂肪酶在各试验组无显著差异。鱼体蛋白和脂肪含量均随饲料蛋白水平的增加而增加。分别对增重率、饲料系数这二者与饲料蛋白水平之间的关系进行二次回归分析,得出达氏鲟幼鱼饲料中适宜的蛋白水平为41.5%~42.97%。     

Effect of replacing fishmeal with canola meal on growth and nutrient utilization in kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus (Bate)

A feeding trial was conducted to assess the nutritional values of canola meal as a substitute for fishmeal in diets for kuruma shrimp using five isocaloric diets (190 kJ kg^?1) prepared by replacing 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of fishmeal protein with canola meal protein in CM0, CM10, CM20, CM30 and CM40 diets respectively. Triplicate groups of juveniles (0.19 g) were fed the respective diets for 60 days in tanks. At the end of trial, weight gain (%) and specific growth rate (% day^?1) were not significantly (P > 0.05) different among shrimp fed CM0, CM10 and CM20 diets. However, growth was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in shrimp fed CM30 and CM40 diets. As with growth performance, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were also decreased (P < 0.05) in CM30 and CM40 groups. Whole body dry matter, methionine and proline were significantly decreased with canola meal substitution levels. In general, retention efficiency of protein and indispensible amino acids were decreased as canola meal increased in diets. It may be concluded that 20% fishmeal protein can be successfully replaced with canola meal, while supplementation of amino acids or blending with complementary proteins could facilitate higher fishmeal replacements in kuruma shrimp diets.     

Effects of soybean meal replacement with fermented soybean meal on growth,serum biochemistry and morphological condition of liver and distal intestine of Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus

This study evaluated the suitability of commercially produced fermented soybean meal (FSBM) known as PepSoyGen?, in a plant‐based diet for Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus fingerlings. An 8‐week growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing 0, 206, 309 and 410 g/kg FSBM, replacing approximately 0%, 50%, 75% and 100% SBM (designated as Basal, FSBM 50, FSBM 75 and FSBM 100, respectively) on growth performance, body composition, serum biochemistry and morphological condition of liver and distal intestine of Florida pompano. There were no significant differences in final mean weight, percentage weight gain, thermal unit growth coefficient and feed conversion ratio in all treatments. For serum biochemistry analysis, there were no significant differences in total protein, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, bile acids, plasma alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in all treatments. Cellular infiltration, presence of goblet cells and the width of lamina propria in the distal intestine were partly improved in fish fed FSBM 75 and 100 compared to the fish fed FSBM 50 and basal diet. Glycogen granulation, inflammation and nuclear change condition in the liver of pompano were better as the inclusion of fermented product increased. Results of this study indicate that FSBM can be utilized as an alternative protein source and microbial fermentation process could improve the functional properties of SBM.