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1.
6个白榆种群遗传多样性的RAPD分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以科尔沁和浑善达克沙地的6个天然白榆种群为研究对象,采用RAPD分子标记技术,从35条引物中筛选出扩增多态性较多且扩增产物稳定的17条10bp引物。对6个白榆种群的180个叶片样品的基因组DNA进行扩增,共检测到181个位点,多态位点有96个,多态位点百分比为52.89%;不同种群内的遗传多样性水平差异不大,Nei’s多样性指数(h)和Shannon’s多样性指数(I)为0.2611和0.3814,遗传多样性主要存在于种群内;群间的遗传分化系数Gst为0.3768,种群内的遗传变异所占比例为62.32%;6个种群的遗传距离显示,科尔沁沙地和浑善达克沙地白榆各种群间的遗传距离不明显。  相似文献   

2.
以新疆乌恰县境内自然分布的6个新疆沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus nanus(M.Pop.)Cheng f.)居群的120份样品为研究对象,采用RAPD分子标记对其遗传多样性水平和种群遗传结构进行分析。结果表明:从33个随机引物中筛选出8个多态性较高且扩增稳定的引物,共扩增出41条DNA条带,多态位点26个,多态性比率(PPB)占63.41%,物种水平遗传多样性相对丰富,居群水平遗传多样性水平较低,各居群间的遗传多样性水平差异不大,Nei's基因多样性(h)指数和Shannon's信息多样性指数(I)分别为0.1169和0.1707,居群间遗传分化系数Gst为0.4171,遗传变异主要存在于居群内,居群之间产生了一定的遗传分化,基因流Nm为0.6989。根据UPGMA聚类图,6个居群可划分为两支,一支是吾合沙鲁居群和2个肖尔布拉克居群,另一支是康苏居群、巴音库鲁乡的托帕尔居群和阿合其居群。新疆沙冬青6个自然居群的遗传距离的分子聚类结果与其地理分布位置密切相关。  相似文献   

3.
新疆野生啤酒花群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用RAPD技术分析新疆7个啤酒花(Humulus lupulus L.)的天然居群遗传多样性及群体间的遗传分化,12个随机引物共检测到121个可重复的位点,其中多态位点119个,占总位点的98.35%.由Shannon表型多样性指数和Nei基因多样性指数估计,居群内遗传分化百分比分别为63.55%和65.65%,表明啤酒花种内的遗传变异主要存在于群体内.分析认为,新疆境内啤酒花自然居群的遗传多样性很丰富,居群间产生了一定的分化.啤酒花居群的基因流Nm=1.0037,相对有限的基因流可能在居群遗传分化的维持中起着作用.  相似文献   

4.
放牧压力下大针茅群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
大针茅(Stipa grandis)是我国北方典型草原上最重要的饲用植物之一,分布广,数量大,是优势种之一。本研究应用RAPD技术检测大针茅植物不同放牧压力下群体的遗传多样性,探索放牧强度与遗传分化的相互联系。在放牧和对照群体中,利用18个有效引物共获得了129个位点,其中多态性位点为105个,占81.40%,说明个体发生较高的遗传变异。两个群体都具有特异性位点,说明放牧压力导致某些位点发生了变化,但遗传变异主要存在于群体内(遗传一致度为90.43%)。  相似文献   

5.
内蒙古地区天然臭柏种群遗传多样性的RAPD分析   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
应用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)标记法研究了内蒙古地区臭柏种群的遗传分化,所用的18条引物对4个臭柏种群的55个样本扩增出124个位点,其中多态位点100个,多态率达80.7%。种内的平均Nei's多样性指数和Shannon's多样性指数分别为0.286和0.428,种群内分别为0.232和0.347,基因多样性变化趋势为毛乌素沙地(0.258,0.386)>阴山山脉西部(0.258,0.376)>浑善达克沙地(0.231,0.345)>内蒙古贺兰山(0.184,0.281)。臭柏种群总的基因多样性(Ht=0.288),大于种群间的基因多样性(Hs=0.233)。种群间的遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.183,种群内的遗传变异占总遗传变异的81.7%。臭柏种群间的平均遗传距离为0.086,平均相似性系数为0.918,4个种群之间有比较相似的遗传多样性,由于地理隔离,种群间也存在分化。  相似文献   

6.
采用AXYGEN基因组快速分离试剂盒获得高质量的总DNA,并利用混合组份分析法(BSA),结合随机扩增多态分析法(RAPD)对宁波市的7个县(市)、区的加拿大一枝黄花进行遗传分析。结果表明,7个居群水平的12个引物,共筛选出9个引物,经扩增共得到43个扩增片段。其中,单态性条带35条,多态性条带8条,多态位点百分率为18.6%。7个居群的Nei基因相似系数矩阵和遗传距离表明,宁波地区7个居群的加拿大一枝黄花相似程度高,多态性较低,遗传距离较近。这些特点也可以为进一步开展各居群间个体的多态性研究打下初步的理论基础。  相似文献   

7.
不同干扰生境中荒漠小灌木红砂种群遗传多样性研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
应用RAPD标记技术对荒漠小灌木红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)种群在不同扰动下的遗传多样性进行了分析。18条随机引物对红砂6个种群的120个个体进行扩增,共检测102个位点,其中多态位点99个。研究结果表明:红砂种群的多态位点比率(P)为96.86%,显示了不同生境中红砂种群内存在较高的遗传多样性。Shannon多样性指数(0.5007)、Nei基因多样性指数(0.3307)和基因分化系数(Gst=0.1952)揭示了红砂种群遗传变异多存在于种群内,种群间的遗传分化则较小。聚类分析表明:红砂种群遗传距离与地理距离之间存在一定相关性;遗传多样性水平与物种特性和不同干扰生境有关,与生态因子无相关性。  相似文献   

8.
黄柳是内蒙古中东部地区重要的固沙先锋植物。采用RAPD分子标记技术,对内蒙古境内黄柳4个天然种群的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行了分析。用13个引物对4个种群的36个个体进行扩增,共检测到153个位点,其中有128个多态位点,多态位点百分比(PPB)达83.66%,种群内的多态位点百分比变化范围为88.24%-96.08%,说明黄柳种群的遗传多样性较为丰富。遗传分化系数(Gst=13.79%)表明黄柳的遗传变异主要以种群内的遗传变异为主(86.21%),种群间的基因流较大(Nm=3.13)。对黄柳种群间的遗传距离与地理距离做相关性分析,发现二者呈极显著正相关关系(r=0.953,P<0.01)。黄柳的繁育方式和种群间频繁的基因流等因素可能是造成上述结果的主要原因。应就地保护和合理利用黄柳的遗传资源,以维持其较高的遗传多样性。  相似文献   

9.
采用荧光AFLP标记对大赖草(Leymus racemosus(Lam.)Tzvel)的6个天然种群进行了遗传多样性和遗传结构进行分析,6对选择性扩增引物共扩增出1269条清晰的条带,其中多态性位点1203个(PPL=80.61%).在物种水平上,Nei's遗传多样性指数H=0.188,Shannon多态性信息指数I=0.313;在种群水平上,H =0.177;I=0.288.遗传分化系数Fst为0.1009,表明有10.09%的遗传变异存在于种群之间,基因流Nm为4.4554>1,说明种群间基因交流可以阻止由于遗传漂变导致的遗传分化,遗传分化呈现均质化的趋势.PCoA聚类结果表明,大赖草种群间的遗传距离与地理距离有一定的相关性,但未达到显著水平.该研究结果显示,遗传多样性水平不仅与物种本身特性和研究方法有关,濒危植物并不一定表现为遗传变异水平的降低而濒危,还与人类活动与气候环境密切相关.  相似文献   

10.
为了解小麦全蚀病病菌的群体组成和遗传多样性,采用8对多态性较好的微卫星标记,对我国黄淮麦区的116个小麦全蚀病菌株进行了分析。8个SSR标记的平均等位基因数为4.25个,多态性信息含量的平均值为0.66。供试菌株的平均有效等位基因数和基因遗传多样性指数分别为1.46和0.27,漯河群体的遗传多样性水平最高,周口群体最低。不同群体间遗传距离均较小,为0.0199~0.1153,其中徐州和周口群体间的遗传距离相对较大,而周口和驻马店群体间的遗传距离相对较小。分子方差分析结果显示,小麦全蚀病菌群体间和群体内均存在着一定的遗传分化,群体间的遗传变异占总变异的10%,群体内遗传变异占90%。6个群体间的基因流为3.5。根据SSR多态性,对来源不同菌株的UPGMA聚类分析结果显示,小麦全蚀病菌群体结构与地理来源有一定的关系。  相似文献   

11.
浑善达克沙地天然沙地榆种群生活史   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用公顷级样地调查,对浑善达克沙地天然沙地榆群落进行调查,以种群生命表及生存分析理论为基础,应用"空间代替时间"的方法编制白榆种群的静态生命表,绘制了沙地榆的存活曲线、生存率估计曲线和累计死亡率函数曲线,分析种群生命过程,研究了浑善达克沙地沙地榆种群动态和数量特征。结果表明:沙地榆种群在幼体向成树发育过程中存在两个死亡高峰,沙地榆存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅰ型,从整体上反映了沙地榆种群数量动态变化趋势,并坚定了沙地榆种群在群落中的优势地位。  相似文献   

12.
浑善达克沙地榆种子扩散及成苗影响因素分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以浑善达克沙地榆为研究对象,以种子扩散规律及成苗率为主要研究内容,采用样线法调查了平沙地、沙丘迎风坡、丘间草地、稀疏灌木地、灌木地5种不同地表类型下沙地榆种子数量.分析种子分布数量与母树距离、地表状况、植被种类、盖度和高度及成苗率与土壤含水率的关系.结果证明:影响种子分布数量的主要因子是母树的距离,其他因子对沙地榆种子...  相似文献   

13.
W G LI  J J SHEN  & J B WANG 《Weed Research》2005,45(6):424-430
Two molecular genetic screening techniques, RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNAs) and ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeats), were applied to detect the level and pattern of genetic diversity of Monochoria vaginalis, a common weed of rice fields, in seven populations from southern China. Among these populations, 116 bands were amplified by 18 RAPD primers, of which 34 bands (29.31%) were polymorphic, and 14 ISSR primers produced 111 bands with 87 polymorphic bands (78.38%). Within each population, a relatively low level of genetic diversity was detected by both RAPD and ISSR analyses, with a mean genetic diversity (H) of 0.0348 and 0.0551 respectively. Analysis of molecular variance of the data from the RAPD and ISSR markers detected that the majority of total genetic variation existed among populations (73.50% and 76.70% respectively) and only minor genetic variation within populations (26.50% and 23.30% respectively). Cluster analysis divided the seven populations into two groups, indicating that the genetic relationships among populations have relatively low correlation with their geographical distribution (Mantel test; r = 0.45 and 0.48 respectively). Our results indicated that both RAPD and ISSR markers were effective and reliable for accurately assessing the degree of genetic variation of M. vaginalis. Comparing the two techniques, ISSR markers were more efficient than the RAPD assay. The Mantel test gave r = 0.16, suggesting no correlation between these two molecular markers.  相似文献   

14.
我国南方地区主要根结线虫DNA变异的RAPD分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
 本试验用5组随机引物对来自我国南方地区的30个根结线虫种群进行RAPD分析,并从中筛选出多态性较好的引物12个。共扩增出179条DNA多态带,各供试种群间存在着丰富的遗传多态性。扩增结果表现出种间差异大于种内差异的共同趋势,这表明上述12个引物能够较客观地反映种群间亲缘关系的远近。北方根结线虫与另外3种线虫(南方根结线虫、爪哇根结线虫、花生根结线虫)的亲缘关系最远;在3种主要根结线虫中,爪哇根结线虫与南方根结线虫的亲缘关系相对较近。基于种群间的相似系数分析和应用UPGMA法构建的聚类树状图,显示出不同的根结线虫在较低的相似性系数范围聚类,而绝大多数种内的不同种群均以较高的相似性系数聚在一起,这与形态分类基本一致,反映了形态学分类的分子遗传本质,同时也表明了应用RAPD技术进行根结线虫亲缘关系分析和种类鉴定具有合理性和可行性。本文还对RAPD方法对南方根结线虫小种鉴定的可能性进行了初步探讨。  相似文献   

15.
Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) of the intergenic spacer region (IGS) of rDNA and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to survey genetic variability among 181 isolates of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa from Ontario and 10 isolates from Japan. RAPD and IGS-RFLP analyses revealed polymorphisms within and between populations of S . homoeocarpa , distinguishing 151 genotypes. Both types of markers gave similar results in phenetic analysis of genetic distances between populations. Cluster analysis showed that Japanese isolates of S. homoeocarpa were genetically distinct from Ontario isolates, demonstrating significant intraspecific differentiation. An average genetic similarity of 0.66 was found between Japanese isolates. Among Ontario isolates, average genetic similarity was 0.86, and genotypic diversity analysis showed that 49.3% of the total genetic variation observed within Ontario populations occurred among individuals within populations compared to 50.7% between populations. Gametic linkage disequilibrium analysis within Ontario populations revealed an average 15.6% significant nonrandom associations between putative RAPD loci, and that half of the populations showed signs of significant linkage disequilibrium. These results suggest that both clonal propagation and recombination events occurred in local populations of S. homoeocarpa . The high level of genetic similarity between populations and the low levels of intraspecific genetic variation may reflect a small founding population for southern Ontario isolates of S. homoeocarpa .  相似文献   

16.
The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method was used to investigate the genetic variability and population structure of Fusarium culmorum isolated from wheat stem bases. A total of 108 isolates, representing seven geographically distinct populations, was collected from five climatic regions in Tunisia. Pseudo-allelic frequencies were estimated at each of the 25 putative RAPD loci analyzed by scoring for the presence or absence of amplified fragments; 92 haplotypes were found among the 108 strains. The analysis of the population structure did not reveal any trend with regard to geographic origin. Total gene diversity (HT * = 0.318) was mostly attributable to diversity within populations (HS * = 0.308). Analysis of molecular variance confirmed that most of the genetic variability was within populations. Genetic differentiation among populations was low to moderate (GST * ranged from 0 to 0.190 and averaged 0.041 over all loci). Cluster analysis with UPGMA using genetic distances did not reveal any spatial clustering of the isolates collected from the different geographic regions. Based on these results, we conclude that the F. culmorum isolates recovered from different regions in Tunisia might be part of a single population pool.  相似文献   

17.
毛乌素沙地臭柏群体是一个生态过渡带。为了进一步阐明分子变异和基因流与生境或生态过渡带的联系,应用RAPD标记开展了臭柏群体的分子生态学研究。采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)方法对臭柏(Sabina vulgaris.)的3个种群进行了研究.用11个随机引物扩增出129条清晰谱带,其中117条为多态性谱带。利用POPGENE3.2软件对数据进行处理,结果如下:(1)臭柏有着较丰富的遗传多态性,多态位点百分率达90.70%,各种群多态位点百分比在69.77%~72.87%之间.(2)臭柏的种群间分化较小Gst=0.1872,81.38%的遗传变异存在于种群内,各种群的遗传一致度都在86.22%.(3)聚类分析显示,生境相近的种群被聚到了一起,反映了臭柏种群的遗传分化和生境有着一定的相关性.又利用Nei,s指数统计了RAPD数据,也证实了大部分的遗传变异存在于群体之内。臭柏群体内的遗传多样性与土壤总钾呈显著的负相关。  相似文献   

18.
ABSTRACT In order to characterize the genetic variation of the poplar pathogen Mycosphaerella populorum (anamorph Septoria musiva), we have studied seven North American populations using the polymerase chain reaction random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. The fungal populations were sampled in 2001 and 2002 by obtaining 352 isolates from cankers and leaf spots in hybrid poplar plantations and adjacent eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides). A total of 21 polymorphic RAPD markers were obtained with the six RAPD primers used. A fine-level scale analysis of the genetic structure within the populations revealed that subpopulations sampled on P. deltoides and on hybrid trees were not significantly differentiated. In contrast, analyses performed on the entire data set showed high levels of haplotypic diversity and moderate to high genetic differentiation, with 20% of the expected genetic diversity found at the interpopulation level. Moreover, a high and significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances among populations was found, suggesting isolation by distance of the sampled populations. Although the occurrence of the sexual stage of this fungus remained unclear in field populations, five of the six populations were at gametic equilibrium for RAPD loci, suggesting the occurrence of recombination episodes in Septoria musiva populations. Overall, S. musiva appears to consist of differentiated subpopulations, with both asexual and sexual recombination contributing to the local level of genetic structure.  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT Genetic diversity was studied in seven Canadian populations of Ophiostoma piceae, the most prevalent sapstain fungus in Canadian softwoods. A total of 239 single-spore isolates were recovered following a systematic survey of sapstain fungi in logs and lumber at seven selected sawmills in six Canadian provinces (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Ontario, Québec, and New Brunswick). Sampling was carried out on five commercially important softwood species: balsam fir (Abies balsamea), white spruce (Picea glauca), black spruce (Picea mariana), jack pine (Pinus banksiana), and lodgepole pine (Pinus con-torta var. latifolia). The A and B mating types occurred at equal frequency (MAT A/ MAT B = 1.00:1.13) over all populations. Pseudo-allelic frequencies were estimated at each of 24 putative genetic loci by scoring for presence or absence of random amplified polymorphic DNA fragments generated by five primers. A total of 237 haplotypes were found among the 239 isolates, revealing a high level of genotypic diversity among isolates. Total gene diversity (H(T) = 0.414) was mostly attributable to diversity within populations (H(S) = 0.369). Thus, only 11.2% of the total variability was attributable to frequency differences among populations. An analysis of molecular variance revealed that most genetic variability occurred within subpopulations within mills (84.3%; P < 0.001), whereas low but statistically significant levels of genetic differentiation were also observed among subpopulations within populations (5.4%; P < 0.001) and among populations (10.3%; P < 0.001). Estimates of Nei' genetic distances were not correlated with geographic distances among sampling locations (r = -0.092; P = 0.310), although principal component analysis indicated that subpopulations located east of Saskatchewan were grouped on the same side of the second principal component axis. Overall, results suggest moderate genetic differentiation of O. piceae in Canada, which is consistent with the observation that sexual reproduction is frequently observed in this fungus.  相似文献   

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