不同胎次奶山羊血浆及乳汁cAMP和cGMP含量的变化

采用蛋白竞争结合分析法及放射免疫分析法及放射对西农莎能奶山羊２－５胎泌期血浆及乳汁ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ含量进行了测定。结果表明，不同胎次血浆ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ含量差异不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５），而乳汁中ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ含量明显高于血浆中含量（Ｐ〈０．０１）；不同胎次乳汁ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ含量随胎次变化有相应的消长，但变化不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）。乳汁中ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ随产奶量增加而呈正相关。     

SDG分离富集—1—（5—溴—2—吡啶偶氮）—2—萘酚—6—磺酸光度法测定环境样？…

以５－Ｂｒ－ＰＡＮ－Ｓ为显色剂,研究了测定汞的显色条件。在ｐＨ９．０的氨性缓冲液中,形成１：１型的稳定配合物,配合物的最大吸收峰位于５５８ｎｍ波长处,表现摩尔吸光系数ε＝２．０×１０＾４Ｌ／０（ｍｏｌ·ｃｍ）。汞量在０￣８０μｇ／２５ｍＬ范围内符合比尔定律。采用巯基葡聚糖凝胶分离水中共存离子富集汞,提高了方法的选择性。本法用于水样分析,结果令人满意。     

生长因子对卵母细胞体外成熟及早期胚胎体外发育的影响

为了探讨生长因子（ＥＧＦ，ＰＤＧＦ）对牛卵母细胞体外成熟与早期胚胎体外发育的影响，本研究进行了两个实验。实验１：在卵母细胞体外成熟（ＩＶＭ）中，将卵母细胞平均随机的放入表皮生长因子浓度为０，２．５，２５，５０μｇ／Ｌ的成熟培养液和对照组中。实验２：在早期胚胎体外培养（ＩＶＣ）过程中，将受精卵平均随机分配入５个不同培养液的处理组：（１）ＴＣＭ－１９９＋１０％阉公牛血清（ＳＳ）；（２）ＴＣＭ－１９９＋ＥＧＦ＋ＰＤＧＦ；（３）ＴＣＭ－１９９＋ＥＧＦ；（４）ＴＣＭ－１９９＋ＰＤＧＦ；（５）ＴＣＭ－１９９＋无生长因子、其中ＥＧＦ：５０μｇ／Ｌ，ＰＤＧＦ：０．１μｇ／Ｌ。２，３，４，５组有０．１％ＰＶＡ和０．３％ＢＳＡ，并与颗粒细胞单层协同培养。卵母细胞的体外成熟（ＩＶＭ）、体外受精（ＩＶＦ）和早期胚胎体外培养（ＩＶＣ）的方法与Ｌｕ等（１９８７）报道的相同。结果表明：浓度为５０μｇ／Ｌ的处理组分裂率与对照组无差异（８９．０％，９２．４％，Ｐ＞０．０５），而浓度为０，２．５，２５μｇ／Ｌ的处理组分裂率均显著低于对照组（７８．６％，８２．３％，８４．３％，Ｐ＜０．０５），在囊胚率和第７ｄ一级胚胎率上各组均无差异。ＥＧＦ在体     

不带抗药性基因的nifA质粒的构建

本研究克隆了萤光假单胞菌ＡＳ１．５５（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｓＡＳ１．５５）的亮氨酸基因（ｌｅｕ＾＋）ＥｃｏＲＩ片段（－６．６ｋｂ）,并获得含有该片段的重组质粒ｐＢＲ３２２－ＬＥＵ。从ｐＢＲ３２２－ＬＥＵ质粒中分离出ｌｅｕ＾＋ＥｃｏＲＩ片段,将其插入到ｎｉｆＡ质ｐＭＣ７１Ａ的ＥｃｏＲⅠ位点使氯霉素抗性基因失活,从而构建了不带抗药性基因ｎｉｆＡ质粒ｐＭＣ７１Ａ－ＬＥＵ。     

无病毒苹果苗试管微繁技术研究

对经脱毒的优良苹果品种北海道９号、皇家嘎拉和长富２号进行了试管微繁技术的研究。结果表明：适合于３个品种试管苗增殖的培养基为ＭＳ＋６—ＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋蔗糖３０ｇ／Ｌ,增殖率为２５～３,≥３ｃｍ的试管苗率约为５０％。通用的生根培养基为１／２ＭＳ＋ＩＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．１５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋蔗糖２５ｇ／Ｌ－肌醇,平均生根率保持在７５％左右。生根试管苗采用“一步法移栽”,平均成活率在７８％以上。     

快速冷冻牛体外受精胚胎

本文研究不同类型的防冻剂及其浓度对快速冷冻牛胚胎的效果。试验Ⅰ：７日龄囊胚先分别放入含１０％（Ｖ／Ｖ）甘油或１０％（Ｖ／Ｖ）乙二醇改良的磷酸盐缓冲液（ＰＢＬ）中，室温下平衡１０ｍｉｎ。然后，分别移入１．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，２．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ甘油或２．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，３．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ乙二醇＋０．２５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ蔗糖ＰＢＬ液中，１０ｍｉｎ后将胚胎放进冰箱的结冰层（约─２３℃），３５ｍｉｎ后直接投入液氮。冻后孵化率最高的处理组为１．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ甘油＋０．２５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ蔗糖（８２．４％），其极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）地高于２．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ甘油＋０．２５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ蔗糖（１５．４％），２．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ乙二醇＋０．２５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ蔗糖（６３．９％），３．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ乙二醇＋０．２５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ蔗糖（３８．７％）。试验Ⅱ：７日龄胚胎先在１０％（Ｖ／Ｖ）甘油中平衡１０ｍｉｎ，而后，分别移入１．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ甘油＋０，０．２５，０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ蔗糖，停留１０ｍｉｎ后快速冷冻。解冻后，胚胎分别用０．５，０．２５，０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ蔗糖除甘油。结果表明：解冻液中的蔗糖浓度对胚胎的存活力无显著影响。当冷冻处理为１．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ甘油＋０．２５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ蔗糖时，胚     

钒试剂光度法测定环境样品中锰的研究

研究了１．０ｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１ＮａＯＨ溶液中使Ｍｎ（Ⅱ）被空气中氧氧化成Ｍｎ（Ⅳ），然后在２．４ｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１磷酸介质中氧化钒试剂显色的反应，选择了最佳反应条件。方法的检出限为０．０４μｇ·ｍＬ＾－１。本法简单灵敏、选择性较好，可测定植物样叶中Ｍｎ的含量。     

乙肝表面抗原和生长抑素融合基因在杆状病毒中表达

将乙肝表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）与生长抑素的融合基因（ＨＢｓＡｇ／ＳＳ）插入杆状病毒转移载体质粒ｐＶＬ１３９３，构成重组转移质粒ｐＶＬ１３９１ＨＳ。经Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂质证实ＨＢｓＡｇ／ＳＳ已插入ＰＶＬ１３９３。借助磷酸钙沉淀法，将ＣｓＣｌ超速离心纯化的重组转移质粒和苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒（ＡｃＮＰＶ）共转染Ｓｆ９细胞，用荧光空班和酶联免疫测定法（ＥＬＩＳＡ），筛选到重组病毒ＡｃＮＰＶＨＳ。提取感     

铬天青S－溴化十六烷基三甲铵－乙醇高灵敏分光光度法测定植物和土壤水中铝

本文探讨了铝与铬天青Ｓ的最佳显色反应条件。当ｐＨ为６．５，在溴化十六烷基三甲铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）和乙醇的存在下，铝与铬天青Ｓ形成绿色配合物，最大吸收峰位于６３５ｕｍ，表观摩尔吸光系数为１．６５×１０５Ｌ／ｍｏｌ·ｃｍ，铝含量在０～０．２４μｇ／ｍＬ范围内符合比耳定律。在本实验条件下，该方法具有良好的选择性，应用于植物和土壤水中铝的测定，结果满意。     

黄脉爵床微体繁殖技术研究

对黄脉爵床（Ｓａｎｃｈｅｚｉａ ｎｏｂｉｌｉｓ Ｈｏｏｋ．ｆ．）微繁技术进行了研究并获成功。研究结果表明,外源植物生长调节剂及营养物质对试管芽苗增殖生长及其不定根诱导均有显著影响。试管芽苗在ＭＳ＋ＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＺＴ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．０３ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＡＡ０．０３ｍｇ／Ｌ培养基上,可获得最大的单位芽苗数。ＭＳ（大量元素减半,肌醇１／４量）＋ＩＢＡ１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ（或ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ）＋     

Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of raspberries

Raspberries are rich in phenolic phytochemicals. To study the health benefits of raspberries, four fresh raspberry varieties (Heritage, Kiwigold, Goldie, and Anne) were evaluated for total antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. The total amount of phenolics and flavonoids for each of the four raspberry varieties was determined. The Heritage raspberry variety had the highest total phenolic content (512.7 +/- 4.7 mg/100 g of raspberry) of the varieties measured followed by Kiwigold (451.1 +/- 4.5 mg/100 g of raspberry), Goldie (427.5 +/- 7.5 mg/100 g of raspberry), and Anne (359.2 +/- 3.4 mg/100 g of raspberry). Similarly, the Heritage raspberry variety contained the highest total flavonoids (103.4 +/- 2.0 mg/100 g of raspberry) of the varieties tested, followed by Kiwigold (87.3 +/- 1.8 mg/100 g of raspberry), Goldie (84.2 +/- 1.8 mg/100 g of raspberry), and Anne (63.5 +/- 0.7 mg/100 g of raspberry). The color of the raspberry juice correlated well to the total phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents of the raspberry. Heritage had the highest a/b ratio and the darkest colored juice, and the Anne variety showed the lowest phytochemical content and the palest color. Heritage raspberry variety had the highest total antioxidant activity, followed by Kiwigold and Goldie, and the Anne raspberry variety had the lowest antioxidant activity of the varieties tested. The proliferation of HepG(2) human liver cancer cells was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner after exposure to the raspberry extracts. The extract equivalent to 50 mg of Goldie, Heritage, and Kiwigold fruit inhibited the proliferation of those cells by 89.4 +/- 0.1, 88 +/- 0.2, and 87.6 +/- 1.0%, respectively. Anne had the lowest antiproliferative activity of the varieties measured but still exhibited a significant inhibition of 70.3+/- 1.2% with an extract equivalent to 50 mg of fruit. The antioxidant activity of the raspberry was directly related to the total amount of phenolics and flavonoids found in the raspberry (p < 0.01). No relationship was found between antiproliferative activity and the total amount of phenolics/flavonoids found in the same raspberry (p > 0.05).     

不同成熟度油橄榄油品品质研究

为明确不同成熟度油橄榄油品品质的变化规律,建立不同品种的质量体系,让企业和种植户能够根据自己的侧重点选择需要种植的品种,以提高生产效率和产品质量。以城固(Chenggu)、莱星(Leccino)、切姆拉尔(Chemlal de kabylie)0～7个成熟度的油橄榄果实为试验材料,对3个品种的出油率、酸价、过氧化值、多酚含量、主要脂肪酸等品质指标进行测定。结果表明,第7成熟度切姆拉尔的出油率最高,为13.6%;第0成熟度城固的最低,为2.1%。脂肪酸组成中油酸含量最高,为53.31%～71.64%;棕榈酸含量为12.91%～16.53%,棕榈一烯酸含量为0.42%～2.09%,硬脂酸含量为1.25%～2.96%,亚油酸含量为7.48%～18.24%;亚麻酸含量最低,为0.63%～1.51%。多酚含量,第1成熟度以城固最多,为281.91 mg/kg;第2成熟度以切姆拉尔最低,为73.53 mg/kg。多酚含量随着成熟度的增加会有一个先增加再减小的趋势;酸价(最高为0.67 mg/g)、过氧化值(最高为0.71 g/kg)远低于国标中对特级初榨橄榄油的限度。可见,3个油橄榄品种的油脂质量均比较高,其中切姆拉尔出油率较高,城固多酚含量较高。     

奶牛产奶量与乳中孕酮、雌二醇含量关系的研究

用放射免疫法测定了50头荷斯坦牛产后23d内及发情前后12d内乳中的孕酮(P)和雌二醇(E2)的含量。结果表明:产奶量≤2000kg时,P和E2的平均含量分别为(0.70±0.30)ng/ml和(134±240)pg/ml;产奶量为2001-2500kg时,P和E2的平均含量分别为(0.55±0.17)ng/ml和(100±111)pg/ml;产奶量为2501-3000kg时,P和E2的平均含量分别为(0.45±0.17)ng/ml和(44±24)pg/ml;产奶量为2001-2500kg时,P和E2的平均含量为(0.50±0.19)ng/ml和(94±182)pg/ml。发情前后12d内,产奶量≤2000kg,P和E2的平均含量分别为(1.74±1.13)ng/ml和(40±15)pg/ml;产奶量为2001-2500kg时,P和E2的平均含量分别为(1.85±0.64)ng/ml和(47±11)pg/ml;产奶量为2501-3000kg时,P和E2的平均含量分别为(1.98±1.26)ng/ml和(42±12)pg/ml;产奶量为2001-2500kg时,P和E2的平均含量分别为(2.41±1.10)ng/ml和(49±13)pg/ml。不同产奶量(90d内总产量)的奶牛其产后乳中孕酮及雌二醇含量之间的差异均达极显著(P<0.01)。而不同产奶量的奶牛其发情前后孕酮、雌二醇含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

应用固相RIA监测黄牛产后卵巢机能

用~(125)Ⅰ固相放射免疫分析法测定了22头母鲁西黄牛的产后血浆孕酮(P_4)浓度。结果表明,在产后13.6±4.4天以前,母牛的血浆P_4浓度处于基础水平(0.34±0.04—0.55±0.06ng/ml,P<0.05),此后开始升高,母牛出现卵巢话动。代表卵巢活动的P_4曲线可分为4种类型:Ⅰ型,在产后10.6±3.9天以后,曲线呈现3个正常的黄体周期;Ⅱ型,在产后13.6±4.4天以后,首先出现一个8.5天左右的短黄体周期,然后出现两个正常的黄体周期;Ⅲ型,在产后12.5±3.9天以后出现一个正常的黄体周期,接着出现一个短黄体周期;Ⅳ型,在产后12.5±2.5天以后,出现不规则的黄体周期。在黄体周期中,最低P_4水平为0.45±0.15—0.60±0.38ng/ml。最高为2.65±1.95—4.17±2.35ng/ml。本试验表明,间隔4天测定1次血浆P_4浓度,可准确地判定母牛的发情周期。固相RIA灵敏度高,准确性和重复性好、操作简便。     

三江平原土壤有机碳含量及其密度的空间变异特征分析

  目的  三江平原是我国重要的粮食产地,探究三江平原土壤有机碳(SOC)含量及其密度的空间分布特征及影响因素,为该区域土壤有机碳库的维持和提升提供重要依据。  方法  在三江平原地区8 km × 8 km网格法布设采样点,共采集表层（0 ~ 20 cm）土壤样品324份,开展土壤有机碳含量及其密度空间分布特征和影响因素分析。  结果  表层土壤有机碳含量平均值为30.90 ± 25.42 g kg?1、表层有机碳密度平均值为69.05 ± 48.62 t hm?2,其空间上呈“东南低－西北高”分布特征。黑土与水稻土之间土壤有机碳含量存在极显著差异（P < 0.01),与暗棕壤之间土壤有机碳含量存在显著性差异(P < 0.05);耕地－水田土壤有机碳含量最低,为27.21 g kg?1,林草地有机碳含量最高,为44.83 g kg?1,耕地与林草地之间土壤有机碳含量存在极显著差异（P < 0.01);种植水稻的土壤有机碳含量最低,为27.31 g kg?1,种植混合林的土壤有机碳含量最高为44.83 g kg?1,种植混合林与种植玉米、水稻、豆类之间的土壤有机碳含量存在极显著差异（P < 0.01)。  结论  总体看来,土地利用类型、土壤类型和作物类型三种因素对三江平原地区土壤有机碳含量及其密度均有影响,并达到显著水平。     

硒、锌及其交互作用对不同季节茶叶多酚氧化酶活性的影响

通过喷施不同浓度的亚硒酸钠和醋酸锌,研究了硒、锌及硒锌交互作用对不同季节茶叶叶片硒、锌含量以及多酚氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1)茶叶硒、锌含量均在春季最高,夏季次之,秋季最低。3季茶叶硒含量都在中高浓度(200~400μg/ml)的硒和低中浓度(0.2%~0.4%)的锌处理下相对较高;而锌含量在中高浓度(0.8%~1.2%)的锌和低中浓度(50~100μg/ml)的硒处理下较高;各季节茶叶硒、锌含量都在中浓度的硒(100~200μg/ml)和锌(0.4%~0.8%)配比下较高。(2)茶叶多酚氧化酶活性在夏季最高,春季次之,秋季最低。3季茶叶该酶活性均在中浓度的硒(100~200μg/ml)和锌(0.4%~0.8%)处理及其配比下相对较高;而高浓度的硒(400μg/ml)和锌(1.2%),以及低浓度(0.2%)的锌处理对春茶和夏茶多酚氧化酶活性的提高效应不甚明显,秋茶多酚氧化酶活性则在低浓度的硒(50μg/ml)和低浓度的锌(0.2%)以及高浓度的硒(400μg/ml)、锌(1.2%)处理下均无明显提高效应,同时低硒与低锌配比、高硒与中高浓度(0.2%~0.8%)的锌配比对春、夏、秋3季茶叶PPO活性的促进效应均不明显。     

Influence of Oxalate,Phytate, Tannin,Dietary Fiber,and Cooking on Calcium Bioavailability of Commonly Consumed Cereals and Millets in India

The objectives of this research were to study the bioavailable calcium from widely used cereals and millets by an in vitro method and to provide data on the role of calcium inhibitors. The average total calcium content of the analyzed raw cereals and millets ranged from 10.2 to 324.6 mg/100 g (the lowest and highest values correspond to maize and finger millet, respectively), whereas the rest of the raw cereals and millets had calcium content in the range of 26.3–50.4 mg/100 g, except for rice samples (10.4 mg/100 g). Soluble percentage of calcium is the highest in maize (45.1%), and dialyzable calcium percentage is the highest in wheat (34.9%). The cooking process did not significantly affect calcium bioavailability and the contents of phytate and tannin. However, cooking reduced the oxalate content, and in the case of dietary fiber significant increase was observed. The order of oxalate content in the cereals and millets studied was found to be pearl millet > finger millet > wheat > maize > sorghum > rice. Multiple regression analysis carried out to explain the influence of oxalate, phytate, tannin, and dietary fiber on calcium bioavailability showed greater inhibitory effect of oxalate.     

The influence of tree species on the biomass of denitrifying bacteria in gray forest soils

The biomass of two groups of microorganisms was studied in gray forest soils under six tree species (spruce, Scotch pine, Arolla pine, larch, birch, and aspen) and in the soil of a layland (a clearing in the forest) using kinetic methods. The biomass was the highest in the soil of the layland. The lowest (19.4 μg C/g of soil) biomass of heterotrophic microorganisms was found in the soil under the birch trees, and the highest one (41.7 and 32.0 μg C/g), under the pine and spruce ones. The biomass of denitrifying microorganisms was lower by thirty times than that of the heterotrophic ones. In the soils under the pine and spruce trees (8.4 and 9.2 μg C/g, respectively), the biomass of the denitrifying microorganisms was the lowest; under the birch and larch trees, it was the highest (16.7 and 13.7 μg C/g).     

仿刺参体腔液补体类似物化学发光免疫检测

首次应用酶联化学发光免疫检测(Chemiluminesent Immunoassay,CLIA)技术测定仿刺参体腔液补体类似物AjC3和AjC4。羊抗人C3、C4抗体吸附到经过紫外线处理的聚苯乙烯管内,采用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记抗体。过氧化氢和鲁米诺为辣根过氧化物酶的底物。捕获抗体包被最适浓度为1μg/ml,免疫反应20℃孵育2h达到平衡。HRP-IgC3、IgC4抗体复合物适宜稀释度为1:2000,HRP-IgC3I、gC4抗体复合物4℃下保存8d性能稳定,室温下5d内性能稳定。标准品浓度在0.1～10ng/ml范围内时与化学发光值之间具有良好的线性相关性,检测灵敏度为0.1ng/ml。结果表明应用酶联化学发光免疫检测技术能够检测到仿刺参体腔液中含有补体类似物,AjC3含量为6.58±1.4μg/ml,AjC4含量为0.67±0.3μg/ml。     

Isoflavones in soy-based foods consumed in Brazil: levels,distribution, and estimated intake

The isoflavone content and profile in processed soy-based products consumed in Brazil were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and photodiode array detection of the intact isoflavones (naturally occurring aglycons, malonyl, acetyl, and beta-glycosides derivatives). Total isoflavone content varied significantly among products, from 2 to 100 mg/100 g (wet basis, expressed as aglycons), with the lowest content being found for soy-based enteral/oral diets and the highest found for textured soy proteins. For soy beverages isoflavone content varied from 12 to 83 mg/L. Soy sauce, miso, and tofu had isoflavone contents of 5.7 mg/L, 20 mg/100 g, and 7 mg/100 g, respectively. The beta-glycosides were the predominant form of the isoflavones in the products analyzed, except for miso, shoyu, and "Diet Shake" in which the aglycons were present in the highest proportions. On the basis of these data, the daily intake of isoflavone from soy products was estimated: the highest values were found for infants fed soy-based formulas, from 1.6 to 6.6 mg/kg of body weight.