皖系粗毛型长毛兔与法系安哥拉兔毛质对比分析的初步研究

利用中法双方兔毛分析方法对刀剪毛的皖系粗毛兔和手拨毛的法系安哥拉兔兔毛的各项物理性能进行了测试比较。据法方测定：皖系粗毛兔粗毛率（不包括两型毛）、粗毛细度和细毛细度分别为１．４４９５％、３６．１７５０μｍ和１２．１８５４μｍ，均接近法系兔（Ｐ＞０．０５）；两型毛细度为２２．８８３５μｍ，比法系兔高９．８５％（Ｐ＜０．０ｌ）。经我方测定：皖系粗毛兔两型毛细度、粗毛长度及细毛强度为２８．３４６７μｍ、１１．８３４４ｃｍ和３．２２１８克，分别比法系兔高１０．１３％、ｌｌ．０９％和１９．７０％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；两型毛比例为３．８１３３％，比法系兔低７１．７４％；其他各项指标两品系间差异均不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。以上结果表明，皖系粗毛兔刀剪毛的各项物理性能，除两型毛外，已基本达到法系兔手拔毛的水平。     

机梳兔绒——长毛兔产业的下一个春天

兔毛主要有大粗毛、兔绒、中粗毛、剪毛4个规格类型。根据兔毛应用上的差异,大粗毛分为朵型大粗毛、散型大粗毛、绒粗(手拔兔绒拔下的粗毛);兔绒分为手拔兔绒、机梳兔绒;中粗毛分为剪中粗、拔中粗(第一、二次拔大粗时拔下的背毛);剪毛分为原生毛、配拼毛(长毛兔毛与机梳毛渣、獭兔毛、菜兔毛不同比例的混拼毛)。配拼毛最大的优势是价格低廉。长毛兔兔毛中拼配獭兔毛、菜兔毛原先一直被认为是以次充好的     

粗毛型长毛兔新品系毛质分析研究

为了提高长毛兔兔毛纤维中的粗毛率和毛品质，在德系安哥拉兔群中导入了高粗毛率的基因，以新西兰兔、法系安哥拉兔、ＳＡＢ德系兔的血液参入。从８８年开始，经过三代杂交所产生的杂交粗毛型兔群中选出粗毛率高、产毛量高的兔进行横交，然后进行世代选育。目前已进入四世代。１１月龄的粗毛兔选育群，平均粗毛率达１５．５５％，少部分核心群兔粗毛率达２１．４５％，参加繁殖１－２胎的周岁成年母兔粗毛率平均达１７．７２％，年产毛量达８５０～８７０克（９－１１月龄的估测产量）。８月龄的平均体重达４０６５克，成年兔体重达４５０６克。８月龄的绒毛细度１２．８０微米，粗毛细度４０．４９微米，强力２．８１克，伸长率为５０．４１％，兔毛的吸湿率达１６．９６％。     

皖系粗毛型安哥拉兔的选育

采用杂交育种的方法 ,通过德系安哥拉兔、新西兰白兔两品种间杂交以及 10余年的继代选育后 ,成功地培育了高产优质高效的皖系粗毛型安哥拉兔。该品系兔体型中等 ,11月龄体重、体长及胸围分别为 42 5 8.2 6g、5 1.85cm和3 3 .47cm ,且前期生长速度较快 ,5月龄体重相当于成年体重的 84.15 %。产毛量、粗毛率均较高 ,11月龄刀剪毛产量、粗毛率分别为 2 94.2 8g(折年产毛量 1177.12g)和 15 .94%。毛品质优良 ,11月龄刀剪毛毛纤维长度、细度、强度及伸度 ,粗毛分别为 11.5 5cm、47.0 4μm、2 8.43g和 47.3 3 % ,细毛分别为 7.3 6cm、15 .64 μm、4.83g和 45 .3 7% ,且采毛方式不限 ,既可刀剪又可手拔。繁殖性能适中 ,头胎产仔 7.2 1只 ,产活仔 6.82只 ,初生、2 1日龄及断奶窝重分别为 3 63g、2 2 44g和5 0 2 7g ,断奶成活率 91.72 %。     

兔产品市场动态

１．肉兔。商品活兔（单位：千克）：福建福州市场批发价黄兔公１８元、母１６元，新西兰、比利时等杂色兔１３元。１９９９年底黄兔收购价公１４元、母１２元，体重２．２５千克以上很受欢迎。海南海口１７元，新疆奎屯１７元，四川成都１１元，江苏邳州９元，山东临沂８元，河南西平８元，河北张北６．５元。 ２．兔毛。刀剪毛（单位：千克）：浙江新昌１００元，江苏东台１０５元，江苏宜兴１０２元，山东临沂１００元，山东乳山１０２元，上海南汇１００元，安徽谢桥１００元（特级手拔粗毛１３０元），河南西平９０元（手拔毛１２０元…     

豫南地区兔产品及饲料价格行情

豫南地区兔产品及饲料价格行情兔毛９月份豫南地区的兔毛价格比较稳定，剪毛（统货）的市场价格是１４０～１５０元／千克；粗毛型手拔毛的市场价格是２２０～２３０元／千克。肉兔体重２千克以上的肉兔市场价格是７～８元／千克。饲料玉米１．１０～１．２０元／千克；麸...     

兔绒生产技术

兔毛分细毛、粗毛和两型毛三种类型。细毛又称兔绒，细度１２～１４μm，有明显弯曲，但弯曲不整齐，大小不一。细毛具有良好的理化特性，在毛纺工业中纺织价值很高，用于生产高档服装面料。粗毛又称枪毛或针毛，是毛纤维中最长最粗的一种，细度３０～１２０μm，直而硬，光滑，无弯曲，缺乏柔软性，纺织价值较低。两型毛则是在单根毛纤维上有两种纤维类型。兔毛中粗毛含量高低主要受品种影响，如德系安哥拉兔粗毛含量低于５％，而法系安哥拉兔及我国培育的粗毛型长毛兔粗毛含量高达１０％～１３％以上。据目前兔毛行情，兔绒价格较高。为此…     

长毛兔分期拔毛效果好

目前,长毛兔采毛方法以刀剪毛和手拔毛两种为主。长毛兔拔毛后被毛变粗,不会绣毛。拔毛养毛期一般为90天,比刀剪毛养毛期长,因而毛纤维较长。所以手拔毛具有兔毛商品品质所要求的“白、净、粗、长”四大要素,售价比刀剪毛高出25%～40%。手拔毛法采毛还能少量提高年产毛量。河南省舞阳县北半部是长毛兔集中饲养区,采毛以拔毛为主。以往拔毛采取一次性将除头脚毛以外的毛拔光,同时剪去头脚毛的方法。这样做,毛价确实比剪毛高不少,但也带来不少问题。一是拔毛应激反应重,表现为拔毛后食欲减退、消瘦,容易引起感冒、鼻炎、肺炎、皮肤感染和其它…     

皖系粗毛兔产毛特性研究

皖系粗毛兔是通过德系安哥拉免、新西兰白兔两品种间杂交,经10余年培育而成的高产优质高效的粗毛型长毛兔。据2000年测定：11月龄刀剪毛产量达294．28g,折年产毛量1177．12g,11月龄粗毛率达15．94％,11月龄产毛量、粗毛率和体重的遗传力分别为0．3296、0．2124和0．4293（运用父系半同胞组内相关测法）,得到了高产量和高粗毛率的统一。     

鲁西茌平长毛兔毛质分析研究

对用中系安哥拉兔导入德系安哥拉兔，唐行系长毛兔和粗毛型长毛兔血液中培育出的鲁西茌平长毛兔的兔毛品质进行了测定。结果表明：成年兔绒毛和粗毛的细度分别为１４．１１μｍ和４２．３１μｍ；成年公、母兔的粗毛率分别为１３．４０％和１３．６０％，毛镥长度分别为５．３８ｃｍ和５．３１ｃｍ（６５ｄ养毛期）。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein