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Lactating Black-Pied (DSR) cows were used to study, over a period of 100 days, the influence of different basal ration types (I-treated wheat straw pellets, low-fibre; II- monodiet pellets containing 48% of wheat straw; III = conventional rations based on fresh forage and arable root crops) on the molar fermentation pattern and the daily rate of VFA production and some milk yield criteria. Ration types I and II results in almost equal fermentation patterns of the VFA; as against the conventional ration types (III) a significantly higher molar acetate propertion as well as a highly significantly decreased molar proportion of iso-acids were found. The daily rated of VFA production relativated to energy intake were as follows (in the order of the ration types mentioned): 4.9, 4.2 and 5.0, and 3.3, 2.5 and 3.3 moles per 1,000 anergetic feed equivalents (cattle) after 30 and 100 days of feeding, respectively. In both trials, only about 80% of the relative VFA production of the straw pellet-concentrate (I) and conventional (III) ration types were found when feeding fully pelleted diets (II). On account of the relatively wide variation of the experimental results no statistically secured findings were obtained as to the milk yield criteria, but ration type II produced some 200 and 300 kg milk less thant ration types I and III, respectively, during the 100-day experimental period. 相似文献
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The ad libitum influence of various quotas of partly hydrolysed straw meal (PHSM) on the fermentation and production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the colon in the measuring periods 2nd and 8th weeks of keeping was checked within a feeding experiment with weaned piglets of the country species (42nd-98th day of life; 1st-8th week of keeping). The straw hydrolysis product was fed in a parallel experiment without or after neutralization with CaCO3 in quotas of, 5, 10 and 15% related to dry matter in comparison to the feeding of sole concentrate feed. The measuring in the 2nd week of keeping (adaptation phase) was blurred by the diarrhea in the groups with regard to the concentration, production and molar proportion of VFA. The concentration and production quota of VFA was diminished and the C2:C3 relation as well as the molar quota of branched-chain fatty acids increased in the comparison of the groups above all under the feeding conditions of the sole use of concentrate and--less distinctly--of quotas of 5% PHSM (insufficient dietetic effect) in the feed mixture. Measuring in the 8th week, in which diarrhea did not play a role in any of the groups, showed a significant, ration specific influence on the fermentation pattern of VFA. With the increasing quota of PHSM in the feed mixture (x) a significantly positive relation with the molar acetate quota (y) could be calculated (y = 52.6 + 0.36x;r = 0.50). The C2:C3 relation after sole concentrate feeding rose to 2.6:1 at a 15% PHSM integration. In this, the molar increase of acetate was predominantly linked with a decrease of the butyrate and valerate quotas. A falling tendency of the molar iso-acid quota in the colon digesta was registered with the growing straw quota in the feed mixture. The daily production quota of VFA varied in the measuring period in the 8th week of keeping between 400 and 800 mmol/animal.d without an ascertainable influence of the crude fibre quota of the straw. In comparative calculations with other test results, however, a significant positive correlation between the daily intake of digestible organic matter and the production of VFA in the large intestine could be proved. 相似文献
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Feeding trials were performed with two groups of dairy cows receiving ammonized straw pellets supplemented with varying levels of concentrates as sole basal diet. The trials were carried out over periods of 546 days and 120 days. An annual milk production of 4217.9 kgs (calculated on the basis of 3.5% of milk fat) per cow was achieved in group I by feeding 3060.6 kgs of straw pellets and 2014.7 kgs of concentrates per animal. After subtracting all additives an amount of 2641.1 kgs of pure straw (= 52%) and of 2434.2 kgs of concentrated food (= 48%) remained so that the resulting amount of dry feed consumed per 100 kg of milk was 120.3 kg. A total of 6309.6 kgs of milk was produced per cow over a period of 546 days of trial. During this period the average weight gain per cow was 98.4 kgs. 1517.3 kgs of milk (calculated on the basis of 3.5% milk fat) per cow were produced in group II (56 cows) over a period of 105 days by feeding 892.5 kgs of straw pellets and 682.5 kgs of concentrate pellets. The concentrate pellets contained 50% of ammonized dried sugar beet chips but not extracted meals. 相似文献
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In 2 experiments with a total of 28 breeding sows of the country species studies were made of the fermentation, production and absorption of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the large intestine after feeding variously treated straw materials in concentrate--straw meal mixtures. Experiment 1 ascertained that supplements of untreated (I), HCl treated (II) and partly hydrolysed straw meal (III, treatment with subsequent steaming) caused a decrease of the VFA concentration as well as considerable molar changes of the VFA in the caecal and colonal digesta in comparison of the sole feeding with concentrate (IV). The straw fibre integration increased the molar acetate quota at the expense decreased propionate and butyrate fermentation. Considering the straw meal variants this effects was least distinct after the feeding of partly hydrolysed straw meal (III). In experiment 2, which comprised the simultaneous ascertainment of VFA production in the feeding variants I and III and which was based on a representative number of animals per test group (n = 10), there were significant differences between the production quotas (I = 992; III = 1,300 mmol/animal.d) and in the absorption quotas of VFA (I = 63; II = 78%). The digestible energy from the VFA in the large intestine amounted to 711 kJ/d (I) and 1,183 kJ/d (III). The derived higher net energy gain from the hydrolysed straw product (III) was calculated at 590 kJ (40EFUpig/kg DM) and discussed together with results of feed value increase from the digestibility experiments. 相似文献
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复合酶制剂对奶牛生产性能的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
[目的]本试验研究了在日粮中添加复合酶制剂对泌奶牛生产性能的影响。[方法]采用奶牛一般饲喂方法,设立对照组和试验组。[结果]表明,在日粮中添加0.1%"天多利"奶牛复合酶,试验组(21.62kg)比对照组(20.75kg)提高产奶量4.19%,差异极显著(P<0.01);平均乳脂率比对照组提高了3.38%,差异显著(P<0.05);试验期间,试验组每头泌乳牛平均每天获毛利23.55元,对照组每头泌乳牛平均每天获毛利20.43元,试验组比对照组每头多盈利3.12元,增收效益明显。[结论]试验表明,奶牛日粮中添加加0.1%"天多利"奶牛复合酶,可显著提高奶牛的产奶量和乳脂率,提高奶牛养殖的经济效益。 相似文献
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为研究微生物发酵小麦秸秆对肉牛生长性能和屠宰性能的影响,试验采用单因素设计,选择体重相近的健康肉牛120头,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头,试验1、2、3、4组分别饲喂微生物发酵小麦秸秆替代0%、20%、40%、60%普通小麦秸秆的基础日粮,试验期为60 d,在试验结束时测定生长性能和肉品质。结果表明:(1)试验3、4组料重比较1组分别降低6.74%、5.87%(P<0.05);试验2、3、4组的平均日采食量均高于1组(P>0.05);试验3、4组的日增重较1组分别提高36.6%、24.4%(P<0.05);试验2、3、4组熟肉率、失水率、肉色、嫩度与1组均差异性不显著(P>0.05);试验2、3、4组的粗灰分、p H均低于1组(P>0.05);试验3、4组粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、大理花纹分别较1组提高19.28%、18.94%、45.15%、42.35%、46.75%、43.09%(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲喂微生物发酵小麦秸秆替代40%普通小麦秸秆日粮可以提高肉牛的生长性能和肉品质。 相似文献
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为探索秸秆不同调制技术, 提高饲料利用率, 选用秸秆专用复合酶制剂和酵母活菌制剂用清水稀释后喷洒在秸秆表面, 与日粮其他成分充分混匀后饲喂肉牛, 研究对肉牛生产性能和养殖效益的影响。结果表明:经酵母活菌制剂处理的试验Ⅱ组肉牛平均日增重显著(P<0.05)高于经复合酶制剂处理的试验Ⅰ组和对照组, 试验Ⅱ组肉牛每千克体增重的饲料成本比试验Ⅰ组和对照组分别低0.91元和1.83元。试验得出如下结论:酵母活菌制剂处理玉米秸秆对肉牛生长性能具有明显的改善作用, 可以提高肉牛养殖效益。 相似文献
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The influence of the feeding frequency on the fermentation in the bovine rumen was investigated by a single reversal trial with restricted supply of feed. The study comprised 6 rumen-fistulated dairy heifers fed a complete diet, low in crude fibre, at 2 frequencies. The effect of the treatment was assessed by the parameters: Concentration of microbial metabolites, total counts of microorganism, concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and fermentative activity in the rumen.Frequent feeding compared to feeding twice daily resulted in marked reduction of the diurnal variation in the concentration of ruminai metabolites without significant influence on the daily means of total VFA and pH, but the molar composition of the VFA mixture and the production rate of VFA were highly affected. The implications of these observations for improved feed utilization to milk production and fattening are discussed.Pronounced increment of the concentration of ATP was found by frequent feeding, but the total counts of microorganisms were found almost unaffected. Since the rate of fermentation was highly correlated with the concentration of ATP, the ATP pool may be an indicator of the fermentative activity of rumen microorganisms. 相似文献
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研究全混合日粮与非全混合日粮饲喂产奶牛,选择200头荷斯坦奶牛随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组饲喂全混合日粮,对照组饲喂相同配方和数量的草料,经30 d饲喂对比试验,结果表明:试验组日平均产奶量为23.52 kg,对照组日平均产奶量为21.78 kg,试验组比对照组日平均产奶量增加1.74 kg,日平均产奶量提高7.99%,差异极显著(P〈0.01)。饲喂全混合日粮组比饲喂非全混合日粮组奶牛增收17 760元,经济效益明显。 相似文献
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Two groups of bullocks, each consisting of 125 animals, were subjected to a trial to study the effect of monensin (Rumensin premix) administered at doses from 125 to 175 mg per head/day on rumen fermentation and weight gains. For 135 days the animals were given a diet based on green juicy forage with a supplement of chopped straw and concentrate mixture; this mixture contained 20-30% of dried poultry droppings. In the experimental group with monensin, the concentration of total and protein nitrogen and the molar percentage of propionic acid significantly increased (23.7 and 28.5%, respectively, P less than 0.01) and the acetate: propionate ratio decreased four hours after feeding. Further, the energy yield of the production by volatile fatty acids (VFA) significantly increased in the rumen contents (76.89%, 78.64%, respectively, P less than 0.05). The levels of ammonia and non-protein nitrogen were not affected by the addition of monensin. The average daily live weight gains were 713 g in the control group and 800 g in the experimental group; this means that the gains of the experimental animals rose by 12.2%. Monensin had a positive influence on the proportions of the rumen-produced VFA in favour of propionic acid which, in turn, favourably influenced the energy balance of nutrient conversion and efficiency. 相似文献
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Cenkvári E Fekete S Fébel H Veresegyházi T Andrásofszky E 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2005,89(3-6):172-178
Six rumen-cannulated wethers were fed by a diet composed of alfalfa hay and concentrate and supplemented by 75 g Ca-soap of linseed oil (5.4% in dry matter, DM) daily. A model trial was performed to detect the effects of the Ca-soap on rumen fermentation parameters and on fibre digestion. Approximately 3 h after feeding Ca-soap, ratio of C2:C3 decreased (from 4.33 to 4.02) and the production of i- and n-butyrate and i- and n-valeriate increased by 28, 5.3, 11.76% and 6.80% respectively. Total volatile fatty acid concentration in rumen fluid did not change (126.1 vs. 126.4 mm) as a result of Ca-soap supplementation. The in vitro trial showed no detrimental influence of Ca-soap on the acid detergent fibre (ADF) degradation. Using feed samples containing Ca-soap to be incubated in tubes, ADF digestion proved to be significantly higher (p < 0.001). Approximately 14 goats (Saanen breed, 30-70 days in lactation) were used to test the effects of Ca-soap on milk composition. Their ration contained alfalfa hay, millet straw and a concentrate. In the experimental group (seven goats) the diet was supplemented with Ca-soap of linseed oil (75 g/animal/day). The milk composition was changed (slightly reduced solid content, sometimes significantly reduced milk fat contents), when Ca-soap was included in the diet of lactating goats. 相似文献
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TMR制作粒度对肉牛增重与瘤胃微生物发酵的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为研究不同粒度全混合日粮(TMR)对肉牛增重和瘤胃发酵的影响,试验选取新疆褐牛(♂)与哈萨克牛(♀)杂交一代、体重为(305.6±5.6)kg的公牛70头,随机分为2组,预试期14 d,正试期44 d。日粮为不同搅拌时间的TMR,使用宾州筛进行粒度分布测定。对照组TMR搅拌时间为30 min,平均粒度为7.1 mm;试验组TMR搅拌时间为40 min,平均粒度为6.1 mm。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组第1层(>19 mm)比例下降了6.3个百分点,第2层(>8 mm)和底层(≤1.18 mm)比例下降了3个百分点(P<0.01);结合剩料粒度分析结果研究发现,虽然延长搅拌时间后没有提高TMR总采食量,但提高了肉牛对TMR中粒度大于8 mm长纤维饲料的进食量,并提高了肉牛育肥全期平均日增重(P<0.05),饲料转化效率提高了12.7%(P=0.01);对TMR及宾州筛各层样品采用体外瘤胃发酵测试结果表明,延长TMR搅拌时间对体外干物质消化率、发酵产气量与产气速率、氨氮和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)生成量无影响;但随着筛分粒度的下降,总VFA生成量升高(P=0.02),其中乙酸比例下降而丁酸比例升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,通过延长搅拌时间降低TMR粒度虽未能提高采食量,但可促进肉牛生长继而显著提高饲料转化效率,并有利于维持瘤胃微生物的正常发酵功能。 相似文献
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本研究测定分析了秸秆制粒饲喂肉牛对其采食、反刍、养分表观消化率、瘤胃发酵和增重的影响,以丰富秸秆饲料化利用方式。试验选取30头18月龄左右、活重接近的西杂肉牛,随机分成3组(每组10头),分别饲喂粉碎玉米秸秆(对照组)、玉米秸秆颗粒饲料(试验Ⅰ组)及玉米秸秆精粗饲料颗粒(试验Ⅱ组)。结果表明,1)秸秆制粒饲喂肉牛,其采食、反刍、咀嚼时间均有所缩短,且每食团咀嚼时间显著少于对照组(P=0.004),而试验Ⅱ组采食时长显著低于对照组(P=0.032)。2)除试验Ⅰ组中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率显著低于对照组外(P<0.05),3组肉牛其他养分的表观消化率均无显著差异。3)秸秆粉碎制料后饲喂肉牛影响瘤胃发酵,与对照组比较,试验Ⅰ组瘤胃pH值及丁酸含量显著下降(P<0.05),而乙酸含量和乙酸/丙酸显著升高(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组瘤胃液丁酸含量显著下降(P<0.05),乙酸/丙酸及NH3-N含量显著升高(P<0.05)。4)秸秆粉碎制粒饲喂肉牛能显著增加日增重和饲料转化率(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组及试验Ⅱ组日增重较对照组分别高出0.36和0.38 kg,饲料转化率(料重比)分别提高27.86%和29.09%。 相似文献
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为分析替代法估测肉牛对稻草和麦秸的有效能值及适宜的替代比例,本研究选取12头体重相近(266±13.41)kg的11~12月龄皖东牛公牛,随机分为3组,每组4头牛,分3期进行饲喂试验。第1期:所有供试牛饲喂由带穗玉米青贮组成的基础饲粮,测定基础饲粮的有效能值;第2期和第3期:各组供试牛分别饲喂由稻草或麦秸按不同比例(10%、30%和60%)替代基础饲粮组成的试验饲粮。每期试验14 d,其中前10 d为预饲期,后4 d为正试期。正试期消化代谢和呼吸代谢试验同时进行,测定肉牛对各试验饲粮的能量代谢情况。结果表明,1)与基础饲粮相比,稻草或麦秸替代降低了肉牛对试验饲粮干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的表观消化率,且以上指标随替代比例的增加呈逐渐下降趋势。2)基础饲粮组和各替代组之间总能(GE)采食量无明显差异(P0.05),而消化能(DE)、代谢能(ME)和净能(NE)采食量随稻草或麦秸替代比例的增加而显著降低(P0.05),总能消化率、总能代谢率和消化能代谢率与稻草或麦秸替代比例呈负相关关系。3)根据不同试验饲粮的有效能值与稻草或麦秸替代比例之间的回归方程,估算得出稻草的DE、ME和NE分别为8.51、5.79和3.64 MJ·kg-1,麦秸的对应值分别为7.89、5.08和3.13 MJ·kg-1;10%、30%和60%3个替代比例中,30%替代比例所计算得稻草或麦秸有效能值的变异度最小(P0.05)。综上可知,替代比例会影响稻草和麦秸有效能值的测定结果,本研究中稻草或麦秸替代比例为30%时优于10%和60%。在估测单一粗饲料原料有效能值时,回归法和替代法结合能提高测定结果的准确度,也有助于筛选替代法最佳的替代比例。 相似文献