灵芝漆酶注释基因Lacc1的生物信息学分析及其Cu2+诱导表达

为验证Lacc1基因的功能，揭示灵芝漆酶基因及其启动子结构与其转录表达的内在关系，预测了Lacc1的氨基酸序列结构及灵芝漆酶注释基因Lacc1的上游启动子区域，研究已测序的菌株——灵芝P9在Cu2+诱导条件下漆酶基因Lacc1的表达情况。Protein Blast分析结果表明，Lacc1含有3个铜氧化酶(Cu–oxidase)保守结构域，与Polyporus ciliatus漆酶lcc3–3的相似性最高，为71%，并具有高度保守的漆酶特征序列L1–L4；亚细胞位置和信号肽预测结果表明，Lacc1含有信号肽，且为胞外分泌酶；Lacc1基因上游启动子区域包含1个TATA box、3个金属响应元件(MRE)、5个氮因子结合位点(NIT2)、1个压力响应元件(STRE)；在150 μmol/L Cu2+的诱导下，Lacc1基因的表达在第6、8、10和14天分别上调了2.8、4.9、1.6和1.9倍，通过对Lacc1的启动子结构和诱导表达分析，推测灵芝漆酶注释基因Lacc1的诱导表达特性与启动子区域的金属响应元件等调控位点具有极大相关性。     

红平菇HP1漆酶基因及启动子克隆和序列分析

以优化后的漆酶培养基为基础,将RT-PCR、RACE技术相结合,从红平菇菌株中获得漆酶基因cDNA全长及Genomic DNA全长序列,Genomic DNA大小为2 344 bp。通过对漆酶基因cDNA全长和Genomic DNA全长序列的比较,结果显示该基因包含13个外显子和12个内含子。基因cDNA全长为1 746 bp,其中包含1个完整的ORF,长度为1 590 bp,编码529个氨基酸。序列在氨基酸水平上与桃红侧耳Pleurotus salmoneostramineus的氨基酸序列具有较高的同源性,相似性达97%,与齿耳菌Steccherinum murashkinskyi漆酶氨基酸序列相似性达到72%。通过SEFA-PCR的方法,扩增得到漆酶基因起始密码子上游长1 126 bp的启动子序列。分析表明,该启动子区域上除分布有TATA-box、CAAT-box、AP2等基本的转录起始元件外,还存在多个潜在的顺式作用元件序列位点,包括4个MRE元件、2个CreA热击元件、2个STRE元件、1个NIT2元件、1个HSEs元件、1个XRE异生物质反应元件、4个氮因子结合位点等。不同外源诱导物可以调节红平菇HP1漆酶基因的表达。     

偏肿革裥菌漆酶基因克隆及启动子序列分析

以优化后的漆酶培养基为基础,通过RT-PCR和RACE技术相结合,从偏肿革裥菌 Lenzites gibbosa 菌株中获得编码漆酶基因的cDNA及Genomic DNA的全长序列,Genomic DNA大小为2 165 bp.通过比较该漆酶基因的cDNA和Genomic DNA的全长序列,发现该基因包含11个外显子和10个内含子.cDNA序列的全长为1 873 bp,其中包含一个完整的ORF,长度为1 563 bp,编码520个氨基酸.序列在氨基酸水平上与彩绒革盖菌 Trametes versicolor 的相似性评价最高,相似性达83%.通过SEFA-PCR的方法,扩增得到漆酶基因起始密码子上游长986 bp的启动子序列.分析表明,该启动子区域上除分布有TATA-box、CAAT-box以及AP2等基本的转录起始元件外,还存在有多个潜在的顺式作用元件序列位点,包括7个MRE元件、2个STRE元件、1个HSEs元件、7个氮因子结合位点等.这些结果表明,不同的外源诱导物可以调节偏肿革裥菌漆酶基因的表达.     

草鱼C–反应蛋白基因上游调控序列的扩增与分析

C–反应蛋白(CRP)是一种急性时相血清蛋白,与鱼类的天然免疫和炎症反应有密切的关系。通过Genome Walker方法扩增草鱼CRP基因的上游序列,获得长度为1 055 bp的DNA片段,测序后经过PLACE和BDGP等启动子和转录因子结合位点预测软件的预测,初步鉴定草鱼CRP基因的复制起始子序列为保守的TCAGATC,G为转录起始位点。高度保守的RNA聚合酶II的结合位点TATAA–box位于–41～–35 bp,CAAT–box位于–94～–91 bp,在–54～–5 bp处存在1个高度保守的核心启动子序列。此外,还发现与转录诱导调控有关的转录因子结合位点,包括4个E–box元件、3个GT1共有序列、2个GT1核心序列和2个I–box核心序列。     

胡萝卜sⅡ基因启动子克隆及序列分析

克隆胡萝卜直根特异性表达的液泡转化酶Ⅱ型同工酶(sⅡ)基因启动子序列,为实现外源基因在胡萝卜直根特异性表达做准备。从天红五寸参胡萝卜叶片中提取总DNA,采用PCR扩增方法获得sⅡ基因启动子序列,然后结合5'RACE实验方法和生物信息预测方法对sⅡ基因启动子进行序列特征分析。结果表明:从胡萝卜基因组DNA中PCR扩增得到预期大小的启动子片段,序列分析表明该启动子序列与已发表的序列具有99.6%的同源性;试验确定了该启动子的转录起始位点位于翻译起始位点上游26bp处的“A”;生物信息学预测该启动子的核心序列及上游增强子序列、抑制子序列、根特异性序列及受病原菌、损伤、干旱、ABA激素调控序列等顺式作用元件。成功克隆并序列分析了胡萝卜直根特异性表达的sⅡ基因启动子,为该启动子在植物基因工程中的应用奠定基础。     

Lenzites gibbosa锰过氧化物酶1基因启动子序列的克隆

根据已克隆到的Lenzites gibbosa锰过氧化物酶1cDNA全长基因Lg-mnp1,在5’端设计了3个巢式特异性引物,利用染色体步移技术克隆得到了其上游1 568 bp的启动子序列。采用Signal Scan进行了启动子序列分析。结果表明,在起始密码子上游-92～-43 bp区域为Lg-mnp1启动子的基础启动子区;在-52 bp处有一个转录起始位点,-83 bp处有1个TATAAA-box,-119、-196 bp有2个反向CCAAT-box(ATTGG)。启动子区也存在多个顺式作用元件,包括转录因子SP-1(GGGCGG)、转录因子AP-2(CCCMNSSS)、热激元件HSE(NTTCNNGAAN)及6个推定的金属响应元件MRE(TGCRCNC)等。     

转录因子Sp1对成肌细胞中猪SKIP的表达调控作用

利用基因组PCR步移方法获得猪SKIP转录起始位点上游2 075 bp启动子序列。生物信息学分析发现该序列中存在4个Sp1结合位点和1个CpG岛。将启动子序列构建到pGL3-basic的双荧光素酶报告基因载体上,再利用RNA干扰技术分析转录因子Sp1对SKIP转录的影响。荧光素酶活性分析发现Sp1的表达抑制使成肌细胞中SKIP启动子活性显著下降,表明转录因子Sp1可能通过顺式作用元件GC-Box对成肌细胞分化过程中SKIP基因的转录激活起正向调控作用。     

葡萄LEAFY基因启动子的克隆与序列分析

为探明葡萄LEAFY基因的表达调控规律,应用PCR技术从藤稔葡萄中克隆了1个长1 833 bp的DNA片段,该序列含有2个内含子区域,编码402个氨基酸,与葡萄LEAFY同源基因VFL有99%的同源性.应用基因组步移法克隆了LEAFY基因的5′侧翼序列925 bp,拼接后的LEAFY基因及启动子序列共2 692 bp(GenBank登录号EF222286).用PLACE、PlantCARE在线启动子预测工具分析表明:该序列含有启动子的特定结构,如TATA-box,CAAT-box等,另外含有一些顺式作用元件如MYB结合位点、ABA响应元件、光响应元件和一些其他的调控序列,说明葡萄LEAFY基因的表达可能受MYB、ABA和光等的调控.用FootPrinter在线工具对葡萄与拟南芥等其他4种植物的LEAFY同源基因启动子进行比较,发现不同植物的启动子既有保守性,又有多样性,转录因子结合位点的分布相似,但也有区别,暗示了LEAFY基因表达调控的精确性或多样性.     

葡萄LEAFY基因启动子的克隆与序列分析

为探明葡萄LEAFY基因的表达调控规律,应用PCR技术从藤稔葡萄中克隆了1个长1 833 bp的DNA片段,该序列含有2个内含子区域,编码402个氨基酸,与葡萄LEAFY同源基因VFL有99%的同源性.应用基因组步移法克隆了LEAFY基因的5′侧翼序列925 bp,拼接后的LEAFY基因及启动子序列共2 692 bp(GenBank登录号EF222286).用PLACE、PlantCARE在线启动子预测工具分析表明:该序列含有启动子的特定结构,如TATA-box,CAAT-box等,另外含有一些顺式作用元件如MYB结合位点、ABA响应元件、光响应元件和一些其他的调控序列,说明葡萄LEAFY基因的表达可能受MYB、ABA和光等的调控.用FootPrinter在线工具对葡萄与拟南芥等其他4种植物的LEAFY同源基因启动子进行比较,发现不同植物的启动子既有保守性,又有多样性,转录因子结合位点的分布相似,但也有区别,暗示了LEAFY基因表达调控的精确性或多样性.     

猪RELMβ基因启动子区克隆及序列分析

本研究旨在分析猪RELMβ基因启动子结构,初步探索RELMβ基因表达调控机制。通过PCR方法扩增RELMβ基因的系列启动子缺失片段并分别克隆到荧光素酶报告基因表达载体p GL3-Enhancer中,经酶切、测序和生物信息学分析,构建包含RELMβ启动子系列截短的荧光素酶报告基因重组质粒,脂质体转染至HT29和293T细胞,应用双荧光素酶活性检测系统检测启动子活性。试验获得了猪RELMβ基因约1 kb的启动子序列,序列比对发现猪和人物种间相似性仅34.9%,猪和小鼠的同源性是82.4%。生物信息学分析预测猪RELMβ基因转录起始位点在-556 bp处,猪和人RELMβ基因启动子存在系列保守的转录因子结合位点,包括Cdx2、SRY、NFKB、NKX-2、c-Myb、GATA-1、GATA-3、C/EBP、MZF1等。细胞检测结果显示,p GL-RELMβ(-574~+215)活性最强,推测在-574~-182 bp位点之间存在RELMβ基因启动子的关键顺式调控元件,这一区域发现SRY、Cdx2、GATA-1和MZF1等关键转录因子结合位点。     

绿竹花发育相关基因BoAP3的克隆与分析

MADS—box基因家族在决定花分生组织特性和花器官发育过程中起着重要的作用。以绿竹Bambusaoldhamii开花试管苗花芽为植物材料,采用cDNA末端快速扩增技术（rapid amplification of cDNAends,RACE）技术,获得了1条MADS—box基因家族的基因,命名为BoAP3。序列分析结果表明：BoAP3开放阅读框（open reading frame,ORF）长度为654bp,编码218个氨基酸,具有典型的植物MADS—box蛋白结构,其编码肽链包含了MADS区、K区、I区和C区。B胡丹与小麦Triticum aestivum,水稻Oryzasatva等AP3-like同源基因所编码的氨基酸同源性达到80％以上。定量聚合酶链式反应（PCR）结果表明：BoAP3基因在开花试管苗的花芽中表达量是不开花试管苗营养芽表达量的8．1倍,表明该基因可能参与了花器官的发育。     

C型产气荚膜梭菌α、β1、β2毒素基因融合及免疫原性研究

为了构建具有良好免疫原性的α-β1-β2融合蛋白,利用PCR技术,从含C型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素基因的克隆质粒pETXAl中扩增出0.95 kb α毒素基因,将其连接到经Nco I单酶切并用碱性磷酸酶处理的含1.65 kb β1-β2融合基因的重组质粒pETXB1B2上,构建含2.6 kb α-β1-β2融合基因的表达质粒重组菌株BL21(DE3)(pETXAB1B2).经酶切鉴定和序列测定证实.构建的重组质粒pETXAB1B2含有α-β1-β2融合基因,且基因序列和阅读框架正确.经ELISA检测,重组菌株表达的α-β1-β2融合蛋白能够被α、β1和β2毒素抗体识别.表达优化结果表明,以IPTG为诱导荆诱导α-β1-β2融合基因表达的优化条件是:培养基PH 7.5,培养温度37℃,IPTG浓度0.4 mmol.L-1,菌体生长密度OD600达到1.0时加入IPTG,诱导时间5 h,此时α-β1-β2融合蛋白表达量为31.2%.免疫试验结果表明,α-β1-β2融合蛋白免疫的小鼠可以抵抗1MLD(最小致死量,minimum lethal dose)C型产气荚膜梭菌标准株C59-44毒素攻击,表明构建的重组菌株可以作为预防仔猪红痢基因工程亚单位苗的候选菌株.     

Cloning,expression, and polymorphism of the ECI1 gene in various pig breeds

The enzyme Δ~3,Δ~2-dienoyl-CoA isomerase(ECI1) plays a crucial role in the mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids with a double-bond in odd and even positions. The ECI1 gene might be a qualified candidate for studies pertaining to lipid deposition and meat quality in swine. In the present study, ECI1 cDNA of the Tibetan pig was obtained by in silico cloning and verified by PCR analysis. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) of ECI1 were screened by PCR-sequencing and genotypes of those SNPs were tested by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) in Diannan small-ear pigs(DSP, n=40), Tibetan pigs(TP, n=60) and Yorkshire pigs(YP, n=30). The expression levels of ECI1 were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting in tissues of the liver, backfat, and longissimus dorsi(LD) muscle of DSP(n=8), TP(n=8) and YP(n=8). Single factor linear correlation analysis was applied separately for each breed to evaluate correlations between ECI1 gene expression in the LD muscle and intramuscular fat(IMF) content. We obtained an ECI1 gene length of 1 401 bp from the cDNA that contained a full coding region of 909 bp. Three novel SNPs(g.42425337GA; g.42424666AG; and g.42422755AG) were detected, and only g.42424666AG exhibited three genotypes among the three breeds. The ECI1 expression levels in the LD muscle of DSP and TP were significantly higher than that of YP(P0.05). Moreover, TP had the highest ECI1 expression in backfat(P0.01), and a positive correlation was observed between gene expression and IMF content. The results suggest that differences in ECI1 gene expression might be related to lipid deposition and meat quality in pig.     

BcDR1, a putative gene, regulates the development and pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea

Botrytis cinerea is one of the important phytopathogenic fungi. Cloning of the genes related to their development and pathogenicity is fundamental to the pathogen control. A mutant (BCt160), which produces abnormal conidia and no sclerotia, was identified from Botrytis cinerea mutant library generated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation (ATMT). Southern blotting analysis showed that one T-DNA insertion occurred in the genome of the mutant. TAIL-PCR (thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR) and bioinformatic analysis indicated that the exogenous T-DNA insertion occurred in the second exon of a putative gene BC1G_12388.1, named as BcDR1 (B. cinerea development-related gene 1). The function analysis of BcDR1 gene showed that the BcDR1 was related to development, morphological differentiation, and pathogenicity of B. cinerea, suggesting that BcDR1 gene was required for the development and pathogenicity of B. cinerea.     

Genome-wide identification,molecular evolution,and expression divergence of the hexokinase gene family in apple

Hexokinase(HXK) is the first irreversible catalytic enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, which not only provides energy for plant growth and development but also serves as a signaling molecule in response to environmental changes. However, the evolutionary pattern of the HXK gene family in apple remains unknown. In this study, a total of nine HXK genes were identified in the Malus×domestica genome GDDH13 v1.1. The physiological and biochemical properties, exonintron structures, conserved motifs, and cis-elements of the MdHXK genes were determined. Predicted subcellular localization indicated that the MdHXK genes were mainly distributed in the mitochondria, cytoplasm, and nucleus. Gene duplication revealed that whole-genome duplication(WGD) and segmental duplication played vital roles in MdHXK gene family expansion. The ω values of pairwise MdHXK genes indicated that this family was subjected to strong purifying selection during apple domestication. Additionally, five subfamilies were classified, and recent/old duplication events were identified based on phylogenetic tree analysis. Different evolutionary rates were estimated among the various HXK subfamilies. Moreover, divergent expression patterns of the Md HXK genes in four source-sink tissues and at five different apple fruit developmental stages indicated that they play vital roles in apple fruit development and sugar accumulation. Our study provides a theoretical basis for future elucidation of the biological functions of the MdHXK genes during apple fruit development.     

Cloning, sequencing, and expression of the gene coding for the human platelet alpha 2-adrenergic receptor

The gene for the human platelet alpha 2-adrenergic receptor has been cloned with oligonucleotides corresponding to the partial amino acid sequence of the purified receptor. The identity of this gene has been confirmed by the binding of alpha 2-adrenergic ligands to the cloned receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The deduced amino acid sequence is most similar to the recently cloned human beta 2- and beta 1-adrenergic receptors; however, similarities to the muscarinic cholinergic receptors are also evident. Two related genes have been identified by low stringency Southern blot analysis. These genes may represent additional alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtypes.     

Bacillus paralicheniformis左聚糖蔗糖酶基因克隆表达及酶学性质研究

[目的]从耐热菌株中克隆表达左聚糖蔗糖酶基因,以获得热稳定性较好、底物耐受性高的重组酶,为左聚糖蔗糖酶催化机理及生产应用研究提供技术基础.[方法]从市售菌肥中筛选耐热菌株并克隆其左聚糖蔗糖酶基因,以pSE380为载体构建重组质粒并转化至大肠杆菌诱导表达,随后通过镍亲和层析获得电泳纯的重组左聚糖蔗糖酶并研究其酶学性质.[结果]分离到耐热菌株LN-05,经16S rDNA序列分析鉴定为Bacillus paralicheniformis.克隆表达的B.paralicheniformis左聚糖蔗糖酶与已公布地衣芽孢杆菌(B.licheniformis)RN-01的左聚糖蔗糖酶存在19个氨基酸残基差异.重组酶催化水解反应最适pH为6.0,最适温度为45℃,于40和45℃保温3 h后残余酶活力分别为89%和78%.Mn2+、Ag3+和Cr2+对重组左聚糖蔗糖酶的水解活力有明显抑制作用,Co2+和Al3+对水解活力具有一定促进效果;Ba2+、Mg2+和Mn2+对聚合活力有明显抑制作用,Ag3+、Cu2+和K+对聚合活力具有促进作用.EDTA对重组酶水解活力和聚合活力均具有抑制作用.在最适条件下,重组左聚糖蔗糖酶的最大反应速率(Vmax)=74μmol/(min·mg),米氏常数(Km)为7.57 mmol/L.催化聚合反应的最适温度随着底物蔗糖浓度而变化,当蔗糖浓度为50%时,最适温度为40℃;最适聚合反应pH为5.0;当酶浓度为0.9 U/mL,在最适条件下反应24 h,左聚糖产糖量达183.00±1.73 g/L,蔗糖转化率为(36.76±1.84)%.[结论]B.paralicheniformis左聚糖蔗糖酶的热稳定性较好,左聚糖产量高,具有转化蔗糖生产高附加值左聚糖的应用潜力.