犬细小病毒病的诊治

本研究统计了2008年军事医学科学院实验动物中心动物医院门诊的犬细小病毒病病例,为本病的诊治提供参考。用犬细小病毒抗原检测试剂盒对具有腹泻、呕吐、便血等体征的189只患犬做了病原检测,以辅助早期确诊,并以犬细小病毒单克隆抗体特异治疗为主的综合治疗方法对愿意接受本法治疗的123例病犬进行了治疗。结果共检测出犬细小病毒阳性病例137例;接受本法治疗的123例病犬中,有59例经全程治疗痊愈,有37例经1次特异治疗,有21例经2次特异治疗后好转,总有效率为95.1%,6例无效。结果表明,对具有明显腹泻、呕吐、便血等临床体征的患犬,结合发病史,可对本病作出初步诊断,参考犬细小病毒抗原检测结果可确诊;同时治疗时机是影响本病转归最为重要的因素。     

犬细小病毒性肠炎的防治体会

犬细小病毒性肠炎是由犬细小病毒引起的犬的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病。犬，特别是幼犬感染后，主要表现为呕吐、腹泻、西红柿汁样血便，精神沉郁、头低耳耷、倦怠、腹部蜷缩，、鼻镜干燥、食欲废绝、渴欲增加、严重脱水，行走步态蹒跚和心肌炎等综合征。近年来，犬细小病毒性肠炎的流行表现更为广泛和普遍，如何有效防治犬细小病毒性肠炎已成为畜牧兽医部门及其科技工作者和养犬生产者关注的热点问题。笔者于2002年至2004年间，诊治犬细小病毒性肠炎53例，经采取综合性治疗措施给予积极治疗后，均取得较好的治疗效果。     

犬细小病毒病继发肠套叠的诊治

犬细小病毒病是由犬细小病毒引起犬的一种急性传染病,分肠炎型和心肌炎型2种。肠炎型病犬临床表现为突然发病,精神沉郁,食欲废绝,呕吐,呈喷射状腹泻,粪便呈黄色或灰黄色,覆有多量黏液和伪膜,而后粪便呈番茄汁样,味腥臭。患犬迅速脱水,常于腹泻后1～3天死亡。肠套叠是指一段肠管及其附近的肠系膜套入与其相连的一段肠腔内而引起的一种严重肠变位,其典型的临床症状表现为腹痛、呕吐、胃肠臌胀、排便排气停止。这2种疾病常发生于幼犬,肠炎型细小病毒病患犬常继发肠套叠。现将1例肠炎型细小病毒病患犬在治疗期间继发肠套叠的诊治情况报道如下,供同行参考。     

犬细小病毒病的防治

正犬细小病毒病又称细小病毒性肠炎。犬细小病毒性肠炎是由犬细小病毒引起的,以呕吐、拉稀、拉血为主的、死亡率较高的一种烈性肠道传染病。本病常发生于幼犬。1症状本病的症状有两型,即肠炎型和心肌炎型1.1肠炎型潜伏期约7～14天。发病的初期为1～2天,狗狗会表现出抑郁、厌食、发热和呕吐。一般先呕吐后腹泻,呕吐物为清亮、胆汁样或带血。随后开始剧烈腹泻,起初粪便呈灰色或黄色,随后呈酱油色或番茄汁样,带     

犬细小病毒性肠炎的临床诊断与治疗

犬细小病毒病是由犬细小病毒(CPV)感染引起的,主要以严重肠炎综合征和心肌炎综合征为特征的犬科和鼬科动物传染病。笔者对天津某宠物医院1只病犬进行研究,经临床诊断、血气化验与CPV快速诊断试纸检测等方法确诊此犬患有犬细小病毒性肠炎。在接受了10 d治疗后,患犬最终痊愈出院。结果表明,犬细小病毒性肠炎在确诊后接受早期治疗,会有很高的治愈率。     

犬细小病毒病的诊治

犬细小病毒病是由犬细小病毒（CPV）感染引起,以严重肠炎综合征和心肌炎综合征为特征的犬科和鼬科动物的重要传染病[1]。犬细小病毒病自1978年首先在澳大利亚和加拿大被发现后,至今世界各地均有流行,幼犬发病率和病死率很高。1病原犬细小病毒属细小病毒科细小病毒属。病毒颗粒呈圆形,无囊膜,由32个壳粒组成。基因组为单股线状DNA,在DNA的两端各有一个发夹样的回纹结构。基因组长5323bp,由3个结构蛋白VP1、VP2和VP3组成,其中VP2是病毒的主要结构成分[2]。     

高压灌肠术治疗犬肠套叠1例

犬肠套叠是幼犬常见病之一,有原发性肠套叠和继发性肠套叠2种.笔者曾收治1例肠炎型细小病毒病患犬,在治疗期间突然继发肠套叠,用高压灌肠术治愈,现将诊治情况介绍如下,供同行参考. 1 发病情况 2012年11月25日,周某饲养的1只罗威纳犬突然不食,呕吐,继而发生腹泻,擅自给患犬喂了"犬猫一滴灵"(恩诺沙星溶液),未见好转.经临床检查和犬细小病毒诊断试纸检测呈强阳性,遂按细小病毒病常规方法治疗,第3天症状基本得到控制,精神也逐步好转,但是当天下午患犬突然表现烦躁不安,频频回望腹部,痛苦呻吟,时而有排粪姿势,但无粪便排出.触摸患犬腹部,有移动的包块,感觉有肉肠样的硬度,初步诊断为继发肠套叠.     

两例犬细小病毒病的临床诊断与治疗

犬细小病毒病是由犬细小病毒(CPV)引起的一种烈性传染病,临床表现主要以呕吐、脱水、急性出血性肠炎和非化脓性心肌炎为特征。笔者对接诊的2例感染细小病毒患犬的诊治过程进行总结。通过一系列临床检查后,根据不同的临床表现采取不同的治疗措施,分别对患病犬进行抗菌消炎、抗病毒、止泻、止吐、止血和补液综合治疗,经治疗后其中1只患病犬康复。     

藏獒犬细小病毒流行病学调查及其防治

为了解犬细小病发病率、死亡率与藏獒年龄、免疫接种、季节之间的关系,并总结出一套治疗藏獒犬细小病最有效的方法。在2009年1月至2010年2月收治100例临床藏獒犬细小病病例,从流行病学、各种诊断方法、病理剖检、治疗等方面进行深入全面的研究。结果表明,犬细小病发病率及死亡率与藏獒的年龄、免疫接种、季节有很大的关系;通过应用以被动免疫(犬细小病血清、犬细小单克隆抗体)和联合主动免疫(弱毒疫苗)为主的综合治疗方法取得了良好治疗效果。     

19例犬细小病毒病的诊疗报告

对某动物医院确诊的19例犬细小病毒病患犬的治疗方法和经验进行汇总、归纳和分析,发现19例均为肠炎型。其中,与寄生虫混合感染的有2例,与冠状病毒感染的有4例,其余13例为单纯犬细小病毒感染。对于细小病毒病患犬要尽早、足量使用抗病毒药物治疗,并配合采取消炎、补液、纠正酸碱失衡等措施是保证疗效的关键。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.