转rolA、B、C基因枳橙快繁技术

通过对转rol基因枳橙B、D、E系及对照的高接植株春梢茎段进行萌芽诱导、增殖及试管苗生根成苗的试验,摸索出适宜枳橙快繁各种培养基配方及培养条件。结果表明,以MS+6-BA1mg/L的培养基适合于芽萌发,以MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L的培养基适合于芽增殖,生根则以1/2MS+NAA0.5mg/L+0.2%活性炭的组合最佳,转基因各系生根率均在93.3%以上,显著高于对照生根率(66.7%)。快繁苗移栽成活率可达90%,目前生长良好。     

文心兰组织培养的研究

 以文心兰不同发育时期的花蕾为外植体，研究了影响丛芽诱导、增殖、生根壮苗的主要因素。结果表明，处于原芽期的花蕾是诱导丛芽的较好材料；适合花原芽诱导丛芽的培养基是MS+6-BA 4.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+3%蔗糖，适合丛芽增殖成苗的培养基是Ms+6一BA 2.0～4.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+3%蔗糖，适合生根壮苗的培养基为1/2 MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L+2%蔗糖。     

甘蔗茎尖胚状体脱毒苗快繁技术研究

以甘蔗新台糖22号为材料,比较茎尖胚状体、茎尖与腋芽3种分化成苗繁育方法在不同时期接种、不同激素水平下的组培苗增殖速度、苗素质及脱毒效果。试验结果表明：组培苗繁殖速度以茎尖胚状体分化苗最快,增殖5代后扩繁2589倍,茎尖297倍,腋芽104倍,培养基以6-BA 1.5mg/L＋NAA 0.01-0.1mg/L增殖效果最好;组培苗质量与繁殖速度相反;出现不正常生长的苗类型有白化苗、细弱小苗、玻璃化苗、疯长苗4种,茎尖胚状体苗发生率1.77%,茎尖苗1.56%,腋芽苗0.31%;不同处理间组培苗生根及移栽成活率差异不显著,生根率茎尖胚状体苗75.3%、茎尖苗76.9%、腋芽苗76.6%,移栽成活率茎尖胚状体苗94.8%、茎尖苗95.4%、腋芽苗95.1%,生根培养基以NAA7.5mg/L＋ABA 2.5mg/L最好;去除RSD、花叶病方面,以茎尖胚状体苗最好,RSD去除率95%、花叶病去除率100%,茎尖苗RSD去除率70%、花叶病75%,腋芽苗未能去除RSD、花叶病。应用茎尖胚性细胞再生植株,脱毒效果好,繁殖速度快,可克服目前脱毒苗生产中试管苗扩繁量小、成本高的难题。     

银柳胡颓子茎尖组织培养的研究

以银柳胡颓子(Elaeagnus angusti folia L.)茎尖为外植体,MS为基本培养基,添加不同比例的植物生长调节剂,进行了离体培养.结果表明,茎尖初代培养基最佳组合为:1/2 MS BA 3.0 mg/L IAA 0.01 mg/L 蔗糖20 g/L 琼脂10 g/L;芽继代增殖的最适培养基为:MS KT 1.0 mg/L 蔗糖20 g/L 琼脂7.5 g/L;无根苗转移到1/2 MS NAA 0.1 mg/L 蔗糖20 g/L 琼脂7.5 g/L的培养基上,生根率达100%.     

芥蓝的组织培养研究

以尖叶中迟芥蓝为材料,取其带柄子叶和下胚轴进行组织培养,用不同浓度的6-BA和不同浓度的NAA处理,之后在生根培养基上分化根.结果表明:不同配方的培养基和不同浓度的6-BA显著影响芥蓝愈伤组织的增殖和不定芽的分化,最佳配比为:MS 3%蔗糖 0.8%琼脂 2 mg/L 6-BA 0.2 mg/L NAA.不同浓度的NAA、不同外殖体之间对芥蓝组培芽分化的影响不显著,不同激素的不同浓度也不能显著地提高根的分化率,但含0.2 mg/L 6-BA的生根培养基较合适.     

Effect of plant density and macronutrient nutrition on Delphinium shoot cultures

The effect of shoot density on the uptake of macronutrients from MS medium and growth rates of Delphinium shoot tissue cultures was determined. Multiplication rates and uptake of phosphate, nitrate and sugar per shoot increased with decreasing shoot density. Increasing the concentration of total nutrients significantly increased both fresh weight gain and multiplication rate at the high plant density (15 shoots 50 ml'1 medium) usually used for micropropagation. However, increasing the phosphate concentration (phosphate being the nutrient most rapidly depleted in the medium) resulted in higher fresh weight only, while the multiplication rates of shoots remained similar.     

琯溪蜜柚落花落果特性及养分损失定量化研究

[目的]以福建省平和县特色柑橘品种琯溪蜜柚为实验材料,进行不同分级花的形态和落花落果的养分含量及其脱落损耗的养分定量化研究,以期为蜜柚开花坐果期的养分管理和合理施肥提供科学依据.[方法]在平和县坂仔镇优势种植区选取盛果期琯溪蜜柚(8～15年生),分别开展不同分级花(Ⅰ-Ⅴ级)的形态、生物量、养分浓度特性以及落花落果的动...     

Clonal propagation of Poncirus trifoliate through culture of shoot primordia

Summary

In Poncirus trifoliate, a highly efficient clonal propagation system for the culture of shoot primordia was devised. Shoot primordia were induced at the base of hypocotyl tissue cultured on MS medium supplemented with 44.4 µM BA, 3% sucrose and 0.8% agar. In MS liquid medium (44.4 µM BA, 3% sucrose) on a rotary shaker at two revolutions per minute, shoot primordia of Poncirus grew in size and number. Plant regeneration occurred on MS solid medium. Frequency of regeneration was highest on MS basal medium containing 3% sucrose and 0.8% agar. About 75 shoot buds regenerated from one shoot primordium. Histological observations showed that shoot buds arose from cells in the hypodermal layers of the shoot primordium. The shoot bud developed a vascular system, which became connected to the shoot primordium tissue. Regenerated shoots rooted on 1/2 MS basal medium or 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 0.5 or 5.0 µM IBA. These rooted shoots were acclimatized easily under intermittent mist.     

稀土元素在马蹄组培增殖培养中的应用

以马蹄芳林1号茎尖为外植体,研究不同浓度的稀土元素La、Ce和Sm对马蹄组培苗增殖系数、干物质量和叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明:以45mg/L的Sm处理效果最佳,此时增殖系数为9.2,每株干物质量为0.28g,叶绿素含量为1.73mg/g鲜重,相对增加48.0%,丛生芽生长快,叶色浓绿,容易形成壮苗。     

Effects of high vineyard temperatures on the grapevine leafroll associated virus elimination from Vitis vinifera L. cv. Napoleon tissue cultures

In vitro culture of shoot tips and axillary buds was used for virus elimination from the Spanish autochthonous table grapevine cultivar Napoleon which was infected by Grapevine leafroll associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3) and Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV). High percentages of GLRaV-3-free plants (91–100%) were obtained by establishing shoot tip cultures from infected mother plants of the 29-228, 74-16 and 77-266 clones. Lower percentages of virus-free plants (71–87%) were obtained by in vitro culture of the first, the second and the third axillary buds of the growing distal shoots. Percentages of virus-free plants obtained with both shoot tips and axillary buds varied according to the time of the year when the explants were collected and the bud position on the shoot. A increased efficiency of in vitro tissue culture methods was observed when cultures were established in summer and it was due in part to the high vineyard temperatures reached in the southeast of Spain during the hot season. GFLV- and GLRaV-3-free plants were only obtained by thermotherapy in combination with tissue culture methods from co-infected plants of the clone 39-29.     

Commercial production of Cordyline terminalis (L) Kunth. from shoot apex meristem and assessment for genetic stability of somaclones by isozyme markers

Rapid multiplication of Cordyline terminalis (L) Kunth. was achieved from shoot apex explant on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 3% (w/v) sucrose and different concentration of growth regulators at various combinations. On MS medium supplemented with BA in combination with Adenine sulphate and IAA, shoot initiation and multiplication were obtained. Best elongations of shoots were found on 1/2 MS basal medium and shoots were rooted on 1/2 MS medium supplemented with IBA. Rooted plants passed through a hardening phase prior to ex vitro transfer. Clonal propagated plants established in garden soil were uniform and identical to mother plant in respect to growth characteristics and morphology. Isozymic profiles of different micropropagated clones were assessed for their genetic stability. Ten clones were tested for six isozymes. Only a few showed variation with respect to the banding pattern in esterase and superoxide dismutase. In superoxide dismutase, the two polymorphic isoforms (Rf 0.06 and 0.45) appeared in the clone C8 of the plants transferred to the field after 15 subcultural passages. Mobility and intensity of bands were monitored in other isozymes. Isozyme markers may be used as a tool for rapid screening of genetic stability in tissue cultured clones of C. terminalis.     

新疆吐鲁番地区‘无核白’葡萄水分和矿质元素周年吸收规律研究

为探究新疆吐鲁番地区‘无核白’葡萄水分和矿质元素的周年吸收规律,以4年生‘无核白’葡萄为试材,采用密闭式营养液循环供给系统栽培,避免了水分和矿质元素的流失,并设置低、中、高浓度(0.5、1.0和1.5倍标准配方浓度)的Hoagland营养液处理。在葡萄植株的生长发育过程中持续测定营养生长(新梢长度、新梢粗度、叶片面积)和生殖生长(果粒横径、果粒纵径、单果质量、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸)指标,检测和计算了不同发育阶段葡萄植株对水分和矿质元素的吸收量,并测定葡萄叶片和果实中矿质元素的含量变化。结果表明,中浓度营养液栽培的‘无核白’葡萄长势中庸,果实品质最佳,作为吐鲁番地区葡萄水分和矿质营养吸收量的参考依据,其生理需水量为每年4 149.5m~3·hm~(-2),矿质元素每公顷的吸收量分别为N 227.9 kg,P 22.9 kg,K 325.9 kg,Ca 341.8 kg,Mg 117.8 kg,Fe 1.9 kg,Mn 460.6 g,Cu 182.3 g,Zn 198.1 g,B 728.3 g。花后47~75 d,‘无核白’葡萄植株的水分和矿质元素吸收速率最大。叶片和果实中的矿质元素含量总体呈高浓度营养液处理中浓度营养液处理低浓度营养液处理的趋势。     

Carbohydrate changes in flowers,leaves, shoots and spurs of ‘Cox’s Orange Pippin’ apple during flowering and fruit setting periods

Summary

Changes of carbohydrate concentrations in different parts of the flower and the surrounding tissues (leaves, spurs and shoots) were measured in apple (Malus pumila) in 1987 and 1988, during the periods of flowering and fruit setting, to investigate their importance for fruit setting. HPLC was used for soluble sugar and sorbitol analysis. Starch was hydrolysed to glucose enzymatically and glucose concentration was determined colorometrically to estimate starch concentrations. Soluble sugars plus sorbitol (the soluble pool) increased rapidly in all parts of the flower from bud burst until full bloom. In contrast, in the same period, starch concentrations decreased rapidly and reached about zero at full bloom in the storage organs (shoots and spurs), indicating starch conversion to sugars and their movement to the growing flowers. Sorbitol was the most abundant carbohydrate in all apple tissue measured, with the exception of sepals, in which glucose concentration was the highest from full bloom onwards. Sepals had much higher glucose and fructose concentrations than leaf laminae but much lower sorbitol concentrations. Although dry weight, soluble pool and starch concentrations and total soluble pool content increased in the receptacle after petal fall, sucrose concentrations and total sucrose content dramatically decreased. These results suggest a preferential mobilization and utilization of sucrose rather than sorbitol during the fruit setting period and probably an important role of sucrose metabolism in fruit setting.     

金钻蔓绿绒组培再生体系的建立

以金钻蔓绿绒幼苗茎段为外植体,进行愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化及增殖培养的研究。结果表明:金钻蔓绿绒茎段在MS+6-BA 5.0mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L培养基可成功诱导出愈伤组织,继而分化出不定芽;不定芽适宜增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 6.0mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L,增殖倍数可达3.93;不定芽适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 1.0mg/L,生根率可达100%,移栽30d后成活率达95%以上。     

不同氮素形态配比对百合生长发育的影响

采用0∶100、10∶90、25∶75、75∶25、100∶0共5个不同铵态氮/硝态氮配比的营养液,对百合进行砂培盆栽试验,研究不同形态氮素配比对百合生长发育影响。结果表明:以硝态氮为主的营养液有利于百合的生长发育,可显著提高各器官的干物质积累以及植株地上部、根部的含N量。其中NH4+-N∶NO3-N=25∶75(N3)处理百合株高、花直径、叶片叶绿素含量、地上部干物质积累、根部N含量积累均达最大值,3个以上花蕾所占比例高,花期最长,说明N3处理的营养液有利于植株生长发育和花器官形成。     

营养液EC值对无土栽培番茄果实发育及蔗糖代谢的影响

以番茄栽培品种‘辽园多丽’为试材,在果实发育期通过添加不同浓度的NaCl来提高营养液的EC值,研究高EC值管理对水培番茄果实产量、品质及蔗糖代谢的影响。结果表明:3个高EC值处理都提高了成熟果实中可溶性糖、有机酸和维生素C含量,而且随着EC值的增加这种提高越明显。进一步的分析发现,随着营养液EC值的提高,番茄果实各部位己糖(果糖+葡萄糖)含量增加,蔗糖转化酶(酸性转化酶+中性转化酶)活性增强,而且己糖含量的增加和转化酶活性的增强主要发生在花后40～60d。以上结果表明:果实发育期高EC值管理下番茄果实可溶性糖含量的提高是由于蔗糖转化酶活性的增强引起的;在该试验中EC值1.25→2.5→3.8→5.2的处理果实的品质提高最多,干物重损失最少。     

Effects of N–P–K deficiency and temperature regime on the growth and development of Lilium longiflorum ‘Nellie White’ during bulb production under phytotron conditions

One-year-old scale bulblets of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. ‘Nellie White’ (Easter lily) were grown under a combination of six constant day/night temperature regimes and five N–P–K nutrient treatments under short days for 107 d (growing period 1 or GP-1) to compare the effects on growth and development and bulb production. Results during GP-1 were as follows: failure of bulblets to produce a shoot (“no-shows”) was found at high temperatures (30/26 and 26/22 °C) and not influenced by the nutrient treatments. Flower bud abortion was observed in the minus-N, minus-P, and minus-N–P–K treatments at high temperatures (30/26 or 26/22 °C), but not observed at any temperatures in the complete and minus-K treatments. The loss of bulb fresh weight in minus-N treated bulblets was less than in the other treatments resulting in less root and shoot growth in the minus-N treatment. At the intermediate temperatures where growth was highest, omission of N, P, K, or all three resulted in losses in stem bulb fresh weight, stem plus leaf fresh weight, number of flowers, and stem root fresh weight. Omission of N, P, or all three nutrients resulted in lowest basal root fresh weight. Bulb N and K concentrations were lowest in plants grown with complete nutrient solution at the two coldest temperature regimes (14/10 and 10/6 °C). Bulb P concentration was lowest at the three coldest (18/14, 14/10 and 10/6 °C) and the warmest (30/26 °C) temperature regimes. Stem length was shorter when P was omitted. Omission of any of the three nutrients resulted in lower concentrations of the other nutrients. The one exception was where low K did not affect N concentration. In the second phase of the experiment, plants grown at 18/14 °C and irrigated with the complete nutrient solution for 107 d (GP-1) were continued at this day/night temperature regime and five N–P–K nutrient treatments for another 89 d under long days (growing period 2 or GP-2). Results during GP-2 were as follows. Basal bulb yield was not impacted by omission of N, P, or K, or all three. Of all growth measurements, only stem plus leaf fresh weight was lower and only when all three nutrients (minus-N–P–K) were omitted. At the end of GP-2, basal bulb concentrations of N and P did not differ from the concentrations in bulbs at the beginning of GP-1; however, K concentration was lower at the end of GP-2. Omission of N or P further resulted in lower bulb K concentration, suggesting that a moderate supply of N, P, and K be applied during GP-2 since an additional year of bulb production is needed to produce forcing-sized bulbs.     

水分胁迫对成年糯米糍荔枝末次秋梢发育和成花的影响

以16年生糯米糍荔枝为试材,研究了水分胁迫对其末次秋梢发育和成花的影响。结果表明,干旱处理的末次秋梢萌芽抽梢期主要集中在8月下旬到9月上旬,保湿处理抽梢时期集中在9月上中旬,10月上旬干旱处理没有新梢抽出而保湿处理还有少量新梢抽生;9月份各旬抽生的末次秋梢从萌芽至老熟所需的时间均表现为保湿处理比干旱处理多11～13d,但末次秋梢从老熟到白点出现所需时间,保湿处理平均为39d,比干旱处理缩短17d;说明中度水分胁迫使末次秋梢的萌芽期提前,并缩短了秋梢的老熟时间,但是大大地延长了白点出现所需的时间。此外,干旱和保湿处理的植株枝梢成花率单株间差异较大,但总的来看中度水分胁迫对糯米糍荔枝成花没有促进作用。     

Comparison of sampling strategies for determining fruit mineral concentrations in ‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana Mill.)

Summary

Spatial and temporal variation in mineral and dry matter (DM: % dry weight) concentrations were examined in ‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit to identify sampling strategies for examining fruit mineral, DM and fruit quality relationships. Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), and DM concentrations were compared from different parts of the same fruit, from fruit harvested from different shoot types and locations within the same tree, and at different stages during the growing season, from fruit set to commercial harvest. The main source of variation within fruit was longitudinal, with K and DM concentrations being higher at the distal end of the fruit. Sampling methods based on equatorial plugs of tissue provided the best estimates of whole fruit values for DM and mineral nutrients. While there was much variability in the internal distribution of minerals within the fruit, the distribution was the same for fruit from both the northern and southern aspects of the tree. During the first 4 months after fruit set, fruit from determinate floral shoots (i.e., with a flower in the terminal position) had higher Ca and Mg concentrations than fruit from indeterminate shoots (i.e., with a shoot in the terminal position). After this time, fruit Mg and Ca concentrations were higher on indeterminate shoots, possibly because of changes in sink-strength and increased transpirational flow associated with new leaf growth on indeterminate shoots. The data showed that shoot type was a source of fruit-tofruit variability in an avocado crop, and that care should be taken in sampling fruit tissues for nutrient analyses.     

不同继代培养次数对苹果八棱海棠离体培养和遗传转化的影响

以苹果八棱海棠离体新梢和幼叶为外植体,研究不同继代次数对其离体繁殖、再生和遗传转化的影响。结果表明,随着继代培养次数的增加,继代10次和48次的八棱海棠离体增殖倍数、生根能力、不定芽的再生频率、每外植体再生芽数和GUS基因瞬时表达率均显著高于继代5次的;继代10次的增殖倍数和GUS阳性率明显多于继代48次的,其它指标相互间差异不显著;说明继代10次的芽苗较适合用于八棱海棠离体培养的外殖体材料,其幼叶较适于遗传转化研究。