益生素与有机酸对肉鸡生产性能的综合效应

抗生素作为畜禽生长促进剂,在抗菌促生长的同时,也抑杀了动物体内的有益菌,破坏了肠道微生态平衡,出现菌群失调现象,导致动物对病原菌的易感性。抗生素在动物产品中的残留和对环境的污染给人类健康带来的危害也日益引起人们的不安。因此,人们对能克服抗生素种种弊端,无污染、无残留、无抗药性的益生素和有机酸等生长促进剂日趋关注。     

添加乳酸杆菌和链球菌培养物对肉鸡生产性能影响

正随着人们对肉中抗生素耐药性和抗生素残留效应对健康危害的认识,益生菌替代抗生素生长促进剂被广泛认可。益生菌是一种活的微生物饲料补充剂,通过改善宿主动物的肠道微生物平衡而有益地影响宿主动物。抗生素滥用会危害畜禽生长,但益生菌能保护和促进畜禽生长。家禽胃肠道有原生菌群和外来菌群,在肠道内定居的原生菌群来自环境,外来菌群则通过直接饲喂饲料或饮用水引入微生物菌群或益生菌。     

克洛生(R)在养殖业中的应用

当前集约化养殖逐渐成为主导,与生产环境有关的疾病成为影响畜禽生产性能的最根本因素.动物的体况,尤其是肠道环境仍然是优化生产成绩的指标.然而,由于近些年来的抗生素滥用,特别是抗生素在畜禽产品中的残留,直接威胁着人类的健康.从饲料及食品安全的角度出发,微生态制剂正逐渐成为维护动物健康、保证动物生产性能的重要技术手段.克洛生?能够促进乳酸菌等有益菌群的生长以及控制梭茵等有害茵的数量,以此可以替代抗生素生长促进剂来保持肠道健康,维持肠道微生态平衡,从而改善动物的生产性能.     

提高动物福利

业界确信使用抗生素生长促进剂将减少危害禽类的健康，但提高动物福利这只是短期措施。欧盟委员会提议从２００６年１月起禁止抗生素生长促进剂的使用，只给业界四年时间来预先处理由于禁止使用抗生素生长促进剂而导致胃肠相关问题的产生。国家动物健康办公室（NOAH，NationalOfficeofAnimalHealth）指出，欧盟委员会的提议被推翻不仅关系到动物福利因素而且关系到“这一禁止将更进一步减少欧盟肉鸡业的竞争”这一基本原则。同时他们迫切要求服从RUMA导则中农药的使用说明。虽然预计抗生素生长促进剂很可能被加到育成鸡和肥育鸡饲料中…     

抗生素类生长促进剂对畜禽肠道屏障功能的调节研究进展

抗生素类生长促进剂(AGP)因其良好的促生长效果成为现代畜禽养殖中生长促进剂的"黄金标准",但因其引发的细菌耐药性问题使其使用受限。本文就AGP对肠道屏障功能的调节及其与动物生产性能的关系等研究进展进行综述,以期为AGP替代品研发提供理论借鉴。     

三种动物促生长剂对黄鸡色素沉积作用的研究

长期以来，某些抗生素作为动物生长促进剂用于畜禽养殖业上，大大提高了动物的生长速度和饲料效率，提高了动物的生产性能 (Rosen， 1995)。一般认为动物促生长剂的作用机理是通过抑制动物肠道内的革兰氏阳性菌，从而减少营养成分在被动物吸收之前的消耗，提高动物的生长效率。但是，一系列的研究发现，个别动物促生长剂对促进类胡萝卜素在内的大分子在消化道内的吸收有特殊的增强作用 (Wicher etc,1977; Morita etc.1994; Tozaki,1998; Yamamoto etc, 1994; Gotoh etc,1995;陈波等 1999)。 本试验的目的是以类胡萝卜素为研究对象，比较…     

天然无残留动物生长促进剂的生产技术

长期饲喂添加有抗生素的饲料,会导致动物肠道内及环境中病原微生物的耐药性越来越强。抗生素对畜禽的抗病促生长效果也会逐渐降低,以致饲料中抗生素添加量不断提高,畜禽产品中药物残留量不断增加。由于养殖者不能全面有效地遵守动物上市前有关停药措施,因而对人类健康构成威胁。目前,国内最新研制出的一种“天然无残留动物生长促进剂”,它采用先进的定向浸提技术,使中草药有效成份浓度最大程度地提高,经饲养试验完全可以作为抗生素的替代品。该成果已通过     

"家禽肠道疾病及其预防措施"专栏(二)防控坏死性肠炎的实用营养方法

近年来,肉鸡营养研究取得了重大的进展.抗生素生长促进剂以及肉骨粉的禁用迫使家禽业必须做出一些调整以维持动物肠道的健康以及营养物质的有效利用.     

抗生素与芽孢杆菌制剂对猪生产性能影响的比较研究

养猪生产中减少抗生素生长促进剂(AGP)使用量或取消某些抗生素的使用,会使猪的生产性能受到严重的影响,寻找一种能替代抗生素的作用而不影响猪的生产性能、健康水平、肉品的卫生安全以及生产者利润的途径也就变得越来越重要了。饲用的微生物制剂可以使动物肠道中有益微生物成为优势菌群,是替代抗生素的一种有效途径。通过研究结果表明,生长肥育猪饲料中添加凝结芽孢杆菌制剂可显著提高平均日增重,降低饲料成本,饲养效果与抗菌药痢茵净没有显著差异。而且,这些添加剂在不降低生产性能的前提下,均能够替代抗生素或抗菌药作为生长促进剂使用。     

一种兽用多菌株混合微生态制剂质量标准研究

<正>经驯化培育而生的多株益生菌对玉米、麦麸进行固体发酵,通过有效干燥工艺、真空包装制成的兽用多菌株混合微生态制剂,主要用作家禽、猪的生长促进剂及畜禽肠道细菌病的治疗,具有促进畜禽生长、抑制畜禽病原菌生长、治疗畜禽肠道菌病、净化养殖环境、减少畜牧业生产对环境造成的污染等功用,可     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.