LRH-A_3对全奶母牦牛的诱导发情效果和作用机理初探

本研究初步探讨了促性腺素释放激素类似物 (LRH A3 )对全奶母牦牛 (在当年 4～ 6月份产犊的泌乳母牦牛 )的诱导发情排卵效果及机理。 1998年 7月对试验组 (n =2 0 )母牦牛注射LRH A3 (30 0 μg/头 ) ,对照组 (n =42 )未作任何处理。9月 15日前用普通牛公牛配种 ,9月 15日后用公牦牛补配。 1999年产犊率为试验组 5 0 .0 % (10 / 2 0 ) ,对照组 2 8.6 %(2 0 / 42 ) ,试验组和对照组差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1)。对 5头母牦牛在注射LRH A3 前 30min及注射后 30 ,45和 6 0min血清中促黄体素 (LH)浓度测定以进一步探明全奶母牦牛诱导发情第一情期受胎率低的原因。结果发现 ,虽然注射LRH A3后 6 0min全奶母牦牛血清中LH浓度显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但该峰值 (3.34± 0 .6 7ng/ml,n =5 )未达到自然发情排卵的LH峰值 (17.182 9± 2 .1174ng/ml)。     

LRH—A3诱导初情期前母猪发情排卵的效果和机理研究

本研究探讨了ＬＲＨ－Ａ３诱导初情期前北京黑猪发情排卵的效果及其内分泌机理。对６头１５０日龄母猪肌注ＬＲＨ－Ａ３，７５μｇ／头。在注射后０，１，２，３和４ｈ及注射后１，２，３和４ｄ采血测定ＬＨ，ＦＳＨ，Ｅ２和Ｐ４浓度。注射后１０ｄ取卵巢，根据卵巢上黄体数计算排卵率。结果表明：注射ＬＲＨ－Ａ３后，出现排卵和卵巢囊肿的母猪分别为４头（６６．７％）和２头（３３．７％）。４头排卵母猪中的３头和２头卵巢囊肿母     

LRH—A3,hCG和PMSG对体外培养条件下牦牛垂体组织LH和FSH分泌的调节

促卵泡素３号（ＬＲＨ－Ａ３）、人绒毛膜促性腺激素（ｈＣＧ）和孕马血清促性腺激素（ＰＭＳＧ）等３种外源性激素均可增加体外培养条件下牦牛垂体组织分泌ＬＨ和ＦＳＨ的能力。培养液中ＬＨ和ＦＳＨ含量与加入的ＬＲＨ－Ａ３量呈正相关，与加入的ＰＭＳＧ和ｈＣ的量无显著关系。     

LRH－A_3诱导初情期前母猪发情排卵的效果和机理研究

本研究探讨了ＬＲＨ－Ａ３诱导初情期前北京黑猪发情排卵的效果及其内分泌机理。对６头１５０日龄母猪肌注ＬＲＨ－Ａ３，７５μｇ／头。在注射后０，１，２，３和４ｈ及注射后１，２，３和４ｄ采血测定ＬＨ、ＦＳＨ、Ｅ２和Ｐ４浓度。注射后１０ｄ取卵巢，根据卵巢上黄体数计算排卵率。结果表明：注射ＬＲＨ－Ａ３后，出现排卵和卵巢囊肿的母猪分别为４头（６６．７％）和２头（３３．７％）。４头排卵母猪中的３头和２头卵巢囊肿母猪中的１头有发情表现。排卵的母猪，分别在注射后１ｈ和３ｈ出现ＬＨ和ＦＳＨ峰；注射后２ｄＥ２浓度最高，３ｄ和４ｄＰ４浓度上升。发生卵巢囊肿的母猪，注射后１ｈ出现明显低于排卵母猪的ＬＨ峰，而ＦＳＨ浓度没有上升，Ｅ２和Ｐ４在３ｄ和４ｄ都增加。通过试验认为，初情期前母猪的卵巢对ＬＲＨ－Ａ３至少有两种反应，即排卵或卵巢囊肿。     

LRH─A3、hCG和PMSG对体外培养条件下牦牛垂体组织LH和FSH分泌的调节

促卵泡素３号（ＬＲＨ－Ａ３）、人绒毛膜促性腺激素（ｈＣＧ）和孕马血清促性腺激素（ＰＭＳＧ）等３种外源性激素均可增加体外培养条件下牦牛垂体组织分泌ＬＨ和ＦＳＨ的能力。培养液中ＬＨ和ＦＳＨ含量与加入的ＬＲＨ－Ａ３量呈正相关，与加入的ＰＭＳＧ和ｈＣＧ的量无显著关系     

GnRH类似物LRH—A3配合FSH对超排母牛胚胎质量的影响

对４５头供体母牛随机用ＦＳＨ＋ＬＲＨ－Ａ３和ＦＳＨ进行超排处理。其中ＦＳＨ＋ＬＲＨ－Ａ３处理供体５２头次，ＦＳＨ处理供体２２头次；ＦＳＨ＋ＬＲＨ－Ａ３头处理组平均获得卵数，可用胚胎数分别是１０．１±８．０枚，７．４±６．９枚，与ＦＳＨ处理组（二指标分别是９．３±６．２枚，３．６±２．７）相比，分别高８．６％，１０５．６％，且二组超排获得可用胚胎数差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

补饲对母牦牛同期发情处理的效果分析

为了对不同繁殖体况的母牦牛采取不同程度的补饲方案,研究补饲对母牦牛同期发情处理后发情和受胎的影响,从而探讨环湖地区牦牛繁殖率低下的形成机理及解决方案。试验选用青海省环湖地区3～10岁营养体况相近的受体母牦牛352头,按试验要求随机将青年牛、经产牛分为3组,分别补饲0,0.5,1.0 kg饲料,补饲时间为3个月,补饲结束后实施同期发情试验和定时授精,授精后40～60 d采用直肠检查法检查受胎情况。结果表明:补饲前与补饲后相比青年牛、经产牛营养状况差异显著(P<0.05),不同卵巢机能状态对母牦牛的发情率和受胎率的影响差异极显著(P<0.01),补饲Ⅱ组和补饲Ⅰ组青年牛、经产牛的发情率和受胎率与对照组相比差异极显著(P<0.01),补饲Ⅱ组与补饲Ⅰ组青年牛、经产牛同期发情处理后的发情率和受胎率与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。说明母牦牛体内营养储备状况是制约牦牛繁殖率的关键因素,在传统的放牧条件下通过适度补饲能够改善母牦牛的繁殖体况和卵巢机能状态,可明显提高母牦牛的发情率和受胎率。     

补饲对母牦牛的同期发情试验及适时授精后的效果分析

2009年8月初,对青海贵南县126头3-10岁受体母牦牛实施了同期发情试验,分别采用放置阴道栓和生殖激素肌肉注射法相结合的方法,并通过对所选取的受体母牦牛采取不同程度的补饲方案,结果表明补饲组Ⅰ发情率达到91．83％,受胎率达到77．56％,补饲组Ⅱ发情率达81．44％,受胎率达到77．11％,对照组发情率达到59．38％,受胎率达到53．13％;补饲组Ⅰ比对照组的发情率提高32．45百分点,受胎率提高24．43百分点;补饲组Ⅱ比对照组的发情率提高25．06百分点,受胎率提高17．78百分点。     

不同卵巢机能状态及胎次对母牦牛同期发情效果的影响

在青海省环湖地区390头3～10岁繁殖体况不同的母牦牛中,研究了不同繁殖卵巢机能状态及胎次,母牦牛同期发情效果的影响。结果表明:初产青年母牦牛与经产母牦牛中隔年犊牛组与当年产犊牛组的排卵率及妊娠率有显著差异(P<0.05),经产母牦牛中无黄体卵泡组与有卵泡组和有黄体组排卵率及妊娠率有显著差异(P<0.05)。研究表明,年龄和胎次及卵巢的机能状态对母牦牛的同期发情处理效果有较大影响。通过生殖激素处理,能够明显改善母牦牛的生殖机能状态,从而提高母牦牛的发情及排卵效果。     

Effect of Progesterone Prior to GnRH-PGF2α Treatment on Induction of Oestrus and Pregnancy in Anoestrous Awassi Ewes

An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of progesterone prior to a GnRH‐PGF_2α treatment on oestrus and pregnancy in seasonally anoestrous Awassi ewes. Twenty‐four ewes were randomly assigned to three groups to be pre‐treated with 60 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate sponges (group A), 600 mg progesterone sponges (group B) or blank sponges (group C) for 4 days. All ewes were injected with 100 μg of GnRH 24 h after sponge removal followed, 5 days later, by 20 mg PGF_2α injection. Ewes were exposed to three fertile rams at the time of PGF_2α injection (day 0, 0 h) and were checked for breeding marks at 6‐h intervals for 5 days. Blood samples were collected from all ewes 1 day (day ?10) prior to sponge insertion, at the time of sponge removal (day ?6), 1 day following sponge removal (day ?5, at the time of GnRH injection) and at the time of PGF_2α injection (day 0) for analysis of progesterone. Progesterone concentrations on days ?10 and ?5 were basal and averaged 0.2 ± 0.04 and 0.2 ± 0.2 ng/ml, respectively. Progesterone concentrations on day ?6 were elevated only in group B ewes and were higher (p < 0.0001) than those of groups A and C. Progesterone concentrations on day 0 were higher (p = 0.002) in groups A and B than group C. Oestrous responses occurred only in ewes of groups A and B (p > 0.05). Induced oestrus conception rate was greater (p < 0.01) in group A than groups B and C. Ewes returned to oestrus 17–20 days following day 0 were two of eight, six of eight and three of eight of groups A, B and C, respectively, all of which eventually lambed. The overall lambing rate was 82% in progesterone‐primed ewes compared with only 38% non‐progesterone‐primed ewes (p < 0.05). Progesterone priming apparently sensitizes GnRH‐PGF_2α‐treated seasonally anoestrous ewes and increases their response in oestrus and pregnancy rates.     

两种方法治疗母牦牛乏情的比较研究

选择30头空怀1年的乏情母牦牛，随机分成2组，第1组用传统的藏兽医方法进行治疗；第2组用孕马血清促性腺激素（PMSG）和绒毛模促性腺激素（HCG）进行治疗。结果表明，第1组发情率为33．3％，第2组发情率为55．6％，第2组发情率比第1组高22．3％（P＜0．05）。     

母牛的发情特征与发情鉴定

外部行为特征观察法是母牛发情鉴定中最常用的方法,辅助行为特征和生理特征对母牛的发情鉴定也非常重要。应用发情特征综合评分可提高母牛发情鉴定率,评分较高的发情牛受胎率也较高。同时改善周围环境、加强泌乳牛体质等有助于提高母牛的发情鉴定率。本文从上述几方面对母牛的发情特征与发情鉴定技术进行阐述,为生产实践提供一定的依据。     

Detection of Oestrus in Bunaji Cows under Field Conditions

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of some aids for detectiong oestrus in 72 Bunaji cows synchronized using two injections of prostaglandin F₂ (PGF₂) 13 days apart. Blood samples to determine the accuracy of the aids and ovarian activity by radioimmunoassay technique were collected daily from the day of the second PGF₂ injection until oestrus or for 168 hours for `non-responders'. The aids for detecting oestrus, tail painting, KaMar detectors and a chin-ball mating device (CMD) were applied at the time of the second injection.The oestrus response rate was 73.6% and 61.1%, from the serum progesterone concentration and visual observation, respectively. Based on the total number of oestrus events observed, unaided visual observation, tail painting, KaMar and CMD detected 52.2%, 82.6%, 82.6% and 76.8%, respectively. Visual observation of standing oestrus alone failed to detect 47.8% of the occurrence of oestrus as shown by the concentration of progesterone in the serum and 30.4%, 30.4% and 24.6%, respectively, of the oestrus periods recorded by tail painting, KaMar and CMD. Twenty-eight cows showed abnormalities in progesterone concentration.These investigations showed that oestrus may be detected by using the aids in cows that have been regarded as `anoestrous' by visual observation of standing heat.     

发酵中药渣对犊牛生长发育和健康状况的影响

[目的]为研究发酵中药渣对犊牛生长发育、健康状况的影响。[方法]在宁夏固原市肉牛良种繁育示范园随机选取150头犊牛作为试验牛群,采用配对试验设计,试验分为对照组和发酵中药渣组。[结果]日粮中添加发酵中药渣,犊牛采食量增加0.09 kg,日增重增加0.09 kg,料重比(F/G)减少0.06 kg;体重多增加5.2 kg,提高4.4% ,体高、胸围、体斜长分别增长 4.2 cm、5.6 cm、4.4cm,分别提高了4.5%、5.1%、4.1%;试验组滨州筛第 1,2 层筛上物比例下降,说明犊牛消化能力增加,饲料消化率提高;血液总蛋白和白蛋白含量均显著高于对照组;谷丙转氨酶含量显著低于对照组;谷胱甘肽、过氧化物歧化酶、免疫球蛋白G含量显著高于对照组。[结论]在犊牛日粮中添加发酵中药渣可增加犊牛的采食量和日增重,提高饲料报酬,提高血清总蛋白,降低谷丙转氨酶水平,增加过氧化物歧化酶活性,提高犊牛免疫力。     

Aquagrams of Raw Milk for Oestrus Detection in Dairy Cows

The purpose of this research was to develop rapid and cost‐effective method for oestrus detection in dairy cows by means of near infrared spectroscopy and aquaphotomics, using raw milk from individual cows. We found that aquaphotomics approach showed consistent specific water spectral pattern of milk at the oestrus periods of the investigated Holstein cows. Characteristic changes were detected especially in foremilk collected at morning milking. They were reflected in calculated aquagrams of milk spectra where distinctive spectral pattern of oestrus showed increased light absorbance of strongly hydrogen‐bonded water. Results showed that monitoring of raw milk near infrared spectra provides an opportunity for analysing hormone levels indirectly, through the changes of water spectral pattern caused by complex physiological changes related to fertile periods.     

Comparison of Oestrous Intensity between Natural Oestrus and Oestrus Induced with Ovsynch Based Treatments in Japanese Black Cows

The aim of this study was to examine the possible differences of oestrous intensity between natural oestrus and induced oestrus using the walking activity measuring device. Walking activity was used as an evaluation index of oestrous intensity. A total of 27 Japanese Black cows, more than 40 days after calving and clinically normal, were randomly assigned to three groups. Walking activity was recorded using a commercially available computerized pedometer system. The treatment groups consisted of an Ovsynch (n = 8) and a controlled internal drugs releasing device (CIDR) + Ovsynch (n = 9) group. The control group (n = 10) received no treatment. Walking activity was examined in all groups. Timed artificial insemination (timed AI) was performed at 16 hours after the onset of oestrus in the control group and at 24 h after second administration of GnRH in the treatment groups. Duration of oestrus had a tendency to be shorter in both the Ovsynch and the CIDR + Ovsynch groups when compared with the control group. The time required from the onset of oestrus to the time showing the highest number of steps of walking (the time to peak) showed a tendency to be shorter in CIDR + Ovsynch group. The number of steps of walking at peak and overall walking activities were significantly lower in both treatment groups than in the control group. Both activity and super-activity periods of time in the treatment groups were shorter than the control group. No difference was observed in the conception rate between the control (50.0%; 10/20), Ovsynch (50.0%; 4/8) and CIDR + Ovsynch groups (66.7%; 6/9). This study demonstrates that the oestrous intensity of cows in oestrus was different between natural oestrus and induced oestrus and also between the methods of the synchronization, but no difference was observed in the conception rate among the three groups.