黄羽鹌鹑生产性能观察

对第二世代黄羽鹌鹑生长、生产性能进行观测的结果,公母１∶３的配种比例情况下,种蛋受精率８８．６％,受精蛋孵化率８４．５％,健雏率９６．５％,育雏成活率９７％。平均蛋重１１．４３ｇ,试验期平均产蛋率８４．７％。３００日龄每鹑产蛋２１２个,料蛋比２．６８∶１。两周龄体重平均４７．７５ｇ,成年体重略轻,公鹑１１４．０６ｇ,母鹑平均为１４３．６３ｇ。     

鹌鹑饲养技术

1 抓好繁殖,育幼鹑 每年春秋两季孵化鹌鹑较为适宜.因此,要抓住这个适宜季节进行配种繁殖.每只公鹑每天只能交配1次,多配会影响种蛋的受精率.配种方法:将单笼饲养的公鹑捉出,放入母笼内,进行自由交配,交配后就捉出,以免浪费公鹑精力和引起母鹑反感.以后每天交配1次.在每一次交配后至少经过4～5天才生出受精蛋,所以应当用7天以后的蛋作种蛋.     

番鸭的蛋重对受精率孵化率及鸭苗初生重的影响

对黑白羽番鸭蛋重对受精率、孵化率及鸭苗初生重的影响程度进行观测分析。结果表明，大蛋（86－90克）和小蛋（70－74克）受精率都低，分别为85．38％、86．96％；受精蛋孵化率亦低，分别为67.57%、68．75％；出壳弱雏多，健雏率分别为90．71％、91．81％。中等蛋（75－85克）受精率高达93．97％，受精蛋孵化率亦达87．45％，健雏率为98％－99％。种蛋重与雏鸭初生重成正相关，初生重为蛋重的68．68％。     

鹌鹑的饲养经验

饲养鹌鹑投入小、管理简易、成本低、效益高.是一条致富的途径。现将鹌鹑的饲养管理技术介绍如下: 1.育幼鹑。每年春秋两季孵化鹌鹑较为适宜。每只公鹑每天只能交配1次,多配会影响种蛋的受精率,将单笼饲养的公鹑放入母鹑笼内进行自由交配。交配后就捉出以免浪费公鹑精力。以后每天交配1次,在第1次交配后至少经过4～5天才生出受精蛋,所以应当用7天以后的蛋作种蛋。鹌鹑无就巢孵化能力,全依靠人工孵化繁殖种群,也可用鸽子、母鸡代孵。     

鹌鹑的孵化与育雏

<正> 鹌鹑以其蛋、肉味美,营养价值高而著称于世。经过选育的现代鹌鹑品种,生长快,早熟,高产。年产蛋达260—300枚最高者年产蛋330—340枚。所以深受国内外人民欢迎,被誉为“禽中新秀”。我校从1983年引进鹑蛋,通过改善饲养管理水平提高了鹌鹌的受精率、孵化率及雏鹑成活率。本文简述鹌鹑的选种、选配,孵化与育雏技术。一、选种选配1.鹑群的组织在40日龄组织配种群。参加配种的公、母鹑均从健康高产的鹑群后代中选择,要求母鹑40日龄体重在120克以上,体躯各部位发育正常,淘汰病弱及有缺陷者。选择体格强健,发育良好,体躯结构均匀协调,前胸发达,背腰平直。羽毛光洁,眼大有神。     

鹌鹑种蛋质量对受精率特种经济动物和孵化效果的影响

试验旨在研究鹌鹑种蛋质量(蛋重、蛋形指数和蛋壳颜色)对受精率和孵化效果的影响。3 000枚种蛋按蛋重大小分为6组,3 500枚种蛋按蛋形指数大小分为7组,1 000枚种蛋按蛋壳颜色分为2组,每组10个重复。结果表明:蛋重在一定范围内种蛋受精率和孵化率提高,4~6组显著或极显著高于1~3组(P0.05或0.01);2~6组健雏率极显著高于1组(P0.01),随蛋重增加雏鹑初生重极显著增加(P0.01)。蛋形指数对种蛋受精率和孵化率有显著影响,2~5组受精率、3~5组孵化率均显著高于1、6、7组(P0.05)。蛋壳颜色对种蛋受精率、孵化率有显著影响,有光泽的褐斑蛋显著高于无光泽白粉浅色蛋(P0.05)。结论,朝鲜龙城系鹌鹑种蛋最适蛋重为11.00~14.00 g、最适蛋形指数为1.234~1.324,蛋壳颜色以有光泽的褐斑蛋为佳。     

樱桃谷鸭父母代蛋形指数对孵化效果的影响

本文研究樱桃谷鸭蛋形指数对孵化效果的影响,试验说明当蛋形指数为６９￣７５％时,其孵化效果最好,孵化率达８８．３％,健雏率最高,其中７１￣７３％的蛋形指数,受精蛋孵化率达９３．８％,当蛋形指数小于６９．０％时,孵化率为８１．３％,健雏率仅为８３％,大于７５％,孵化率为７９．３％,健雏率７７．３％,另外,蛋形指数对蛋精率影响不显著均为９５％。     

修水黄羽乌鸡种蛋孵化效果分析

为了掌握修水黄羽乌鸡的种质特性,本文统计、分析了15批次种蛋的孵化性能,并进行各项指标之间的相关性分析和前、中、后期性能差异显著性分析.结果表明:在正常情况下,修水黄羽乌鸡种蛋的受精率平均为94.43％;平均入孵蛋孵化率为81.15％;平均受精蛋孵化率为85.91％;健雏率为平均97.46％.受精率与孵化率和健雏率、孵化率与健雏率均有较强的正相关.受精率、孵化率和健雏率均是中期最高,对应的受精率差异不显著,孵化率和健雏率差异显著.修水黄羽乌鸡种蛋的受精率和健雏率已达较高水平,孵化率有待提高.     

家禽生产性能指标名称和计算方法(试行标准)

孵化 (一)种蛋合格率;数占产蛋总数的百分比。指种母禽在规定的产蛋期内所产符合本品种、品系要求的种蛋种蛋合格率(%)=合格种蛋数产蛋总数X 100(二)受精率:受精蛋占入孵蛋的百分比。血圈、血线蛋按受精蛋计算;散黄蛋按无精蛋计算。受精率(%)=受精蛋数入孵蛋数X 100(三)孵化率(出雏率):1.受精蛋孵化率:出雏数占受精蛋数的百分比。受精蛋孵化率(%)=出雏数受精蛋数X 1002.入孵蛋孵化率:出雏数占.入孵蛋数的百分比。入孵蛋孵化率(%)=出雏数入孵蛋数X 100健雏指适时出壳、绒毛正常,脐比分百的数雏出占。数者禽形雏畸康1无健、指泼 :活率神雏精…     

鹌鹑新城疫的诊断与防治效果分析

<正>1发病情况石嘴山市某鹌鹑场,饲养鹌鹑3万多只,2009年4—5月份该场的鹌鹑发生了疫病。仅4月份,该场1~20日龄的雏鹑死亡率达55.8%,21~40日龄仔鹑的死亡率达46.8%,蛋鹑(包括41日龄以上转入成年鹑的青年鹑在内)死亡率达8.1%,青年鹑开产期     

籽鹅种蛋蛋重与蛋形指数对孵化效果影响的研究

本试验旨在研究不同水平蛋重与蛋形指数对籽鹅种蛋孵化效果的影响,进而总结出种蛋筛选的最佳方案,为籽鹅个体、家系种蛋的选留及籽鹅的繁衍、孵化、生产提供科学参考。选取二年籽鹅种蛋2 469枚,蛋重为94.8~154.4 g,平均蛋重（123.3±9.5）g;蛋形指数为1.24~1.63,平均蛋形指数1.45±0.05。采用2因素4水平试验设计,将所有种蛋按蛋重与蛋形指数分成16个孵化组（蛋重与蛋形指数分别分为4个水平）,测量每枚种蛋蛋重与蛋形指数,并在蛋壳上做好编号,在相同孵化条件、同一孵化设备中进行两次孵化试验。结果表明,①蛋重<118.0 g组种蛋受精率最高,>131.9 g组次之;>131.9 g组种蛋受精蛋孵化率最高,125.0~131.9 g组次之,且受精蛋孵化率随着蛋重增大升高;125.0~131.9 g组种蛋孵化健雏率最高,>131.9 g组次之;>131.9 g组种蛋孵出鹅雏出生重最大。②蛋形指数在1.47~1.51组种蛋受精率及种蛋孵化健雏率最高,>1.51组次之;1.47~1.51组种蛋受精蛋孵化率最高,1.42~1.46组次之。分析以上结果可得出：籽鹅种蛋蛋重对种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率、鹅雏出生重有显著影响（P<0.05）,以籽鹅蛋重在125.0~154.4 g为宜;蛋形指数对种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率亦有显著影响（P<0.05）,对种蛋孵出鹅雏出生重无影响（P>0.05）,以蛋形指数在1.47~1.51为宜。籽鹅种蛋蛋重与蛋形指数对受精率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率、鹅雏出生重的影响均存在交互作用。其中,蛋形指数对种蛋孵化健雏率的影响较蛋重强,其作为单一因素对鹅雏出生重无影响。以上结果表明,以蛋重或蛋形指数任一因素作为种蛋筛选的依据都不科学,应综合考虑以达到种蛋优选的目的。     

Impact of Hatching Egg Weight and Egg Shape Index on Hatching Results in Zi Goose

This paper was aimed to study the impact of hatching egg weights and egg shape indexs on hatching of Zi goose,and then sum up the best scheme for hatching eggs screening,so as to provide scientific reference for the selection and retention of Zi goose individuals and family hatching eggs,as well as the breeding and incubation production.2469 hatching eggs of Zi geese of the second year were chosen with the weight range of 94.8 to 154.4 g and an average weight of (123.3±9.5) g;the egg shape index range was 1.24~1.63 and the average index was 1.45±0.05.Using 2 factors 4 levels test design,the weight and the shape index of eggs were divided into four levels and all the eggs were separated into 16 hatching groups.The weight and the shape index were measured and labeled on eggshells.Two hatching experiments were conducted in the same instrument and the hatching conditions were same.The results showed that:① Egg fertility rate was the highest in egg weight <118.0 g group,followed by >131.9 g group;Hatchability of fertilized eggs was the highest in >131.9 g group,followed by 125.0~131.9 g group,and the hatchability of fertilized eggs increased along with the increase of egg weight;The highest healthy chick rate of breeding egg hatching lay in 125.0~131.9 g group,followed by >131.9 g group;The highest breeding egg hatching gosling birth weight lay in >131.9 group.② When egg shape index was between 1.47 to 1.51,the egg fertility rate and healthy chick rate were the highest,followed by >1.51 group;In the group 1.47 to 1.51,hatchability of fertilized eggs was the highest,followed by 1.42 to 1.46 group.In conclusion,hatching egg weight of Zi goose had significant impact on egg fertility rate,hatchability of fertilized eggs,healthy chick rate and gosling birth weight (P<0.05),and the egg weight of Zi goose between 125.0~154.4 g was advisable;on the other hand,egg shape index also had significant impact on egg fertility rate,hatchability of fertilized eggs and healthy chick rate (P<0.05),but had no impact on gosling birth weight (P>0.05),and the egg shape index between 1.47 to 1.51 was appropriate.Egg fertility rate,hatchability of fertilized eggs,healthy chick rate and gosling birth weight were affected by interaction of egg weight and shape index.Compared with the weight of eggs,the egg shape index had greater influence on healthy geese rate.The egg shape index had no direct impact on birth weight of young geese,but it could be influenced by the interaction between the egg shape index and the weight.Thus it was not very scientific to take either the weight or the index as the only basis for choosing qualified hatching eggs.     

Effects of the age of male and female broiler breeders on sexual behaviour, fertility and hatchability of eggs

1. The effects of the age of male and female broiler breeders on fertility, hatchability and sexual behaviour were determined in two 2x2 factorial experiments. In the 1st, male and female birds 27 to 29 and 35 to 37 weeks and in the 2nd at 35 to 37 and 55 to 57 weeks of age were compared. 2. Fertility was not affected by the age of the males or females. 3. Early embryo deaths were higher and hatchability of fertile eggs was lower in eggs from females aged 27 to 29 and 55 to 57 weeks compared with eggs from birds aged 35 to 37 weeks. 4. There were no differences in male display behaviours at any age. The number of observed matings were higher in young males 27 to 29 weeks old compared with males 35 to 37 and 55 to 57 weeks of age. There were no detectable differences in the responses of the females to the males at different ages. 5. Plasma testosterone concentration in males increased from 24 to 30 weeks of age and was relatively constant from 36 to 60 weeks. Plasma oestrogen in females was high at 24 and lowest at 30 weeks of age after which it increased. 6. The results suggest that there may be little difference in the fertility of male and female broiler breeders at different ages when body weight is adequately controlled to at least 60 weeks of age.     

Effects of supplemental vitamin E in diet of Japanese quail on male reproduction, fertility and hatchability

1. Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of feeding higher supplemental vitamin E (VE) concentrations on male reproductive variables, fertility and hatchability of quails. 2. In experiment 1, sixty 5-week-old male quails, reared in individual cages, were fed male breeder diets supplemented with 0, 75, 150, 225 or 300 IU alpha-tocopherol acetate/kg. At 10 weeks, observations on cloacal gland size, foam production, testes weight and blood samples for testosterone estimation were taken. 3. In experiment 2, 50 male and 50 female cage-reared quails (5 weeks old) were fed male breeder and layer rations, respectively, supplemented with 0, 75, 150, 225 or 300 IU/kg. At 13 weeks, 9 different mating pairs (5 pairs/group) were formed. Group 1 contained one control male and one control female in each of 5 pens. In groups 2 to 5, control males were paired with females on supplements of 75, 150, 225 or 300 IU/kg. In groups 6 to 9, control females were paired with males on supplements of 75, 150, 225 and 300 IU/kg. During subsequent adaptation and egg collection periods, each of 10 d, control layer ration was fed to all groups. All the eggs laid during the 10-d egg collection period were incubated artificially to estimate fertility and hatchability. The trial was repeated at 15 weeks. 4. Adult male quails receiving moderate supplemental VE (75 and 150 IU/kg) had a higher cloacal gland index, quantity of foam secretion, testicular weight and plasma testosterone than quails fed on either VE-deficient or more highly supplemented diets (225 and 300 IU alpha-tocopherol acetate/kg). 5. It was concluded that a supplement of 75 IU VE/kg in maize/soybean diet could provide the best reproductive performance of male breeder quails. Cloacal gland index, quantity of foam secretion, testicular weight and plasma testosterone can serve as indirect indicators of testicular activity and fertilising ability in quails. Supplemental VE did not affect the fertility and hatchability of male and female Japanese quails.     

Effect of coccidiosis on reproductive maturation of male Japanese quail

The effects of coccidiosis on reproductive development of male Japanese quail were examined. Male Japanese quail were exposed to high (5 x 10(5) sporulated oocysts/quail) or low (5 x 10(3) sporulated oocysts/quail) doses of Eimeria uzura at 16 or 30 days of age and sampled at 37 days. Quail given high doses of coccidia had reduced testes weight and lowered circulating concentrations of androgen compared with control males. Low doses of coccidia did not affect testes weight but did result in elevated plasma androgen levels. There were no differences in average testes weights by 51 days; however, plasma androgen was still reduced in most groups. To study the effects of coccidiosis on egg production, males exposed to high doses of coccidia at 16 (16H) or 30 (30H) days of age were mated with control females, and control males were mated with control or 16H females. The onset of laying was delayed for 5 days in the control male: 16H female group. During the first week of production, eggs from females bred to 30H males had lower fertility and hatchability than those bred to control or 16H males. By the third week of production, levels of fertility were similar. Apparently, exposure of quails to coccidiosis before sexual maturation might result in long-term effects on later reproductive capability.     

Effect of breeder age and breeding season on egg production and incubation in farmed ostriches

(1) This research was carried out to investigate changes in egg production and hatchability as influenced by age and breeding season of 10 trios (two females, one male) of ostrich (Struthio camellus) during 1998 to 2002. (2) Breeding season affected number of eggs laid per female per season, average egg weight, length of laying period and clutch sequence. (3) The number of eggs laid per female per season was 25 in the first breeding season and 57 by the fifth breeding season. The laying period lasted 169 d in the first season whereas it was 210 d by the fifth season. The breeding season became longer year by year. (4) The number of clutches was two in the first season, three in the second and 4 in the later breeding seasons: the mean interval between cycles was 9 to 10.6 d and the mean number of eggs in one cycle varied from 12 to 14.4. (5) The breeding season affected the hatchability of fertile eggs, chick weight at hatching, hatchability of total eggs, fertility, malpositioned embryos, deformed chicks and assisted chicks during hatching. The first 4 variables increased and the last three decreased, with each breeding season. (6) Weight loss of eggs and length of incubation were unaffected by the breeding season. Hatchability which was 64.3% in the first season increased progressively and reached 73.1% in the fifth breeding season.     

高海拔环境下不同品种鸡种蛋孵化效果研究

为评价不同品种鸡种蛋在高海拔地区的孵化性能,选取4个品种蛋鸡的种蛋在海拔3 780 m的环境条件下开展孵化试验,观察并比较高海拔环境下各品种鸡种蛋的孵化效果。结果表明,拉萨白鸡种蛋的受精率、入孵蛋孵化率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率都是最高的,分别为94.32%、76.70%、81.33%、94.41%;北京藏鸡种蛋的受精率最低,为74.00%;北京油鸡种蛋的入孵蛋孵化率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率都是最低的,分别为0.84%、1.00%、50.00%。     

Influence of mating sex ratio in commercial pheasant flocks on bird health and the production,fertility, and hatchability of eggs

1. The effects of two mating ratios (8:1 and 12:1 females:males) on bird health, egg production and quality, fertility (employing macroscopic and microscopic techniques) and hatchability were examined for pheasants (Phasianus colchinus) on a commercial game farm, to provide a baseline data set for production of pheasants under specific conditions. 2. Mating ratio did not significantly affect mortality or pathology of breeding birds. 3. Egg production was significantly higher for the 8:1 mating ratio over the first 5 weeks of the trial but this difference disappeared during the second half of the trial. 4. Incidence of rejected eggs increased as the season progressed, mainly due to poor shell quality, but it was not significantly affected by mating ratio. 5. Fertility of eggs produced from birds under an 8:1 mating ratio was consistently and significantly 4% higher than fertility of eggs from the 12:1 mating ratio. The incidence of eggs showing no sign of mating (no sperm) was twice as high for the 12:1 pens (13.7% of the sample). There was good agreement between macroscopic and microscopic examination of fertility in eggs. Higher fertility in the 8:1 pens appeared to be related to a higher proportion of the females being recruited and mated. 6. Hatchability was significantly improved by adopting an 8:1 mating ratio, presumably due to the higher fertility of the eggs. Candling of the eggs improved hatchability but only for the 12:1 pens probably because more clear eggs were removed from the tray.     

鸡的人工授精与自然交配种蛋孵化对比试验

该试验选用鸡的人工授精种蛋９４０枚及自然交配种蛋９６０枚,做了鸡的人工授精与自然资本种蛋孵化试验,结果表明：鸡人工授精后６ｄ内种蛋受精率平均为９４．５％,７ｄ后,受经极显著降低;人工授精后的种蛋受经及入孵种蛋孵化率均极显著高于自然交配组,两两者的受精种蛋孵化率无明显差异;另外,在试验过程中,还研究了种蛋贮存时间与化结果的关系,发现种蛋贮存期越短,孵化效果越好,贮存期最长不应超过７ｄ。     

The Productive Performance and the Correlation Analysis Between Hatchability and Egg Quality in Jiangxi Green-eggshell Layers

The purpose of this study was to provide the reference to Jiangxi Green-eggshell breeding through the analysis of laying performance, hatchability and egg quality in the first generation of Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers at 300-days old. 306 Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers and 80 eggs were selected to determine the laying performance, hatchability and egg quality among families, and the correlation between the hatchability and egg quality were analyzed also. The results were as fellows:The average body weight of these hens was 1 596.99 g, the average egg weight was 50.57 g, the average egg-laying number was 14.53, the average fertility rate was 93.69%, the average dead fertile egg rate was 5.55%, the average healthy chick rate was 84.3%, the average dead embryo egg rate was 13.9%, the average egg shape index was 1.28, the average Haugh unit was 71.77, and the average eggshell strength was 4.44 kg/cm². The healthy chick rate and the egg weight had significant correlation,as well as the eggshell color and the egg shape index (P < 0.05). The healthy chick rate had extremely significantly correlation with the dead fertile egg rate(P < 0.01), as well as the eggshell strength and the eggshell thickness (P < 0.01). Generally, the first generation of Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers had good egg quality, higher laying performance and hatchability, but they still need to be further selected.