不同添加剂及剂型对猪冷冻精液品质的影响

试验旨在研究咖啡因、维生素E、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及剂型对猪冷冻精液品质的影响。采用添加了不同浓度咖啡因、维生素E、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的冷冻稀释液和3种剂型的冻精管进行精液冷冻。3种添加剂对冻精解冻后的精液品质都有一定的促进作用,试验中其添加最适浓度分别为:咖啡因为0.2 mg/mL,维生素E为0.4 mg/mL,SOD为300 IU/mL;0.25mL剂型的冻精解冻后精子品质最好。咖啡因、抗氧化剂及冻精管剂型对冷冻精液的效果有一定的影响。     

添加咖啡因对解冻后牛精液品质的影响

<正> 为了提高冻精的使用效果,有人研究在精液、稀释液、解冻液中加入不同的添加物。日本的宫元、西川(1979)报道了牛冷冻精液解冻后添加不同浓度的咖啡因所得到的不同的生存指数表明咖啡因可以改善解冻后精子的某些性状。为了进一步探讨咖啡因对解冻后精子的作用和影响,我们在解冻液中加入不同浓度的咖啡因以观察精子某些生理生化指标的变化。 1.材料与方法 试验共分为4组,以2.9％柠檬酸钠为基础液分别配制成含有不同浓度咖啡因的解冻液,1组为对照,含量为0,2、3、4为试验组,含量分别为5、10和20mm,(咖啡因系用20％安那加,     

不同咖啡因浓度对鸡精液冷冻效果的影响

以广东海洋大学家禽育种中心的小麻大冠鸡为试验材料,利用液氮制作颗粒冷冻精液,研究不同浓度咖啡因对鸡精液解冻后的精子活力、畸形率和存活时间的影响.结果表明:咖啡因添加量为4mmol/L时,鸡精液冷冻解冻效果最佳,精子活力最高,为0.46,畸形率最低,为7.2%,精子体外存活时间最长,为105min.     

咖啡因提高山羊精液冷冻效果试验

试验将５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的咖啡因添加于冷冻前的山羊稀释精液中，测定咖啡因对冷冻后山羊精液品质的影响。结果表明，咖啡因可使山羊冻精的解冻活率达０．５０，显著高于对照组，并能提高解冻后３小时活率，延长精子在３７℃条件下的总存活时间，对顶体形态无显著影响。用含咖啡因的冻精给发情母羊输配，情期受胎率７１．９６％，比对照组提高９．５８％。     

咖啡因对猪精液冷冻的影响及冷冻-解冻方法的优化

本试验对猪精液冷冻保护液中添加咖啡因的作用进行了研究,并优化冷冻-解冻程序,提高0.5 mL细管猪精液冷冻解冻后的质量。在预先设计稀释液配方的基础上,使咖啡因终浓度为0、0.2、0.4、0.6 mg/mL,选择最佳咖啡因浓度,选出最优组合与传统的TCG稀释液和商业用Androhep CryoGuardTM冷冻稀释液进行比较,比较3种不同的冷冻曲线对猪冷冻精液解冻后精子品质的影响,最后对38℃下30 s、50℃下13 s 2种解冻方法进行比较。结果表明,咖啡因浓度为0.2、0.4mg/mL的精子冷冻后活力、质膜完整率、顶体完整率显著高于00、.6 mg/mL(P0.05),最佳添加浓度为0.2 mg/mL;预设计的稀释液配方及冷冻方案优于传统的TCG法(P0.05),但与Androhep CryoGuardTM稀释液(美国商业用)有一定差距(P0.05);A曲线在猪精液冷冻-解冻后活力、质膜完整率和顶体完整率方面均显著优于B和C冷冻曲线(P0.05);50℃水浴解冻13 s显著优于38℃解冻30 s(P0.05)。     

咖啡因对猪精液冷冻的影响及冷冻－解冻方法的优化

本试验对猪精液冷冻保护液中添加咖啡因的作用进行了研究,并优化冷冻－解冻程序,提高0.5 mL细管猪精液冷冻解冻后的质量。在预先设计稀释液配方的基础上,使咖啡因终浓度为0、0.2、0.4、0.6 mg/mL,选择最佳咖啡因浓度,选出最优组合与传统的TCG稀释液和商业用Androhep〖XC1.TIF〗CryoGuardTM冷冻稀释液进行比较,比较3种不同的冷冻曲线对猪冷冻精液解冻后精子品质的影响,最后对38 ℃下30 s、50 ℃下13 s 2种解冻方法进行比较。结果表明,咖啡因浓度为0.2、0.4 mg/mL的精子冷冻后活力、质膜完整率、顶体完整率显著高于0、0.6 mg/mL（P＜0.05）,最佳添加浓度为0.2 mg/mL;预设计的稀释液配方及冷冻方案优于传统的TCG法（P＜0.05）,但与Androhep〖XC1.TIF〗CryoGuardTM稀释液(美国商业用)有一定差距（P＜0.05）;A曲线在猪精液冷冻－解冻后活力、质膜完整率和顶体完整率方面均显著优于B和C冷冻曲线（P＜0.05）;50 ℃水浴解冻13 s显著优于38 ℃解冻30 s（P＜0.05）。     

不同浓度咖啡因对三黄鸡精液冷冻效果的影响

试验以湛江海洋大学家禽育种中心的三黄鸡为试验材料 ,利用液氮制做颗粒冷冻精液 ,比较冷冻保护液中不同浓度添加物如咖啡因、甘油、二甲基桠枫以及平衡时间、解冻液种类及解冻液温度对广东三黄鸡冷冻精液解冻后精子活力、畸形率和存活时间的影响。结果表明 ,咖啡因添加量为 4～ 5mmol/L时 ,鸡精液冷冻解冻效果最佳 ,精子活力最高 ,为 0 4 4～ 0 4 8,畸形率最低 ,为 7 2 %～7 4 %,精子体外存活时间最长 ,为 1 0 4～ 1 0 9min(P <0 0 1 )。     

咖啡因和维生素E对提高山羊冻精成活率的试验

将不同浓度的咖啡力维生素E添加于冷冻前的山羊稀释精液中，测定对冷冻后山羊精子成活率的影响。结果表明：5mmol/L咖啡因和15mg/ml 的维生素E同时加入山羊稀释精液中，精子解冻后活率达0．46±0．037，显高于对照组0．15。     

在4℃降温平衡过程中0.2g/L咖啡因与精子共孵育时间对猪颗粒冻精质量的影响

实验旨在探讨在猪精液于4℃平衡2 h过程中0.2 g/L咖啡因与精液共孵育2 h、1 h和0.5 h,对颗粒冻精解冻后精子活率、活力、质膜完整性和顶体完整性以及解冻后精子体外存活时间等指标的影响,以期进一步提高猪颗粒冻精质量。实验结果表明,在精液冷冻之前,咖啡因不同平衡时间组的精子活率和活力都呈现出升高趋势,但与对照组差异不显著;咖啡因与精液共孵育2 h、1 h和0.5 h组的精子顶体完整率和质膜完整率显著低于对照组,前3组之间差异均不显著。而颗粒冻精解冻后,咖啡因与精液共孵育2 h、1 h和0.5 h组精子活率和活力均显著高于对照组,其中共孵育1 h组显著高于其他3组(P0.05),共孵育2 h组和0.5 h组间差异不显著(P0.05);共孵育2 h组精子顶体完整率和质膜完整率显著低于对照组和共孵育0.5 h、1 h组(P0.05),但后3组之间差异不显著;共孵育2 h组精子存活时间显著低于对照组、共孵育1 h和0.5 h组(P0.05),其中共孵育1 h组精子存活时间最长,达7 d以上。总之,在精液4℃降温平衡过程中咖啡因与精液共孵育1 h对冷冻后精子质量最有利,解冻后精子活率和活力显著高于其他各组,且解冻后精子体外存活时间最长。     

咖啡因对猪精液井水保存效果的试验报告

对公猪精液井水保存添加咖啡因的效果进行了试验。结果显示,适量咖啡因能提高精子存活率,延长精子存活时间,提高精子活力。并认为利用井水保存猪精液的方法大为实用。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.